biomes of the world (2)

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

IES “AL-QÁZERES” Susana González Prado

INDEX:

1.Hot Climates: Natural landscapes.

Equatorial rainforest. Tropical rainforest Savanna Hot desert

2.Temperate Climates: Natural Landscapes.

Mediterranean scrubland Humid sub-tropical forest Deciduous forest Coniferous forest or taiga

3.Cold Climates: Natural Landscapes.

Tundra Alpine

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

HOT CLIMATES

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BIOMES OF THE W0RLD EQUATORIAL RAINFOREST

VEGETATION

Mahogany ( caoba)

cacao tree

Ebony, teak tree

Palm

Rubber tree

banana

The vegetation in the rainforest

forms four layers:

Emergent,

Canopy,

Under-canopy and

Shrub layer.

Animals

A huge numbers of animals live in

rainforests, including microscopic

animals, invertebrates (like insects

and worms), fish, reptiles, amphibi-

ans, birds, and mammals:

Apes, alligators

Parrots

Sloths

Jaguars

Pythons

An equatorial climate

A hot climate.

Equatorial rainforest are located in a narrow

band around the Equator..

A typical equatorial climate is hot, wet and

humid all year round.

It has no seasons.

Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic

Average Temperature: 25ºC

Total annual Rainfall: more than 1500mm

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

Equatorial Rainforest climatic data.

UAUPÉS, AMAZONAS. Height: 90 meters Latitude: 6º S Longitude: 67º W

Another example:

Singapore, (Malaysia): 1º 22’ N 103º 45’E Total annual rainfall: 2415mm Average temperatura 26º C

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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC total

ÁC 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 24

2886 mm 277 241 261 276 309 260 243 200 172 171 198 280

Equatorial Rainforest climatic data. Pay attention to these data, they belong to an equatorial climate, but they are altered by height. QUITO-OBSERVATORIO- Altitude: 2.850 mt . 0.22°S 78.50°W

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

°C 13.6 13.4 13.6 13.5 13.8 13.4 13.6 13.7 13.7 13.2 13.1 13.4 13.5

mm 89.5 134.8 148.0 165.4 109.9 49.3 28.7 34.6 83.7 134.7 99.2 93.9 1172.3

Vegetation

Less variaty of vegetation than in the equatorial rainforest.

Trees are not so tall or close together. There are species of tropical trees and plants : ferns, laurels, mixed with others from temperate zones, such as oaks and palms.

Monsoon forest: Teak.

Tropical Rainforest

These areas are located to the north and south of the Equator, but further away than the equatorial rainforest.

Closest to the Equator, there is a period of intense rain. Further away, there are two rainy season adn two dry seasons.

Monsoon Climate– Monsoon forest: It is a variety of tropical climate, and also of tropical rainforest. Monsoon is a seasonally wind full of rain, that occurs near the tropics. This climate have a very rainy season and a dry one.

Average temeperature over 20º.

Annual total rainfall les than 1500mm

Monsoon climate has torrential rainfall from June to September.

Fauna

Monkeys,

Anteater (oso hormiguero)

Lizard:(lĭz′ərd)

Puma

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Tropical Rainforest climatic data.

BANGKOK is at about 13.73°N 100.50°E. Height about 2m / 6 feet above sea level.

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD


°C 25.9 27.6 29.2 30.1 29.6 29.0 28.5 28.4 28.1 27.7 26.8 25.5 28.1

mm 10.6 28.2 30.7 71.8 189.4 151.7 158.2 187.0 319.9 230.8 57.3 9.4 1466.9

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD SAVANNA

Vegetation A savanna is hot, seasonally dry grassland with scattered trees. There are not so many trees because trees need a lot of water. The trees that grow here have adapted to survive drought: acacia tree, baobab tree. Bushes have thorns instead of leaves, to prevent water loss and protect them from animals. The grass grows fast in wet season.

A tropical climate. A hot climate Areas with this type of climate are located in the centre of continents approximately between 5º and 15º either side of the equator. This climate has two distinct seasons: a very warm, dry season where temperatures are similar to those found in desert regions and a hot, wet season where temperatures are similar to equatorial areas. Soil is not nutrient rich Average temperature: 18º/20º C Total annual rainfall: 1000mm

Animals

Many animals live in savannas, from invertebrates (like grass-hoppers, termites, and beetles) to large mammals (like lions and leopards): Elephants, antelopes, buffalo, giraffe, gnu, impala , hyena, zebra, rhinoceros, hippopota-mus, crocodile ,lion.

