biopsychology - miss...
TRANSCRIPT
Biopsychology
Miss. PaslawskiPsychology 40S
2017
Biological Bases of Behaviour
How does your brain process information?
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills.
Spatial Intelligence
Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. Core capacities include mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic skills, and an active imagination.
Naturalist Intelligence
Naturalistic learning is about understanding the patterns of living things and applying scientific reasoning to the world.
Musical Intelligence
Musical intelligence is associated with enjoying music, singing, making music, and playing an instrument.
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence is about understanding complex problems and conceptualizing relationships between symbols, processes, and actions.
Existential Intelligence
Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why we die, and how did we get here.
Verbal- Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings.
Intra-Personal Intelligence
Intra-personal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself and one’s thoughts and feelings, and to use such knowledge in planning and directioning one’s life.
Interpersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence is about social interaction and understanding the people around you and their motives, emotions, perspectives, and moods.
http://fundersandfounders.com/9-types-of-intelligence/#naturalist
Lesson 1: The Brain
History of the MindPhrenology
In 1800, Franz Gall suggested that bumps of the skull
represented mental abilities. His theory, though incorrect,
nevertheless proposed that different mental abilities were
modular.
Phineas GageNeuroscience Most Famous Patient
● In 1848, Gage, 25, was the foreman of a crew cutting a railroad bed in Cavendish, Vermont. On September 13, as he was using a tamping iron to pack explosive powder into a hole, the powder detonated.
● The explosion shot a metal rod through his skull.
● Despite the loss of his eye, and brain damage, he survived and lived for 11 years.
http://skeptikai.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Phineas-Gage-with-skull-picture.png
What can travel around the world while staying in a corner?
A stamp
Brain Structure Assignment Which structure should be hired as Brain CEO
● Brainstem● Medulla● Pons● Reticular formation● Cerebellum● Thalamus● Pituitary gland● Limbic System● Hippocampus● Amygdala
● Hypothalamus● Cerebral cortex● Corpus callosum● Frontal lobe● Parietal lobe● Occipital lobe● Temporal lobe● Motor cortex● Sensory cortex
Lesson 2: Structures of the brain
There was a green house. Inside the greenhouse there was a white house. Inside the white house there was a red house. Inside the red house there were lots of babies. What is it?
A watermelon
BrainstemWhat are the structures and functions of the brain?The Brainstem is the
oldest part of the brain, beginning where the
spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is
responsible for automatic survival
functions.
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Brain Stem: MedullaThe medulla is the base of the
brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing.
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Brain Stem: Pons
The pons above the medulla are responsible for sleep.
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Brain Stem: Reticular Formation
Reticular Formation is a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an
important role in controlling arousal.
Reticular Formation
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The “little brain” (cerebellum) attached to the rear of the
brainstem. It helps coordinate voluntary movements and
balance.
Cerebellum
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Thalamus
The Thalamus is the brain’s sensory switchboard, located
on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the
sensory areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the
cerebellum and medulla.
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The Limbic System is a system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum, associated
with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives for food and sex.
It includes the pituitary gland, amygdala, hypothalamus, and
hippocampus.
The Limbic System
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The Pituitary Gland is
often referred to as the “master gland” as it regulates many activities of other endocrine glands. It also produces the
growth hormone.
Pituitary Gland
Hippocampus
Hippocampus (Latin for seahorse)
is associated primarily with
memory.
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Amygdala
The Amygdala consists of two
almond-shaped neural clusters
linked to the emotions of fear
and anger.
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Hypothalamus
The Hypothalamus lies below (hypo) the thalamus. It directs several maintenance activities
like eating, drinking, body temperature, and control of
emotions. It helps govern the endocrine system via the
pituitary gland.
Corpus Callosum
The corpus callosum is a thick
band of fibers that connects
the two hemispheres and
passes information back and
forth to each hemisphere.
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The Cerebral CortexThe intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the
cerebral hemispheres. It is the body’s ultimate control and information processing center.
brain map
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Structure of the Cortex
Each brain hemisphere is divided into four lobes that are
separated by prominent fissures. These lobes are the
frontal lobe (forehead), parietal lobe (top to rear
head), occipital lobe (back head) and temporal lobe (side
of head).
26Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Brain LobesThe Frontal Lobes • Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making
plans and judgments. The Parietal Lobes • Receive sensory input for touch and body position.
The Occipital Lobes • Receive visual information from the opposite visual field.
The Temporal Lobes • Receive auditory information primarily from the opposite
ear.
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Functions of the Cortex
The Motor Cortex is the area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movements. The Sensory Cortex
(parietal lobe) receives information from skin surface and sense organs.
