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Air Emissions Control

The ACBs of Odor Control

Michael BuschSales Manager

Represented locally byWater Technology Group

Denver, CO

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Presentation Outline

Typical Municipal Odors

Design Guidelines

Detection methods

Treatment Options About Biorem

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Typical Odors

Compound Smell Solubility Detection

H2S rotten egg soluble 0.00047 ppm

Total Reduced Sulfurs (TRSs):

DMS rotten cabbage insoluble 0.001 ppm

DMDS sulfide insoluble 0.001 ppm

MM rotten cabbage slight 0.0005 ppm

Many, many others!Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), TRS: di-methyl sulfide (DMS), di-methyl di-sulfide (DMDS), methyl mercaptan (MM)

Total Odor Removal

Encompasses every odor in airstream, good and/or bad.

Process involves collecting samples of untreated & treated air for

controlled laboratory sniffing by individuals Dilution Threshold (D/T) = Air samples are diluted with fresh air

until 50% of panelists can no longer detect an odor

Higher number => More smell

Many areas have 1 OU limit at the fence line

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Design Guidelines

Equipment selection/sizing variableso Airflow Rate (CFM)

o Air stream contaminants & levels

o

Source of odorso Available footprint/Location of installation

Air Exchangeso 3-6 air changes per hour (AC/hr) for un-staffed facilities

o

10-12 AC/hr for staffed facilitieso Air flow (cfm) = (volume of space x AC/hr) / 60min

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Dewatering/Sludge Handling/Compost stages

H2S TRSs(Lower) (Higher)

Pump Stations/Collection System/Headworks

H2S TRSs(Higher) (Lower)

Design Guidelines

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Measurement of Odors

Compound Method Used

H2S OdaLog or Jerome Meter

TRSs Lab Analysis

oDMS

oDMDS

oMM

Ammonia Draeger Tubes

Total Odor Odor Panel

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Measurement of Odors

Computerized Dispersion Modeling Accounts for all site specific meteorological, geographical, and

neighborhood conditions.

Provides a predictable model of expected odors, measured inodor units

1 odor unit (OU) at the fence line or nearest sensitive receptoris the goal.

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Biotrickling Filter Odor Model

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Biofilter Odor Model

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Treatment Options

Collect & Treat Technologies

Activated Carbon

Chemical Scrubbers

Biological Processes

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Activated Carbon

Used for water treatment over 2,000

years ago

Gained wide acceptance during first

world war in gas masks

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Adsorption - The phenomenon where moleculesadhere to a surface with which they come in

contact

Activated Carbon

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Activated Carbon

Bed(s) typically 24-36 deep.

Face velocity 40-85 FPM. >85 FPM will fluidize bed(s) and

blow carbon out the exhaust.

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Activated Carbon

Maintenance Requirements Carbon is a consumable requiring replacement and disposal, typically every12 months.

Typically involves confined space entry

Fans require routine maintenance Belts, bearings, etc

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Activated Carbon

Pros:Mature technology

Lower capital cost

Passive technology

Can treat all odorsGreat as a polisher

Cons:Consumable media

Media Life dependent onairstream make-up

Not adaptable

Higher HP fan motors

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Chemical Scrubbers

Designed for high H2S levels, Ammonia Large air flows through small footprint

Very poor on TRSs, total odor removal

oActually add chemical smell to

dischargeUse a water/chemical mixture sprayed over

packing to neutralize contaminants

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Single Stage H2S Removal 10 packingSodium Hypochlorite (12.5% NaOCL) and SodiumHydroxide (50% NaOH) = 99%+ Efficiency

Two Stage H2S Removal 15 total packing

1st Stage (5 packing) NaOH = 75% Efficiency

Plus

2nd Stage (10 packing) NaOCL and NaOH = 25%+

Efficiency

Total 99%+ Efficiency

Single Stage NH3 5 packing

Sulphuric Acid (50% H2SO4) = 99%+ Efficiency

Chemical Scrubbers

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Chemical Scrubbers

Can be round, square, vertical, horizontal, etc

Vertical, Counter-current

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Chemical Scrubbers

Can be round, square, vertical, horizontal, etc

Modular ScrubberLo-Pro type

2nd ChemicalSump

1st Chemical Sump

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Chemical Scrubbers

Internal Support Structure

Packing

Lantec

Jaeger

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Chemical Scrubbers

Typical sizes from 1,500CFM & up

Face velocity 400-500 FPM.

