Biomaterials for Lower-Limb Bone Repair

Matt Stone Nurul Matkamil

Outline:

Introduction a. Bone structure and properties b. Ideal criteria for biomaterials used in bone repair History and examples of biomaterials: a. Grafts b. Metal c. Ceramics d. Polymer Future outlook Conclusion

2

Bone structure and properties

3

Key Terms Osteoconductivity

Osteoinductivity

Osteogenicity

4

History

5

History

6

Challenges

7

Grafts

Allograft Graft from donor of the

same species

Autograft Graft taken from the

patient’s own body

8

Grafts

9

Grafts

10

Metals Internal fixation

Partial arthroplasty of the knee, hip, or ankle

Total arthroplasty of the knee, or hip

11

Metals

Stainless steel Older uses

Co-Cr alloys Current staple

Titanium alloys Newer and promising

12

Metals

13

Metals

14

Metals

15

Ceramics

• Alumina • Bioglass • Hydroxyapatite

16

Alumina

17

Alumina

18

Bioglass

19

Hydroxyapatite (HA)

20

Hydroxyapatite (HA)

21

Polymers

PMMA Bone cement

High density polyethylene Low friction interface

Hydrogel Scaffolding

22

Polymers

23

Polymers

24

Polymers

25

Composites and Others

Metal coated with hydroxyapatite

Polymer-ceramics: collagen and hydroxyapatite

Inject bone marrow, growth factors, and bone morphogenic protein

26

Future Outlook

Nanoengineering biocompatible surfaces for adhesion of osteogenic entities

Carbon nanotube re-enforcement

Tissue engineering

27

Future Outlook

28

Summary

29

Conclusion

Bone is the ideal material

Current methods for procuring bone still have challenges

Metal is the mainstay of lower-limb reconstruction

Combinations of materials work even better

30

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Ficai, Anton et al. (2011) “Advances in Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composite Materials”. InTech. Available: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-composite-materials-for-medicine-and-nanotechnology/advances-in-collagen-hydroxyapatite-composite-materials [Sep 22, 2012]

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Biomaterials for Lower-Limb Bone RepairOutline:Bone structure and propertiesKey TermsHistoryHistoryChallengesGraftsGraftsGraftsMetalsMetalsMetalsMetalsMetalsCeramicsAluminaAluminaBioglassHydroxyapatite (HA)Hydroxyapatite (HA)PolymersPolymersPolymersPolymersComposites and OthersFuture OutlookFuture OutlookSummaryConclusionSlide Number 31ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences