Biosecurity measures for compartments with respect to avian influenza: practical aspects

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

2

Martine Laurijssens DVM

specialistic advisor, auditor

Coordinator project compartmentalisation AI

Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA)

(thanks to the approved compartment: “pictures” and

Wageningen University of agriculture Research center: independant

investigation “Risk of poultry compartments for transmission of High

Pathogenic Avian Influenza”)

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Def compartmentalisation:

a procedure to establish subpopulations of distinct

health status based on management and

biosecurity factors (OIE)

Compartmentalisation means defining certain

subpopulations of farms which on the basis of their

management and husbandry practices are

considered to realize a high biosecurity (WUR)

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Definition biosecurity

a set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases, (quarantined pests, invasive alien species, living modified organisms.)

Goal compartmentalisation (OIE)

Serving to guarantee the health status of an animal health subpopulation

To avoid interruptions to trade in animals and animal products

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Biosecurity management should be common for all establishments involved. But: every establishment has its own specific situation (skills, characteristics farmer, activities, holding situated near agriculture grounds, waterways, birds, free range farms in environment etc.)

Biosecurity measures: not only theory but also applicable.

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Motivation

Make it as simple/easy as

possible but be consequent.

Explain why (awareness)

Discipline/routine

Good coöperation

and confidence enterprise-

CA!

6

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Money

Pressure of production

Pressure of market (crisis)

No interruption to trade

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Knowledge

Know your enemy! This is AI virus (HACCP)

• Lack of - (scientists,

entrepreneur, farmer,

CA)

• Change of personnel

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Avian Influenza virus Orthomyxo

Survival: • Organic materials ( feces,

nasal discharge) ln manure up to 7 days 7, 35 days 4 C.

• Temperature (Thermolabile 56° C,30m)

Ph (acid)

Salinity

Replication: mainly in respiratory, intestinal, reproductive tissues

Transmission? Direct: Fecal-oral, Indirect: aerosol, fomites

Antiviral disinfectans (see later)

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

LPAI: resp tracts : coughing sneezing, lachrymation, decreased egg prod, misshapen thin, pale eggs, depression, decreased feed and water intake

HPAI: First sign: high mortality

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Compartment level Biosecurity plan (see dir. (EC) 616/2009)

Activities (breeding, rearing, broilers, layer hens, eggs, hatchery etc.)

Transport of eggs or live chickens (vehicles)

Number of holdings within compartment, locations + environment, type of ventilation (high pressure?). Staff

Inputs, outputs. Routings (storage,vehicles,services, deliveries, removals, traceability)

Interactions, external contacts (eg suppliers, import)

Early warning (I. clin signs, 2 succ days 5% food/water, eggprod. II. older 10 days mort. 0.5 % or mort 3 % a week), tests (serologyELISA,PT-PCR), vaccinations, sampling, education (pers)

Cleaning and disinfection plan (also vehicles), pest control, wild bird control

HACCP!

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Part of the chain

No transport of live chickens

All in all out, 3-4 weeks cleaning period

1 km zone no poultry

Indicator biosecurity: mycoplasma synoviae

HPAI<10 km zone: holding excluded

Pullets 15 weeks: 30 samples <8 weeks before transport

parent stock farms (AI neg)

transport eggs (own transport, monday)

layer chicken hatchery (separate hatch)

transport one day old chicken

rearing farms (contract) all in all out, 3-4

period of cleaning

transport pullets (AI neg, own,monday)

laying farms (1 km, all in all out, 3-4

period of cleaning) compartment transport eggs (own, dedicated, 1-1)

incubation centre (excl.dedicated)

delivery

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

13

Compartment level

Localisation on national level

Number of holdings Distance:

between holdings

from densely populated poultry areas

from water

from wildlife resting (migratory routes )

from border

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

3 km zone

Poultry farms (free range!)

Poultry slaughterhouse

Market

Zoo

Petting Zoo etc.

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

1 km zone

See previous slide

Poultry farms (free range!)

Poultry slaughterhouse

Market

Zoo

Petting Zoo etc.

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Visit every holding

17

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Crops

Pastures

Waterways

Birds

Roads

Other holdings etc.

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

First contact

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

First contact

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

First contact

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Questions

Personel (temporaly?)

Rules?

Family (poultry farms?)

Contacts? services, supplies, removals, rendering

How many chickens?

Other actvities? Animals, crops

etc

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Routings

outside

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Clean routings

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Going inside

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

72 hours rule!

registration

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Hygiene unit (shower)

Routing

Clothes

Soap/shampoo

Towels

Shoes/boots

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Registration

visitors (72 hours rule

early warning

traceability

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Hygiene

Health status

Ventilation

Feed

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Collecting eggs

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Disinfection unit eggs

Fumigation

With?

o Formaldehyde and

permangate

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Disinfection unit

eggs

Disinfect

containers before

return

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Removal of

Carcases,

Dirty/cracked eggs

or dead in shell

eggs

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Removal of

Carcases,

Dirty/cracked eggs or

dead in shell eggs

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Removal of

samples (blood, feed

etc)

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Farm level

Make a tour outside

State of building

Routing

Manure storage

Hygiene

Birds/trees/crops etc.

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Means of disinfection

Antiviral

Suitable for the intended

use

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Walls, floors, ceilings, equipment, package materials means of transport! OIE:

Quaternary ammoniumsalts (4%)

Potassium peroxomonosulphate + sulphamic acid + sodiumalkylbenzene (ready to use product) (or stables empty 30 days)

Walls and floors

CalciumHydroxide: 3 %

Floors

Creosolic acid 2.2 %

Synthetic phenols 2%

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Fumigation

Formalin and permangate

Hands

Alcohol 70 %

Feed, lucerne, grit, bedding materials

>56 ° C (133 ° F), 30 min or 60 minutes (no consensus) if possible? (quarantine)

In activators

heating to 56 gr C (133 gr F) for a minmum of 60 minutes

ionizing radiation

low pH (pH 2)

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Risks (examples)

Human failure (communication,

disciplin)

Incubation period First sign: inf 7 days

First dead: inf 14 days

Knowledge: spread, causes of outbreaks

Uncontrollable factors (water)birds, wind (Netherlands!) (HACCP?)

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

HACCP

If the prerequisits are

not sufficient to protect

against AI:

specific measures are

needed eg extra

testing.

Biosecurity measures

for compartments with respect to avian influenza:

practical aspects

Dir. EC 852/2004

Identify the hazard (AI) in every step

Identify the critical control points (prerequisits not sufficient)

establishing critical limits at critical control points (zero)

effective monitoring procedures (eg tests)

corrective actions when CCP not under control (eg no entrance)

verify that the measures are effective (internal audit)

documents and records!