biomedical wearable device for remote monitoring ofphysiological signals

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A BIOMEDICAL WEARABLE DEVICE FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS

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Page 1: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

A BIOMEDICAL WEARABLE

DEVICE FOR REMOTE

MONITORING OF

PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS

Page 2: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

College Name

Page 3: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

HODs Name

Page 4: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Students Name

Page 5: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

A BIOMEDICAL WEARABLE

DEVICE FOR REMOTE

MONITORING OF

PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS

Using MICROCONTROLLER

Page 6: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Early diagnosis as well as a healthy and preventive lifestyle can help slowing the

onset of many health problems and save millions of lives per year.

To achieve this objective, long-term monitoring of human vital signs are required to

obtain knowledge on a person's health status. Continuous monitoring of vital signs

is mandatory.

Clothing is like a second skin to us: intelligent biomedical clothes may make

everyday life easier for people in poor health, helping them to lead productive lives,

senior citizens and also for athletes.

Clothing means fashion and fun: smart clothes will combine health problem

prevention, entertainment, comfort, convenience and communication with fashion

This paper presents essential issues in wearable electronics, including interface

with the garment, signal sensing, on-body diagnosis and on-body and

communication

Developments in telecommunication, information technology and computers are

the main technical tools for Telemedicine (Telecare, Telehealth, e-health) now

being introduced in health care.

Page 7: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Telemedicine - medicine at a distance - provides among the many

possibilities offered the tools for doctors to more easily consult each

other. For individuals, e.g. with chronic diseases, Telemedicine means the

possibility to stay in contact with their health care provider for medical

advice or even to be alerted if something begins to go wrong with their

health. This opens up new possibilities for personalised health and health

care.

In line with this, ongoing cutting edge research in fields such as textiles,

biomedical sensors and mobile communication could pave the way to a

better life for a large number of patients.

To bring these disciplines together and try to reach a critical mass for

Research and Development (R&D), the first workshop on Intelligent

Biomedical Clothing (IBC) was organised in Brussels by the European

Commission (EC), Information Society Technologies Programme (IST),

on 26 April 2002.

Page 8: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Intelligent biomedical clothing and textiles have the potential to substantially

change the provision of health and health care services for large population

groups, e.g. those suffering from chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular,

diabetes, respiratory and neurological disorders) and the elderly with specific

needs. Smart sensor systems and new approaches to analyse and interpret data

together with cost-effective telematics approaches can fundamentally change

the interface between citizen/patient and the health care provider.

Page 9: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Biomedical clothing and functional textiles were believed in the workshop to be

a key enabler technology for cost-effective disease management as well as for

prevention. Fitness and health are trendy and are becoming a life style.

Biomedical fashion (rather than clothes) offers a unique opportunity to

seamlessly integrate health care into the daily lives of citizens.

The first category includes clothes that can be relatively cumbersome and

heavy. For the second one, the clothes should be easy to wear, elegant, light,

etc. This evolution naturally follows the transition from the "retrofit" approach to

the fully "integrated" approach

The first one has to do with the intelligent retrofit of existing tools and sensors

on regular clothes. This gives, even today, prototypes that can shortly become

products. This is a short to medium term approach. The second approach is the

medium to long term and has to do with the full integration of

sensors/actuators, energy sources, processing and communication within the

clothes.

Page 10: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

ABOUT THE PROJECTThe Scope of this Project is to develop a Hi end technology oriented

system, which constantly monitors the health status of a person and if

any abnormalities found, the data will be immediately transferred to

the nearest location and the appropriate action can be taken

The Project is a working model, which incorporates the following

sensors, which was networked called as ‘Embedded Biomedical

Sensors Network’ – ECG Sensor, Heart Beat Sensor, Body

Temperature and Respiratory Temperature.

We will have a Coat, which is called as Biomedical Wearable Coat,

which will have the sensor network of ECG Sensor for ECG

Monitoring, Heart Beat Sensor for Heart / Pulse rate Monitoring, Body

Temperature Monitoring and Respiratory Temperature, fixed in the

Coat and easy wearable and operated through 9V Battery

Page 11: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Project Consists

Microcontroller Board

Interface Circuit

Sensors & Transducers

Signal Conditioning Board

Alarm

RF Transmitter

RF Receiver

9v Battery for Power Source

Page 12: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals
Page 13: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

HEART BEAT RATE & MONITORING

Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the

cardiac cycle. It is considered one of the four vital signs.

Usually it is calculated as the number of contractions

(heart beats) of the heart in one minute and expressed as

"beats per minute" (bpm).

