BIOMOLECULESMACROMOLECULESmade by polymerization-large

compounds built by joining smaller ones together.

Smaller units are called monomers.4 major molecules important to life.Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and

proteins.

BIO BUILDING BLOCKS

CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO

1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen

Main source of energy for living things Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

Also has structural purpose for living things. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose

CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES

LIPIDSMade of Carbon and Hydrogen. NOT soluble in water

doesn’t mix with waterUsed to store energyPart of the cell membrane.Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No

double bondsUnsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double

bonds between Carbons.

LIPIDS

LIPIDS - triglyceride

Phospholipids – cell membrane component

Phospholipids: fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid.

Phosphate group is hydrophilic—”water loving head”

“Water fearing tails” are fatty acid chains—hydrophobic

NUCLEIC ACIDSComposed of Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.Subunits are called nucleotides. Store and transmit hereditary

information.Provide instructions for making proteinsEx. DNA , RNA

NUCLEIC ACIDS

RNA—ribose DNA—deoxyribose

NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides

PROTEINS

Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, and Nitrogen .(*Sulfur)

Monomers are called amino acidsControl rate of reactions (enzymes)Function in transport and formation of

bone and muscle cells.Folded shape is important in enzyme

recognition process.

PROTEINS –amino acids