biometric iris technology final

8/2/2019 Biometric Iris Technology Final

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BIOMETRIC IRIS TECHNOLOGY

BY:- ANUSHANK LAL

ID No. 08BTCSE028


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INTRODUCTION

Reliable user authentication

Data security has become an inevitable feature.

Instead of using something you have (like a key) orsomething you know (like a password), biometrics uses who

you are to identify you.

Biometric system automatically verifies or recognizes theidentity of a living person based on physical or behavioral

characteristics.


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BIOMETRICS

Biometrics is the identification or verification of human

identity through the measurement of repeatable physiological

and behavioural characteristics

A biometric system can be divided into 2 stages :

1. Enrolment Module.

2. Verification Module.


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TYPES OF BIOMETRICS

1. Physiologicalrelated to shape of the body. Fingerprint

Facial recognition

Hand geometry

Iris recognition

Retinal scan

Vascular patterns

DNA

2. Behavioralrelated to the behavior of the person.

Speaker recognition

Signature recognition

Gesture recognition


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IRIS RECOGNITION

Iris recognition is a biometric

identification technology that uses

high resolution images of the iris

of the eye Iris scanning measures the iris

pattern in the colored part of

the eye. The tissue has a unique pattern of markings which does

not change and is different for each eye.


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Daugmans model for Iris Recognition:

Image Acquisition Iris

LocalizationNormalization

Feature encodingFeature

Matching

Iris template

Database

Iris regionEye region

Identify or reject

the subject


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Image Acquisition:

Capturing of high quality

images of the iris.

Video camera is used as a

biometric sensor which

captures the number of images.

LED based point light sources

are used for illumination.

The operator positions in front

of the camera at a distance of

not more than 1m.


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Iris Localization

Localize that portion of the acquired image thatcorresponds to an iris.

Desired characteristics of iris localization:

o Sensitive to a wide range of edge contrast.

o Robust to irregular borders.

o Capable of dealing with variable occlusions.

Converts the visible characteristics of the iris into a 512byte Iris Code


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Iris Localization Process


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Iris Normalization

The size of the pupil may change due to the variation of theillumination and the associated elastic deformations in the iris

texture may interface with the results of pattern matching. For the

purpose of accurate texture analysis, it is necessary to compensate

this deformation. Since both the inner and outer boundaries of theiris have been detected, it is easy to map the iris ring to a

rectangular block of texture of a fixed size.

Localized Iris with Iris code


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Feature Encoding

Map the iris ring to a rectangular block of texture of a fixed size.

That iris is stored in already stored in database at enrollment time

Feature Matching:

Evaluates the goodness of match between the newly acquired iris

pattern and the candidates data base entry.

Hamming Distance - fraction of mismatched bits


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Bringing the newly acquired iris pattern into spatial

alignment with a candidate data base entry;

Choosing a representation of the aligned iris patterns that

makes their distinctive patterns apparent;

Deciding if the newly acquired data and the data base entry

were derived from the same iris then subject is identified

otherwise rejected.


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Applications

Ticket less travel

Substituting for passports (automated international border crossing);

Aviation security and controlling access to restricted areas atairports;

The largest use of iris recognition is in United Arab Emirates,where millions of Iris Code comparisons are done each day at allthe air, land and sea ports.

Database access and computer login; premises access control;

Door lock system. ATM machines.

It is under consideration for biometrically enabled National IdentityCards.


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Advantages

The false acceptance rate for iris recognition systems is 1

in 1.2 million

false-rejection rate is almost zero.

It can exhaustively search an Iris database of 100,000 inclose to one second.

Eyeglasses and contact lenses present no problems to the

quality of the image

The iris-scan systems test for a live eye by checking for

the normal continuous fluctuation in pupil size.


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Disadvantages

The technology requires a certain amount of user interaction.

Unusual lighting situation may affect the ability of the camera to

acquire its subject.

Backup must be in place if the unit becomes inoperable.

Often requires significant computational resources.

Used across multiple applications.


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Conclusion

As iris technology grows less expensive, it could very likely

unseat a large portion of the biometric industry.

Its technological superiority has already allowed it tomake significant inroads into identification and security

venues which had been dominated by other biometrics.

Iris-based biometric technology has always been anexceptionally accurate one, and it may soon grow much

more prominent.


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References

www.google.co.in

www.wikipedia.org

www.osun.org
http://www.google.co.in/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.osun.org/http://www.osun.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.co.in/

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