Humid Tropical Climate .Savanna climatic data. Serengeti, Tanzania,2º 25’ S, 34º 41’E

Have a look to this city too: Darwin, (Australia):12Á23’S 130Á 44’E

Total annual rainfall: 1492mm Average temperature: 26ºC

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P 94 99 136 137 64 27 12 25 31 42 96 111 874mm

T 27 27 27 26 25 25 25 25 27 27 26 26 26Á

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD DESERT

A hot climate. They are located between 15º and 30º either side of the equator. These areas remain hot and dry for most of the year. Many people think there is no rain in deserts. Rain does occur, however, but not very frequently. When it does rain, it is usually very heavy and for only a short period of time. The soils are characterised by the general lack of organic content. Average temperature: 20ºC Total annual rainfall: less than 250mm

Vegetation

Desert plants have two main adaptations: Ability to collect and store water. Features that reduce water loss. Cactus, Aloe Yuca Dragon tree

Animals

camels

Small mammals: Fat sand rat, jerboa Birds of prey: vultures Carnivores: dingo, fennec fox Reptiles: Desert horned viper, Sidewinder

Hot Desert climatic data.

LAS VEGAS , CLARK COUNTY , EEUU, is at about 36.08°N 115.16°W. Height about 659m / 2162 feet above sea level.

Another example: Ain Salah , (Algeria):27º 13’N2º 28’E Total annual rainfall: 144 mm Average temperatura 21ºC


°C 7.5 10.6 13.5 17.8 23.3 29.3 32.8 31.5 26.9 20.1 12.7 7.6 19.5

mm 9.3 10.4 14.9 8.6 6.0 4.3 11.1 13.9 10.1 6.6 8.6 8.8 113.2

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

TEMPERATE CLIMATES

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vegetation

Vegetation ,generally has small, dark leaves, covered with a waxy outer layer to retain moisture in the dry summer month Evergreen trees, Dehesa Corn oak Holm oak Fig tree Olive tree Pine, Bush, shrub Rosemary, Basil Lavander, heather

MEDITERRANEAN FOREST

A temperate climate. These areas are mainly located between 30º and 40º either side of the equator and, like Savanna areas, they have two distinct seasons: hot, dry summers, and warm, wet winters. Mediterranean regions have poor soils, so they are vulnerable to degradation by human activities. Average Temperature:10º/20º Total annual Rainfall:800mm

Fauna Invertebrates, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. Fox, rabbits, hare, lynx, wolf, deer Stork, black stork, vulture, black vul-ture, Spanish Imperial Eagle, wild boar, wild goat

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

Vegetation Bush, shrub: arbustos Rosemary, romero Basil: albahaca Lavander: lavanda Heather: brezo

MEDITERRANEAN FOREST

BADAJOZ/ TALAVERA LA REAL is at about 38.88°N 6.80°W. Height about 185m / 606 feet above sea level.

ATHENS(HELLINIKON) is at about 37.90°N 23.70°E. Height about 28m / 91 feet above sea level.

Another example:Seville:37º 29’ N 05º 59’W

Total annual rainfall: 534 mm Average temperature: 18.6º C

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

°C 8.8 10.1 12.2 14.5 18.1 22.3 25.5 25.1 22.6 17.5 12.4 9.1 16.5

mm 54.7 54.1 52.6 46.9 38.9 20.1 4.1 5.2 25.9 52.6 59.5 56.2 474.4


°C 10.2 10.8 12.3 16.1 20.6 25.1 27.9 27.8 24.3 19.3 15.3 12.0 18.5

mm 48.0 41.0 41.2 23.4 17.9 7.4 5.0 7.6 9.8 53.0 55.3 61.8 371.4

Vegetation

There are typical species from both tropical: bamboo, and temperate latitudes: oak, pine.

Humid Sub-tropical Forest

The humid subtropical climate is found on the east coast of continents between 20o and 40o N and S latitude. The humid subtropical climate can be found in the southeastern United States, southeastern South America; coastal southeast South Africa; eastern Australia; eastern Asia from northern India through south China to Japan.

Forest are leafier and denser because of the hot, humid summers.

Average temeperature between 10 º and 20º.

Annual total rainfall over 1000 mm, rain specially in summer.

Monsoon climate has torrential rainfall from June to September.

Fauna

Deer

foxes

Larks ( alondras)

Giant panda

Red panda

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

Humid sub-tropical forest climatic data.

BEIJING , China, is at about 39.93°N 116.20°E.

TOKYO is at about 35.68°N 139.69°E. Height about 5m / 16 feet above sea level.