Very small footprint

Packing bed depths typically 5, 10, or 15

Packing typically good for 10 years

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Chemical Scrubbers

Maintenance Requirements

Packing must be chemically washed annually

Many controls, probes, pumps, etc

Chemical feed equipment

Fans

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Chemical Scrubbers

Pros:Mature technology99.99% removalLower capital costLower HP fans

Cons:Hazardous ChemicalsMaintenanceMaintenance

MaintenanceOnly good for H2S & NH3

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Biological

Biological Processes BioFilter

o Excellent total odor removal

o H2S treatment

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EBRTEmpty Bed Retention Time

Critical design parameter for

biological systems

Longer EBRT = Larger system

Biological

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Buried header/lateral piping

Wood Chips, Compost, PeatMoss, etc

Replaced every 2-3 years

10-12 wc dp thru 2-3 media

60-90sec EBRT

Very in-efficient

Very large Footprint

Organic Biofilter Media

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Next Generation Biofilter Medias

Coated, inorganic

Total odor removal

No Maintenance

20-30 sec EBRT typical

Permanent media

6 bed depth typical

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Biosorbens Media XLD Media

Wood Chip Biofilter

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Slotted Sub Floor

Wood-Chip Biofilter17,000CFM

60 sec EBRT 5,680 ft2 surface area17,000 ft3 of media

3 bed depth 50HP fan motor reqd

Media replaced every 2-3 years

71 80

Biosorbens Biofilter

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Slotted Sub Floor

Biosorbens Biofilter17,000CFM

30 sec EBRT1,460 ft2 surface area (75% smaller)8,750 ft3 of media (50% less)

6 bed depth25HP fan motor reqd (50% less)

Permanent media

40 38

XLD Biofilter

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Slotted Sub Floor

XLD Biofilter17,000CFM

20 sec EBRT960 ft2 surface area (84% smaller)5,666 ft3 of media (66% less)

6 bed depth25HP fan motor reqd (50% less)

Permanent media

30 32

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Biotrickling Filter Designed for >99% removal of H2S

EBRTs from 4 sec to 15 sec

Synthetic, permanent media No chemicals

Secondary effluent ideal make-upwater source.

If using potable water, nutrientsmust be added

Not good for total odors

Biological

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Biological Multi-Stage Systems

Problem:Treating High H2S AND achieve Total Odor Removal

Solut ion:

Combined technologies

1st Stage - Biotrickling FilterTreatment of H2SLow ph environmentRemaining foul odors passthrough to 2nd stage

2nd Stage - BioFilterTreatment of remaining odors

Neutral ph environment

Bi l i l

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Biological

Maintenance RequirementsRecirc pumpsSpray NozzlesFans

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Biological

Pros:Proven technologyVery low O&M costAdaptiveGood total odor controlLower HP fans

Cons:Higher capital costNeeds consistent food sourceNeeds water

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Technology Comparison

Technology Capital(Budget)

Annual Operating 10 YearTotal Cost

ActivatedCarbon

$76,500 $52,800 $604,500

ChemScrubber

$88,000 $38,400 $472,000

Biological

2-stage

$139,000 $10,500 $244,000

Assumptions:

8,500CFM

30 ppm H2S average inlet

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Important Design Variables:Airflow required

Source of the foul odors

Location of equipment

Available footprint

Treatment objective(s):

H2S

Total Reduced Sulfurs

Total Odors

Initial capital cost vs Long term

O&M

Conclusion

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In business since 1991Headquartered in Guelph, ON

Office/Plant locations in:

Victor, NYBeijing, China

40 employees

$20MM in sales revenue - 2010

700 Installations worldwide

Publicly traded company

About Biorem

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www.biorem.biz

www.wtrgroup.com

Thank You For Attending!
http://www.biorem.biz/http://www.biorem.biz/

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