When resting, the adult human heart beats at about 70

bpm (males) and 75 bpm (females), but this rate varies

among people. However, the reference range is

nominally between 60 bpm (if less termed bradycardia)

and 100 bpm (if greater, termed tachycardia). The pulse

rate (which in most people is identical to the heart rate)

can be measured at any point on the body where an artery

is close to the surface, such places like wrist & finger

Page 14: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

ECG MONITORING

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart. A painless test during which

electrodes are placed on the chest to monitor and record the electrical impulses that

causes the heart to beat. By examining the pattern of impulses, a doctor can diagnose

rhythm abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation or other heart problems, such as heart

attack

We will use 3 Op AMP circuits and take three different data readings, which will

display 3 different signals. Once these signals are displayed in a screen

Parameters

Intervals - PQ, PR, QRS, QT, RT, ST, RR

Amplitudes - P, Q, R, S, T waves

Other Parameters - # Abnormals, # Normals, QTD (QT dispersion), HR (Heart Rate)

Three Electrode System

RA, LA, and LL, for bipolar leads 1,2,3, one pair is selected for monitoring and the

other one is used as a ground. For augmented leads avR, avL, avF, one is exploring

lead and the other two are connected to Zero potential.

Rate – 60 to 100 per minute, with less than 10% variation

Page 15: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

BODY TEMPERATURE

Body temperature is a measure of the body's ability to generate and get

rid of heat. The body is very good at keeping its temperature within a

narrow, safe range in spite of large variations in temperatures outside the body

A normal body temperature is usually referred to as an oral temperature of 98.6 °F (37 °C), but that is an average of normal body temperatures

Thermistor is used for the measurement of body temperature. This

thermistor is a passive transducer where output depends on the excitation

voltage applied to it. We have arranged the thermistor in the form of

potential driver in the circuit.

Page 16: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals
Page 17: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals
Page 18: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

SOFTWARE

• WINDOWS OS.

• MPLAB / PICC

• EMBEDDED VISUAL BASIC

Page 19: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

MODULES

• ATMEL MICROCONTROLLER BOARD

DESIGN.

• SIGNAL CONDITIONING BOARD.

• RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT.

• MAX 232 SERIAL INTERFACE.

Page 20: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM

�Very user-friendly

�Cost-effective solution

�Easy to handle

�Anybody can understand the

parameters easily

Page 21: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

Page 22: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

INTRODUCTION

� EMBEDDED SYSTEM is a combination of Software and Hardware.

� These are processors, arrays or other hardware using dedicated (embedded) logic or programming (code) called “firmware” or a “microkernel

� An Embedded system is a system, that has a computing device embedded into it.

� Embedded systems are designed around a µC which integrates memory & peripherals.

Page 23: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF

EMBEDDED SYSTEMSEMBEDDED SYSTEMSEMBEDDED SYSTEMSEMBEDDED SYSTEMS

• Sophisticated functionality

• Real-time operation

• Low manufacturing cost

• Low power Consumption

• Smarter Products and Smaller Sizes

• Built in Rich Features

• Less Down Time for Maintenance

Page 24: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

EMBEDDED SYSTEMSEMBEDDED SYSTEMSEMBEDDED SYSTEMSEMBEDDED SYSTEMS

MICROCONTROLLERSMICROCONTROLLERSMICROCONTROLLERSMICROCONTROLLERS• Microcontroller is a highly integrated chip that

contains all the components comprising a

controller.

• Typically, this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of

ROM, I/O ports, and timers. A Microcontroller is

designed for a very specific task – to control a

particular system.

• As a result, the parts can be simplified and

reduced, which cuts down on production costs

Page 25: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

BENEFITS OF EMBEDDED BENEFITS OF EMBEDDED BENEFITS OF EMBEDDED BENEFITS OF EMBEDDED

CONTROL DESIGNCONTROL DESIGNCONTROL DESIGNCONTROL DESIGN

• Eliminates necessity of complex

circuitry

• Smarter products

• Smaller size

• Lower cost

• User friendly

• State of the art technology

Page 26: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

The Hardware and the Software to control the hardware is present in the same system. Such a system is called Embedded System.

Eg. Washing Machine Control, Missile Launching System etc.

