BioMEMS, Bio-Nanotechnology, BioMEMS, Bio-Nanotechnology, and Agricultural Researchand Agricultural Research

Michael R. Ladisch, Rashid Bashir, Arun BhuniaMichael R. Ladisch, Rashid Bashir, Arun Bhunia

Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering,Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering,

Departments of ABE, ECE, BME and Food ScienceDepartments of ABE, ECE, BME and Food Science

Schools of Agriculture and EngineeringSchools of Agriculture and Engineering

Purdue UniversityPurdue University

Multi-disciplinaryMulti-disciplinary

Engineering

Medicine

Agriculture

Science

BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Nanoscience and NanotechnologyNanoscience and Nanotechnology

Nanoscience:Nanoscience:Fabrication, study and modeling of devices Fabrication, study and modeling of devices and and structures where at least one dimension is 200 structures where at least one dimension is 200

nm nm or smaller.or smaller.Nanotechnology:Nanotechnology:

Enables devices that are compact, portable, Enables devices that are compact, portable, energy efficient, integrate sensing, and carry energy efficient, integrate sensing, and carry out out complex functions of a full-scale laboratory complex functions of a full-scale laboratory BioMEMSBioMEMS

Bio electromechanical systemsBio electromechanical systems

NanotechnologyNanotechnology

Human HairHuman Hair 75 µm75 µm

Feature Size Feature Size

10nm10nm

100nm100nm

1µm1µm

10µm10µm

1nm1nm

0.1nm0.1nm

100µm100µm

Nanotechnology: Size and ScaleNanotechnology: Size and Scale

Plant and Animal CellsPlant and Animal Cells

Most BacteriaMost Bacteria

TransistorTransistor

0.18µm0.18µm

VirusVirus

ProteinsProteins

LysozymeLysozyme

Carbon Carbon Nano-tubesNano-tubes

AtomsAtomsCooper, 2001Cooper, 2001

Per

form

ance

Per

form

ance

TimeTime19001900 19501950 20002000 20502050

Evolution of TechnologiesEvolution of Technologies

Vacuum TubeVacuum TubeTechnologyTechnology

RadioRadio

RadarRadar

TelevisionTelevision

SemiconductorSemiconductorTechnologyTechnology

TransistorTransistorRadioRadio

ComputersComputers

CellCellPhonesPhones The InternetThe Internet

NanotechnologyNanotechnology

““Wearable” WirelessWearable” Wireless

Internet AppliancesInternet Appliances

Molecular ElectronicsMolecular Electronics

Nano-RobotsNano-Robots

Cooper, 2001Cooper, 2001

Branches of NanotechnologyBranches of Nanotechnology

Electronic NanotechnologyElectronic Nanotechnology

Micro-MechanicalMicro-Mechanical

Systems (MEMS)Systems (MEMS)

MicrofluidicsMicrofluidics

& Bio-Chips& Bio-Chips

Biochip: Biochip: Smaller than a Postage stampSmaller than a Postage stamp

Glass cover

In/Out ports

Channels/Wells

Epoxy adhesive

Pin

sealed channels and wells sealed channels and wells (volume of 1 to 10 nL/well)(volume of 1 to 10 nL/well)

electrodes for detectionelectrodes for detection

connecting padsconnecting pads

fluidic I/O portsfluidic I/O ports

10 mm

Bashir et al.

Role of BiotechnologyRole of Biotechnology

ProvidesProvides

BioreceptorsBioreceptors

Biomarkers (targets)Biomarkers (targets)

Knowledge of mechanismsKnowledge of mechanisms

Interfaces macro- and nano-worldsInterfaces macro- and nano-worlds

Templates for design of small devicesTemplates for design of small devices

DNA mRNA ProteinDNA mRNA Protein

Information

Information

Polymer of Polymer of Amino AcidsAmino Acids

Component for MachineComponent for Machine

Assembly Point Disbands

Opportunities for ResearchOpportunities for Research

Design and Assemble Technology PlatformDesign and Assemble Technology Platform

Chips Chips

ReceptorsReceptors

Bioseparations Bioseparations

Signal TransductionSignal Transduction

Interface Hardware and SoftwareInterface Hardware and Software

Component Assembly and Packaging Component Assembly and Packaging

Technology IssuesTechnology Issues

We must know:We must know:

Target molecule and its receptorTarget molecule and its receptor

Threshhold for detection (sensitivity)Threshhold for detection (sensitivity)

We must achieve: We must achieve:

Rapid sampling and conditioning Rapid sampling and conditioning

Specificity for target over biomoleculesSpecificity for target over biomolecules

High signal to noiseHigh signal to noise

The VisionThe VisionDetect Gene Expression ProductsDetect Gene Expression Products

ApplicationsApplicationsFood, AgricultureFood, AgricultureBiosecurityBiosecurityAnimal HealthAnimal HealthMedicineMedicine

Research, Industry, Hospital, HomeResearch, Industry, Hospital, Home

Applications in Agriculture Applications in Agriculture For For Example-Example-What is the cost of undetected pathogens?What is the cost of undetected pathogens?

Food ProductsFood Products

$13.1 billion in soda pop$13.1 billion in soda pop

7.5 billion in breakfast cereals7.5 billion in breakfast cereals

60.0 billion in fresh meats60.0 billion in fresh meats

Branded meats, precooked products, Branded meats, precooked products,

micro-waveable red meatsmicro-waveable red meats

Livestock, poultryLivestock, poultry

Sales figures from Kilman, Wall Street Journal, Feb 20, 2002Sales figures from Kilman, Wall Street Journal, Feb 20, 2002

BioMEMS - Devices and SystemsBioMEMS - Devices and Systems

PacemakerPacemaker

Drug Delivery

Polymers

OrgansOrgans

Biochips

Organic/BiologicalInorganic

Nano-bio

Combine micro and nano devices with biologyCombine micro and nano devices with biologyat the molecular levelat the molecular level

Implanted Diagnostic and Therapeutic DevicesImplanted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Devices

Bottom

s-Up

Tissues

Drug Delivery

ImplantsImplants

Specific Objectives of National Specific Objectives of National Research ProgramResearch Program

1. Identify systems unique to agriculture1. Identify systems unique to agriculture

(cell membranes, starches, cellulose, oils)(cell membranes, starches, cellulose, oils)

2. Study biology of self-assembly processes2. Study biology of self-assembly processes

3. Apply to design, fabrication of BioMEMS3. Apply to design, fabrication of BioMEMS

a. Tubesa. Tubes

b. Channelsb. Channels

c. Surfacesc. Surfaces

Case studies must be agriculturally relatedCase studies must be agriculturally related

Potential Outcomes and ImpactsPotential Outcomes and Impacts

1.1. Bio-inspired design of inorganic devicesBio-inspired design of inorganic devices

2.2. Methods for mass-producing components for Methods for mass-producing components for BioMEMS through agricultureBioMEMS through agriculture

a. A new fiber (cotton?) industrya. A new fiber (cotton?) industry

b. Self assembling oilsb. Self assembling oils

c. Bio-based materialsc. Bio-based materials

3. Sampling methods and detection of pathogens3. Sampling methods and detection of pathogens

Research Budget EstimateResearch Budget Estimate

1.1. Bio-inspired assembly processesBio-inspired assembly processes

$ 1 million / year$ 1 million / year

2.2. Methods for assembling nano-components Methods for assembling nano-components into micro-devices $1 million /yearinto micro-devices $1 million /year

3.3. Applications testing in the fieldApplications testing in the field

$ 1 million / year$ 1 million / year