Dr. Vijay Marakala, MBBS, MD.

Senior Lecturer

BIOCHEMISTRY

IMS, MSU.

ANDROGENS ESTROGENS

PROGESTERONE

ADOLF BUTENANDT

Nobel prize - 1939

RESPONSIBLE FOR

•Growth, development, maintenance and regulation of reproductive system

REQUIRED FOR

• The development of germ cells

of sex hormones in both men and women.

ANDROGENS

Testosterone Major male

sex hormone

Produced by Leydig cells

ESTROGENS

Predominant ovarian

hormone

Follicle and corpus luteum

of ovary

PROGESTERONE

Produced during luteal

phase of menstrual

cycle and also during

pregnancy

CHOLESTEROL

Pregnenolone Progesterone

7-OH -Pregnenolone 7-OH -Progesterone

DHEA ANDROSTENEDIONE

TESTOSTERONE

DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (DHT)

ESTRONE (E1)

ESTRADIOL (E2)

Granulosa cells of the ovary

Adrenal cortex, leydig cells of the testes and theca cells of the ovaries

Skin, prostate and epididymis

Aromatase

5 α-Reductase

Placenta produces E1, E2 and ESTRIOL (E3)

17βHSD 17βHSD

BIOSYNTHESIS OF SEX HORMONES

• DHEA

• Androstenedione

Adrenal androgens

• Produced by Leydig cells

• Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the active form

Testosterone

Androgens are steroid hormones that control the expression and maintenance of male sexual characteristics

Male sexual characteristics

Important for sexual development

Secondary sexual characteristics in men

Effect on protein metabolism

Promotes protein synthesis

Positive nitrogen balance and increase muscle mass

Effect on carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Increases Glycolysis & TCA cycle

Increases fatty acid synthesis

Effect on mineral metabolism

Testosterone is thought to increase bone thickness and periosteal bone formation.

A testosterone deficiency in men can

cause

• Fatigue, mood swings, low libido, and irritability

Too much testosterone can

cause.

• Aggression, depression, impotence, and excessive libido

Estrogens are a class of steroid hormones which control the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics

Is the most important Estrogen.ESTRADIOL

ESTRONE

ESTRIOL

Liver

• Growth, development and maintenance of female reproductive organs.

Female sexual characteristics

• Estrogens increase lipogenesis in adipose tissue

Lipogenic effect

• Estrogens lower the plasma total cholesterol

Hypocholesterolemiceffect

• Promote calcification and bone growthPrevention of bone loss

A deficiency can cause several health concerns, including

Decreased, libido, fatigue, inflammation, hair loss, mood swings, wrinkles, brittle bones,

and dry skin

Excessive amounts of estrogen can

cause

Bloating, bleeding, breast tenderness and mood swings

• Progesterone is synthesized and secreted by corpus luteum, placenta and adrenal glands

“Hormone of

pregnancy"

Prepares the uterus for pregnancy by shifting the endometrium from proliferation to secretion.

Essentially required for the implantation of fertilized ovum and maintenance of pregnancy.

Normal menstrual bleeding is progesterone withdrawal bleeding