Difference between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

MICROPROCEESOR MICROCONTROLLER

1. No memory Got Separate ROM and RAM

2. No I/O Ports In built Ports Available

3. No Timers Internal Timers Available

4. No Serial Port In built Serial Port for Serial Communication

5. Von Neumann Architecture Harvard Architecture

Page 27: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

INPUT DEVICE OUTPUT DEVICE

MC

PORT

I/P DEVICE MC

PORT

O/P DEVICE

Page 28: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

MICROCONTROLLER

PIC

16F877

Page 29: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

MICROCHIP SERIES – PIC 16F877

BASIC FEATURES:

Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input

Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory

Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)

Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory

5 Input / Output Ports – 33 Pins

Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)

Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator forreliable operation

In-Circuit Debugging via two pins

Page 30: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

BASIC FEATURES contd…

Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit pre scaler

Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler

Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, pre scaler and post scaler

Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules

10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter

Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit address detection

Page 31: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

INPUT - OUTPUT PORTS

There are 5 I/O Ports available in PIC.

They are

� PORT A = = => 6 PINS

� PORT B = = => 8 PINS

� PORT C = = => 8 PINS

� PORT D = = => 8 PINS

� PORT E = = => 3 PINS

� TOTAL = = => 33 PINS

Page 32: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

INITIALIZATION OF PORTS

The I/O ports are initialized as follows:

TRIS <> 0 => OUTPUT

PORT name 1 = > INPUT

For Example to initialize PORTD as output means

TRISD = 0x00;

and as input means

TRISD = 0xFF;

Page 33: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

OUT LINE OF AN EMBEDDED C PROGRAM

#include<pic.h> /* Header File */

/* Global Variable Declaration */

/* Function Prototypes */

Void main(void)

{

while(1)

{

All the executable statements

}

}

Functions if any…

Page 34: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

28/40-PIN 8-BIT CMOS FLASH MICROCONTROLLERS

MICROCONTROLLER CORE FEATURESMICROCONTROLLER CORE FEATURESMICROCONTROLLER CORE FEATURESMICROCONTROLLER CORE FEATURES§ High performance RISC CPU

§ Only 35 single word instructions to learn

§ All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycle

§ Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle

§ Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory, Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data

Memory (RAM), Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory

§ Pinout compatible to the PIC16C73B/74B/76/77

§ Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)

§ Eight level deep hardware stack

§ Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes

§ Power-on Reset (POR)

§ Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

PIC16F877PIC16F877PIC16F877PIC16F877

Page 35: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

§ Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable

operation

§ Programmable code protection

§ Power saving SLEEP mode

§ Selectable oscillator options

§ Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM technology

§ Fully static design

§ In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingC (ICSP) via two pins

§ Single 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming capability

§ In-Circuit Debugging via two pins

§ Processor read/write access to program memory

§ Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V

§ High Sink/Source Current: 25 mA

§ Commercial, Industrial and Extended temperature ranges

§ Low-power consumption: < 0.6 mA typical @ 3V, 4 MHz, 20 µA typical @

3V, 32 kHz, < 1 µA typical standby current

Page 36: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

PERIPHERAL FEATURES

Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during SLEEP via

external crystal/clock

Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules

·Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns

·Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns

·PWM max. resolution is 10-bit

10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter

Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (Master mode) and I2CI (Master/Slave)

Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-

bit address detection

Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-

pin only)

Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset (BOR)

Page 37: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

PIC16F877 CKT Description

The PIC Microcontroller board consists of circuits necessary to operate a

Microcontroller with PC interface. The board contains provisions for

interfacing 8 analog inputs and 23 Digital level signals. The Description of

the circuit is given below.

Analog inputs:

Pin no 2 to 10 can be used to connect any analog signals of range 0-5v.

Digital signals:

As mentioned in the circuit the pin outs from the port is taken to a 26 pin

FRC connector through which we can connect our Digital level signals 0 or 5

volts

Page 38: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

Clock:

The PIC16F877 can be operated in Four Different oscillator modes. The user can

program two configuration bits FOSC1 and FOSC0 to select one of these four

modes.

*LP - Low Power crystal

*XT - crystal / resonator

*HS - High speed crystal/resonator

*RC - Resistor capacitor

The clock we have used is 10 MHZ which full under HS category.

MCLR/VPP

This is master clear input pin to the IC. A logic low signal will generate a reset

signal to the microcontroller. So we have tied this pin to VCC for the proper

operation of the microcontroller.

Page 39: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

TXD and RXD:

TO communicate with the outside world the

microcontroller has an inbuilt USART. The O/P and I/P

line from the USART is taken and given to a MAX232

IC for having communication with the PC. Since we

have used comport for interfacing the microcontroller.

VCC and Ground:

Pin no 32, 11 are tied to VCC and pin no 31, 12 are

grounded to provide power supply to the chip

Page 40: Biomedical Wearable Device For Remote Monitoring Ofphysiological Signals

•Thanking You