Lesson 3: The Nervous System
What kind of room has no doors or windows?
A mushroom
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Kahoot - Famous Faces
Can you recognize famous faces?
https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/img/mt/2014/03/BhxWutnCEAAtEQ6.jpg_large/lead_large.jpg?1430158206
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Face Blindness
Face blindness is a brain disorder characterized by the inability to
recognize faces. Face blindness is thought to be
the result of abnormalities, damage, or impairment to the
neural systems that control facial perception and memory.
“It was very validating to know, I have always believed my whole life that if I could just pay
more attention, I would be better at recognizing faces, and people wouldn’t get
upset with me for it.”
http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/560/cpsprodpb/D0A6/production/_90141435_976549editistock_63827563_large.jpg
Face Blindness Test
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Brain Plasticity
Neuroplasticity – or brain plasticity – is the ability of the brain to modify its connections
or re-wire itself. Without this ability, any brain, not just the human brain, would be unable to develop from infancy through to
adulthood or recover from brain injury.
Plasticity refers to the brain’s ability to modify itself after some type of injury or illness.
https://www.diygenius.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/learning-and-neuroplasticity-in-the-brain.jpg
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Brain Plasticity and Growth Mindset
For many years the people thought the brain was hardwired, and after development it only declined, this
thought is incorrect.
Carol Dweck - Growth Mindset
Yoda’s Wisest Words
https://14208-presscdn-0-76-pagely.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/growth-mindset-quote-carol-dweck.jpg
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Brain Plasticity and Growth Mindset
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/B7cnIlVCQAAiCSW.png
Carol Dweck - Growth Mindset Yoda’s Wisest Words
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The Split Brain ExperimentRoger Sperry, in the 1960s, carried out his most famous experiment, the split brain experiment. It was a cure for people who suffered from a special kind of epilepsy. The corpus callosum was severed which stopped the seizures however some odd behaviours resulted.
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The Split Brain Experiment
Lesson 4: NERVOUS SYSTEM
What kind of tree can you carry in your hand?
A palm
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The Nervous System
● The brain is the center of the nervous system.
● The spinal cord and nerves are the connections.
● Nerves carry electrochemical signals to and from different areas of the nervous system.
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Sympathetic Nervous SystemFight or Flight (Stress)
Fight or flight response https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEHwB1PG_-Q Stress video - commercial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Md9_r2rhtZM
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Activity: Nervous System Amusement Park
In table groups, your task is to create a drawing and description of a amusement park ride your design that is in align with a theme of one of the systems.
Options: ● Central nervous system● Peripheral nervous system● Somatic nervous system● Autonomic nervous system● Parasympathetic nervous system● Sympathetic nervous system
Lesson 5: Neurons and
Neurotransmitters
If you have me, you want to share me. If you share me, you haven't got me. What am I?
Secret
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Neurons
● The body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons.
● A neuron is a nerve cell.
● Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process.
● Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qS83wD29PY - The Neuron
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NeuronsA nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.
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Parts of a NeuronCell Body: Life support center of the neuron.
Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive
messages from other neurons.
Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin
sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons.
Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that
transmit messages to other neurons.
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Action Potential A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels
down an axon and is generated by the movement of
positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the
axon’s membrane.
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Synapse
Synapse a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
This tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhowH0kb7n0
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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters (chemicals) released from the sending neuron travel across the
synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron,
thereby influencing it to generate an action potential.
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Neurotransmitters
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Neurotransmitters
Lesson 6: The Endocrine System
What has a head and a tail, but no body?
A Coin
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The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication
system. Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of
glands.
The nervous system quick, like sending a text message, while the endocrine system is like sending
a letter in the mail.
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Hormones
Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones
affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.Examples: ● Insulin - blood sugar levels ● Testosterone and Estrogen - sex development
http://healthnudg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/insulin-resistance.jpg
The Pituitary Gland
• Is called the “master gland.” It releases hormones that regulate other glands.
• Releases the growth hormone.
• Also releases oxytocin which promotes group cohesion and social trust
http://www.merckmanuals.com/~/media/manual/home/images/end_pituitary.gif?la=en&thn=0
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The Thyroid Gland
• Metabolism and body temperature.
• Produces a hormone called thyroxine.
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Adrenal Glands and Pancreas
• Adrenal glands secrete hormones adrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine) during stressful and emotional situations
• Pancreas secretes insulin to regulate the level of sugar in the blood.
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Gonads
• Sex glands are located in different places in men and women. They regulate body development and maintain reproductive organs in adults.
• Testis produce the hormone testosterone.• The ovaries produce estrogen.