biometrics naved & adi
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
1/25
1
BIOMETRICSA REPORT ON BIOMETRICS BY
Aditya Mayekar.
Naved Bichu
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
2/25
2
BIOMETRICSINTRODUCTION
Biometrics involves measuring an individuals unique
physical or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify
their identity. Common physical biometrics include
fingerprints, hand or palm geometry, face, iris or retina.
The most widely used physical biometric is fingerprint.
Behavioral biometrics include signature, voice (with a
physical aspect), keystroke pattern and gait. Of this class
the most developed technologies are signature and voice.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
3/25
3
TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
FINGER PRINT SCANNING
RETINAL SCANNING
IRIS SCANNING FACIAL SCANNING
VOICE SCANNING
DNA FINGERPRINTING
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
4/25
4
BIOMETRICS
How biometric process works.
System has some prestored data.
The fingerprint is scanned.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
5/25
5
HOW BIOMETRIC PROCESS
WORKS
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
6/25
6
BIOMETRICS
Scanning
The system matches the scanned data with the stored data and
gives the appropriate result
Access is granted only when match is found.
Biometrics system is highly reliable.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
7/25
7
BIOMETRICS
Positive identification.
Is this person known to system
Authenticity of a person can be verified with
high certainty.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
8/25
8
BIOMETRIC
Fingerprint Scanning
Humans have fingerprints for the exact same
reason that tires have treads.
Different people have entirely sets of
fingerprints which enables identification.
A fingerprint is made up of ridges and valleys
(lines and the gaps separating them).
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
9/25
9
BIOMETRIC
Fingerprint Scanning
The most commonly used
method of scanning is optical
scanning.
An optical scanner has a CCDsensor similar to thrones used
in digital cameras.
An ADC system in the
scanner processes the electric
signals to generate digital
representations of the image.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
10/25
10
BIOMETRIC
Fingerprint Scanning
The process begins the
time you place your
finger on the glass plate.
The scanner has its ownsource of light which
illuminate the finger and
the CCD inside takes
picture of finger.
Matching of prints is a
fairly complex process.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
11/25
11
BIOMETRIC
Iris Scan
Iris Scan, though relating tothe eye uses a completelydifferent method ofidentification.
The iris is the coloured ringsurrounding the pupil.
The scan analyses thefeatures that exist in thecoloured tissue.
Over 200 points can be usedfor comparison such as therings, furrows and freckles.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
12/25
12
BIOMETRIC
Iris Scan
Iris recognition is a method of biometric identificationbased on high-resolution images of the iris is of anindividuals eyes.
An Iris-recognition algorithm first has to identify theapproximately concentric circular outer boundaries ofthe iris and the pupil in a photo of an eye.
Using a small camera, an iris-recognition system
photographs one or both eyes and converts the smalldetails in the iris stromal pattern into a bit pattern thatis suitabe for unambiguous positive identification of anindividual.
BIOMETRICS
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
13/25
13
BIOMETRICS
DNA
Introduction Recently included in biometrics
Serves as full set of building blocks for each person and itsunique
Humans share 99.9% of DNA
DNA is a large molecule whose shape resemble a double helixwhich looks like a ladder twisted in a spiral
Each molecule consists a string of nucleotide
Composition of each molecule of nucleotides
a) Sugar molecule
b) Phosphate molecule
c) Nitrogenous base
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
14/25
14
BIOMETRICS
BasesThe use of DNA in biometricapplication focuses on thenitrogenous bases
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Adenine pairs with Thymine andCytosine
with guanine
DNA is measured in unit called nt(nucleotides)
BIOMETRICS
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
15/25
15
BIOMETRICS
Electrophoresis
The DNA is sequencedusing a technique knownas Electrophoresis
What is electrophoresis ?a) electrophoresis is theprocess in which themolecule is separated
into its two constituentsstrands and placed at oneend of the of gelatin likegel
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
16/25
16
BIOMETRICS
Retinal Scanning Introduction
a) It is very old technology
b) For the retina to be scanned theuser looks through the hole inthe scanning device
c) A low intensity light fall on theretina which scandalize the layerof blood vessel at the back of theeye for matching patterns
Use
a) It is use for security purpose History
a) This technology started in 1930s
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
17/25
17
BIOMETRICS
Facial Recognition The camera pans around looking
for face. The minute it encountersa face, it starts scanning it andproceeds to identifying the variousnode and taking measurement ifpossible.
Once the face is detected thesystem determine the heads sizeand position
The algorithm then converts theface into a face print based onpredefined criteria programmed
into the algorithm The new data is then used as a
filter to sort through the databaseof faces at super fast speed tocome up with a match
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
18/25
18
BIOMETRICS
Voice Recognition
It works by storing voice patterns, and then
using them as database to authenticate a subject.
It works by noting a persons voice and converts
it into a audio file.
The phrase should be 1 to 1.5 seconds in length.
The subject is asked to close the phrase and
repeat it.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
19/25
19
BIOMETRICS
Voice Recognition
Voice Recognition can use plain audio sources(telephones, cell phones etc..) to authenticate the user.
Voice Recognition is often confused with speechrecognition.
If the subject has a sour throat or suffering from cold italters the voice quite considerably.
Outside noise like horns blaring, people screaming, thesystem might refuse to authenticate the user.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
20/25
20
MARKETSHARE OF BIOMETRIC
METHODS
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
21/25
21
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
22/25
22
BIOMETRICS
Merits
A lot of products in modern day worldincorporate one or other form of Biometricsecurity.
Microsoft recently launched a fingerprintscanner, compatible with Windows XP.
India has few companies dedicated toBiometrics-based product development.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
23/25
23
BIOMETRICS
Merits
The Tirupati Temple in Andhra Pradesh hasdeployed Biometrics for crowd control.
A pilot project is on in US where instead ofswiping your credit card, you simply put yourthumb in the fingerprint scanner in the ATM.
Biometrics can certainly be a powerful securitytool to combat terrorism.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
24/25
24
BIOMETRICS
Demerits
Biometrics can prove a potential threat to privacy.
Using various security cameras deployed on road ourmovements from office to work would not remainprivate.
You find a truckload of sites on internet giving detailedinstructions on how to go about about fakingfingerprints.
-
8/3/2019 Biometrics naved & adi
25/25
25
BIOMETRICS
Conclusion
Unique identification potential of biometrics can
help identifying criminal, eliminating fraud.
It is highly reliable.