biomaterials and their applications
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BIOMATERIALS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Presented by:Arzaga, LeahDayap, Benjie LynDula, ChristineGalicia, Julienne
March 3, 2014
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What is Biomaterial?
A biomaterial is a nonviable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems. (Williams, 1987)
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History More than 2000 years ago, Romans and Chinese used gold
in dentistry. 1860's: Lister develops aseptic surgical technique early 1900's: Bone plates used to fix fractures 1930's: Introduction of stainless steel, cobalt chromium
alloys 1937 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) introduced in
dentistry. 1938 : first total hip prosthesis (P. Wiles) 1940's: Polymers in medicine: PMMA bone repair; cellulose
for dialysis; nylon sutures
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History 1952: Mechanical heart valve 1953: Dacron (polymer fiber) vascular grafts 1958: Cemented (PMMA) joint replacement 1960: first commercial heart valves 1970's: PEO (polyethyleneoxide) protein resistant thin film
coating 1976: FDA ammendment governing testing & production of
biomaterials /devices 1976: Artificial heart (W. Kolff, Prof. Emeritus U of U)
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Uses of BiomaterialsReplacement of diseased or damaged part:
Artificial hip joint, kidney
dialysis machine
Assist in healing:
Sutures, bone plates, and
screwsImprove function: Cardiac
pacemaker, intraocular
lensCorrect
functional abnormality:
Cardiac pacemaker
Correct cosmetic problem:
Augmentation mammoplasty,
chin augmentation
Aid to diagnosis: Probes and catheters
Aid to treatment: Catheters,
drains
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Characteristics of Biomaterials
Physical Requirements Hard Materials. Flexible Material.
Chemical Requirements Must not react with any tissue in the body. Must be non-toxic to the body. Long-term replacement must not be
biodegradable.
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7Main features for medical applications
Biofunctionality Playing a specific function in physical
and mechanical terms
Biocompatibility the ability of a material to perform in
an appropriate host response in a specific application.
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8Biocompatible material features
Absence of carcinogenicity (the ability or tendency to produce cancer)
Absence of immunogenicity (absence of a recognition of an external factor which could create rejection)
Absence of teratogenicity (ability to cause birth defects)
Absence of toxicity
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Metals
CompositeMaterials
Ceramics
Polymers
BIOMATERIALS
Orthopedic screws/fixation
Dental Implants
Dental Implants
Heart valves
Bone replacements
BiosensorsImplantable Microelectrodes
Skin/cartilageDrug
Delivery Devices Ocular
implants
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Materials for Use in the Body
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Biomaterials involved in Human Body
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Examples of Biomaterial Applications Intraocular Lenses Heart Valve Dental Implants Hip Replacements
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Intraocular Lenses
March 3, 2014
Monofocal lens
Multifocal or accommodative lenses
Toric IOL for astigmatism
Monofocal Lens (IOL).mp4
Accommodative Lens IOL.mp4
Toric Lens IOL.mp4
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Heart Valve Bioprosthetic Valves
porcine xenograft valves
bovine pericardial valves
allograft or homograft valves
Figure 1. Images of a porcine bioprosthetic valve xenograft (A), bovine pericardial valve (B), and a human aortic valve allograft (C), also called a homograft.
Vesely I Circulation Research. 2005;97:743-755
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Both the porcine and bovine valves are treated with glutaraldehyde before implantation. The homograft is stored frozen and implanted without any other chemical preparation and often without any tissue type matching.
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Heart Valve Mechanical Valves
Monoleaflet Valves
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Heart Valve Mechanical Valves
Bileaflet Valves
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Heart Valve Mechanical Valves
Caged Ball
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Dental Implants Small titanium fixture that
serves as the replacement for the root portion of a missing natural tooth.
Implant is placed in the bone of the upper or lower jaw and allowed to bond with the bone.
Most dental implants are: pure titanium screw-shaped cylinders that act as roots for crowns and bridges, or as supports for dentures.
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Dental Implants
Capable of bonding to bone, a phenomenon known as "osseointegration”.
Bio-inert, there is no reaction in tissue and no rejection or allergic reactions.
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Hip-ReplacementsNormal hip anatomy. A hip with osteoarthritis.
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Hip-Replacement
(Left) The individual components of a total hip replacement. (Center) The components merged into an implant. (Right) The implant as it fits into the hip.
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