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD


°C -4.6 -1.8 4.7 13.6 20.0 24.4 26.0 24.7 19.8 12.6 3.9 -2.6 11.8

mm 3.9 4.7 8.2 18.4 33.0 78.1 224.3 170.0 58.4 18.0 9.3 2.7 635.3


°C 3.6 4.3 7.4 13.0 17.3 20.8 24.7 26.1 22.4 16.5 11.1 6.1 14.5

mm 49.9 71.5 106.4 129.2 144.0 176.0 135.6 148.5 216.4 194.1 95.6 54.4 1523.1

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD DECIDUOUS FOREST

A temperate climate. Temperate deciduous forests are found in the middle latitudes around the globe, 40º and 60º either side of the equator and have four distinct seasons: Spring, Summer, autumn, and Winter Most of these areas have cool summers, mild winters and approximately even distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The soil in the deciduous forests is quite fertile, since it is often enriched with falling leaves, twigs, logs, and dead organisms. Average temperature: 10º/15º Total annual rainfall: 800mm

Animals

squirrels, rabbits, skunks,

Racoon: mapache birds :bald eagle goshawk, tur-

key deer,

mountain lion, bobcat,

wolf, fox, and black bear

Vegetation

Deciduous means “the trees lose their leaves” in winter. Elm , Maple Walnuts Willow, Beech, ( beechwood) Oak, Chestnut Cherry tree Blackberry, blueberry, raspberry , gooseberry and spring-flowering herbs

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD DECIDUOUS FOREST

Twigs: ramitas Logs: troncos

Animals

Skunks: mofeta Beaver: castor Otter: nutria

Groundhog: marmota Racoon: mapache birds :bald eagle goshawk,: azor mountain lion,

Lynx: lince, black bear: oso pardo

Vegetation Elm: olmo Maple: [ (mā′pəl) arce Walnuts: nogal Willow: sauce Beech, : haya( beechwood) Oak: roble Chestnut: castaño Cherry tree: cerezo Blackberry:mora Blueberry: arándano raspberry: frambuesa Gooseberry: grosella

Vigo, Spain. 42ÁN,8Á43’ W

Another example: London , (United Kigdom):51º 30’ N0º 07’ E

Total annual rainfall:584mm—Average temperatura:11ºC

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Mes Temperatura Precipitaciones

Enero 8,3 255

Febrero 9,3 219

Marzo 10,9 145

Abril 11,9 148

Mayo 14,0 141

Junio 17,3 73

Julio 19,4 43

Agosto 20,5 40

Septiembre 18,0 113

Octubre 14,6 215

Noviembre 11,3 228

Diciembre 9,2 229

Total 13,7Á 1849mm

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Coniferuous Forest: Taiga

A temperate climate. Conifers can survive very cold winter tempera-tures thanks to the shape of their leaves ( like needles), and their crowns, which are similar to a cone and allow snow to fall off. The soil is poor in nutrients because leaves de-compose very slowly. The soil is acidic due to the falling pine needles, the forest floor has only lichens and some mosses growing on it. Average temperature: 0º/10º Total annual rainfall: Between 300 and 1000 mm

Animals squirrels, rabbits,

skunks, (mofeta) birds :bald eagle goshawk,

deer, wolf,

fox, and black bear

Vegetation Larch (alerce) Fir /fɜː(r)/ , (abeto) Pine There also some broadleaves trees, like birch ( abedul), aspen ( chopo), willow (sauce). We can also find lots of berries, (bayas):

MOSKVA is at about 55.75°N 37.50°E

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD


°C -10.3 -9.1 -4.1 4.4 12.2 16.3 18.5 16.7 10.9 4.2 -2.0 -7.5 4.1

mm 34.4 29.0 32.7 38.2 51.0 65.6 81.5 71.8 57.7 50.4 44.1 42.4 600.6

COLD CLIMATES

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BIOMES OF THE W0RLD TUNDRA

Cold climates Polar climate Polar climates are found above 60º in both the northern and southern hemisphere. Rainfall in these areas is usually low because the air is so cold. Temperatures reach a summer maximum, which allows some of the frozen land to thaw. The freezing climate of the Arctic produces a layer of permanently frozen soil, called permafrost. Average temperature: always below 0ºC. Total annual rainfall: Less than 250mm

Vegetation

Below a thin layer of tundra soil is permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of ground. During the brief summers, the top section of the soil may thaw just long enough to allow plants, and microorganisms to grow and reproduce. Lichens: They are composed of a fungus and an algae living and growing together Moss, Small shrubs, small herbs, low shrubs.

Animals

seals Birds: snowy owl Mammals: Artic hare Artic fox, Caribou, reindeer Moose: alce Norway lemming, Polar bear, Sled dogs

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD Alpine landscapes

Cold climates In alpine landscapes, the vegetation is in tiers (capas) The higher you go, the poorer the vegetation; forest is replaced by bushes, grassland, and in the highest regions, moss. After a certain altitude, the vegetation disap-pears. Winters are cold and summers cool Average temperature and rainfall depends on the region where the mountain is located.

Vegetation Low grass Shrubs Flowering plants edelwiess

Animals

Ibex Llama Variety of birds condor

Verkhoyansk, (Russia)

67º 33’N

133º 22’E

Total annual rainfall: 150mm

Average winter temperature:-40ºC

Average summer temperature:8ºC

BIOMES OF THE W0RLD

biomes of the world (2)

Environment