biosphere law ton pass composition earth plate tech tonics 100120123338 phpapp01

8/8/2019 Biosphere Law Ton Pass Composition Earth Plate Tech Tonics 100120123338 Phpapp01

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Four

ystemsof

Our

Earth


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Composition of Earth Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:

Earths

systems

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Geosphere

water life land/rockAir/gases


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Composition of Earth

Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:

The Atmosphere

The Hydrosphere

The Biosphere Life on Earth

Sea life, plants, flying creatures, humans

Encompasses hydrosphere, upper geosphere, andloweratmosphere.

The Geosphere


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BIOSPHERE


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The relationship between an organism and its

environment is the study ofecology.


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Living things interact with Non

living things in the Biosphere

Biotic Factors

living components

in the biosphere

Biotic, meaning of

or related to life, are

living factors.

Plants, animals,

fungi, protist and

bacteria are allbiotic or living

factors.


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Living things interact with Non

living things in the Biosphere AbioticAbiotic Factors

nonlivingcomponents in thebiosphere

Environmentalfactors such habitat(pond, lake, ocean,desert, mountain) orweathersuch as

temperature, cloudcover, rain, snow,hurricanes, etc. areabiotic factors.


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Role of the Sun for the biosphere

The Sunprovides the

light and heat

necessary tomaintain life

on Earth and

is the ultimatesource of

energy.


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Biotic and abiotic factors combine to create a

system or more precisely, an ecosystem.

An ecosystem is a community of living andnonliving things.


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Examples of ecosystems

A pond.

Abiotic factors?

Biotic Factors?


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Ocean Ecosystem

Abiotic?

Biotic?


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Grassland ecosystem


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The Impact of Changing Factors

If a single factor is changed, perhaps bypollution or natural phenomenon, the wholesystem could be altered.

For example, humans can alter environmentsthrough farming or irrigating. While weusually cannot see what we are doing tovarious ecosystems, the impact is being feltall over.

For example, acid rain in certain regions hasresulted in the decline of fish population.


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A food chain Shows how each living thing gets its food.

Some animals eat plants and some animals eat otheranimals.

For example, a simple food chain links the trees, the

giraffes and the lions. Each link in this chain is food for

the next link. A food chain always starts with plant lifeand ends with an animal.


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A food chain

An is added and means is eaten by; also shows

the flow of energy (the giraffe gets his energy from the

leaves)

Now we have made a simple food chain.


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BiosphereHere is an

example ofanother foodchain.


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Plants arecalledproducers orautotrophs

because theyare able to uselight energy to

make their ownfood.


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Animals cannot make their own food so they

must eat plants and/or other animals. They

are called consumers or heterotrophs.

There are three groups of consumers.


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Herbivores are animals that only eat plants

or plant products (seeds). They are also

called primary consumers


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Carnivores areanimals that eat otheranimals.

There are 2 kinds ofcarnivores


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Secondary Consumers

are carnivores that eat

herbivores

Herbivores are primary

consumers

Something that makes its

own food is called a

producer


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Tertiary consumers are

carnivores that eat

other carnivores

killer whales (tertiary

consumerthey eat

another carnivore)

Dolphin (secondaryconsumerthey eat a

herbivore)

Herring (primary

consumerthey only eatplants)

Photoplankton (this

plant produces its own

food)


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Make your own food chain

Find in your notes where it says to make your

own food chain.

Start with a plant on the very left side. The arrow means is eaten by so think of the

next thing that might eat your plantand so

on.


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Animals and people who eat BOTH animals

and plants are called omnivores

WE EAT PLANTS WE EATMEAT


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To sum up:

Animals that eat only

plants.

Animals that eat only

animals.

Animals that eat bothanimals AND plants.

Humans are also

omnivores!


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Then there are decomposers (bacteria, worms,

and fungi) which feed on decaying matter.

These decomposers speed up the decaying

process that releases mineral salts back into the

food chain for absorption by plants as nutrients.


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Games

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/k

idscorner/foodchain/foodchain.htm producerconsumer game (pic of cow)

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/k

idscorner/foodchain/foodchain.htm Omnivore, carnivore, herbivore game (pic of

person,frog, lion and bear)

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/matching/mcarnivores.htm

Matching game (herbivore, carnivore, omnivore)


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Do you know why there

are more herbivoresthan carnivores?


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In a food chain, energy is

passed from one link to another

Lets say a plant has the # 100 to represent theenergy it has made.

When a herbivore eats, it does not get all theplants energy. It uses up some of the energy ineveryday activities. The herbivore may only get10% of that energy.

A carnivore then eats this herbivore. Thecarnivore only gets 1% of that plants original

energy. This is why the carnivore has to eat manyherbivores to get enough energy to grow.


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Energy and mass is transferred from

one level of the food chain to the next

with an efficiency of about 10%.


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Because of thelarge amount ofenergy that is lost ateach link, theamount of energy

that is transferredgets lesser andlesser

The further along

the food chain yougo, the less food(and energy)remains available.

ENERGYS MOVEMENT IN THE FOOD CHAIN


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This energy pyramid shows manytrees & shrubs providing food andenergy to giraffes.

Note that as we go up, there arefewer giraffes than trees & shrubsand even fewer lions than giraffes

... as we go further along a food

chain, there are fewer and fewerconsumers.

In other words, a large mass ofliving things at the base is required

to support a few at the top ... manyherbivores are needed to support afew carnivores


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Most food chains have no more than four or

five links

There cannot be too many links in a singlefood chain because the animals at the end of

the chain would not get enough food (and

hence energy) to stay alive.


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Most animals are part of more than one food

chain and eat more than one kind of food in

order to meet their food and energy

requirements. These interconnected food

chains form a food web.


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FOOD CHAIN vs FOOD WEB

FOOD CHAIN

FOOD WEB


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Note that the arrows are drawn from food

source to food consumers ...

substitute the arrows with the words "eatenby"

The arrows also show the way energy is

moving.


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Recap

The sun is the source of energy

Water is the source of life on earth Water is in the hydrosphere, geosphere and

atmosphere, and biosphere.

The living things in the biosphere are dependent on

many nonliving things. (abiotic and biotic) There are food chains and webs that show what

animals eat. The higher up on the food chain, theless predators they have.

Be able to describe who receives the most of thesuns energy and how energy moves and isconverted through the food chain.

Be able to describe how the systems are connected(atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere)


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http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reaction/index.cfm make a foodchain

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/foodchaingame.htm resource

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/foodchaingame.htm game food chain

Fun with foodwebs http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html

Fill in foodwebs http://www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/kids_web.htm

biosphere law ton pass composition earth plate tech tonics 100120123338 phpapp01

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