biomass to energy potential on st. kitts & nevis
DESCRIPTION
Biomass To Energy Potential On St. Kitts & Nevis. Mark Lambrides (OAS/DSD) K.H. De Cuba (OAS/DSD) M. Rivera-Ramirez (ESG). Initial Stakeholders Meeting June13, 2006. Content. Introduction Mission Scope Possible Process Overview Challenges Opportunities Biomass Bio-Energy Assessment - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Biomass To Energy Potential On St. Kitts & Nevis
Mark Lambrides (OAS/DSD)K.H. De Cuba (OAS/DSD)M. Rivera-Ramirez (ESG)
Initial Stakeholders Meeting
June13, 2006
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Content
Introduction MissionScope
– Possible Process Overview
ChallengesOpportunitiesBiomassBio-Energy AssessmentFollow up
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Introduction
Justifications for Bio-Energy AssessmentShutdown of the sugar industry
– Unemployment– Decreased sources of income– Recent increase in sugar prices
Current waste management– Health impacts– Environmental impacts
High energy prices– High cost of diesel import for electricity generation– High cost of transportation fuels– Dependent on external geo-political forces
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Introduction
Sugar cane scenario overview (1)
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Sugar Cane Sugar Molasses
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Introduction
Sugar cane scenario overview (2)
Area under cultivation*: 7,000 acres
Quantity produced 170, 000 tons
Molasses*: 5,000 tons
Sugar production*: 14,000 tons
Efficiency*: 8.24 tons sugar/tons of sugarcane
Typical efficiencies: 11.2 tons sugar/tons of sugarcane
Sugar price*:
Current average world sugar price: .17 US$/lb
Unemployment post closure: 2,000 people
*2004 figures
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Introduction
Current energy scenario overview
Current installed capacity: 33.5 MW (2005)
Peak demand: 20 MW
Firm capacity: 19 MW
Demand Growth from 2005-2015: 84.5%
Average electricity price in St. Kitts: .169 US$/kWh (2005)*
Average electricity price in USA: .076 US$/kWh (2004)
*At diesel fuel cost of 1.588 US$/gal, currently diesel fuel cost is 3.37 US$/gal
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Introduction
Current waste scenario overview
Quantity produced*: 17,241 tons/year
Predicted landfill capacity: 14 years
Current landfill capacity**: 8 years
* Organic fraction of waste** Due to new land developments, without treatment or separation of waste streams
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Mission
• Find if there is reliable biomass feedstock supply for long term production
• Highlight commercially viable biomass to energy conversion approach
• Outline strategy for public-private partnership to develop biomass to energy
• Attract commercially proven developers to consider investment approach in SKN
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Scope
• Focused on sugarcane and municipal waste biomass availability on St. Kitts
• Focus on liquid biofuel and electric power production
• Potential for value-added products
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Possible Process OverviewSugarcane MSW
Separation
Biowaste streamBagasseSugar juice
Ethanol
Gasifier (other bioconversion
technologies)
Electricity Fly Ash / Fertilizer
X US$/ton
X m3X US$/m3
X US$/kWh
- Labour- Machinery- Fertilzers- Land- Transport X US$/ton
Tipping fee?
X US$/ton
What is price/ton in the Caribbean region?
Excess bagasse?
Current electricity price St. Kitts?
Process heat Combustion
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Challenges
Economies of scale– Modest biomass feedstock availability– Biomass conversion technologies
Land use competition
Information dissemination on sustainable alternatives– Familiarity with current methods of production
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Opportunities
Environmental/health benefits– CO2 reduction– Increased soil fertility– Sanitary issues
Job provision– Existence of skilled labor force
Energy securityEconomic
– Avoided investment cost: No need for additional landfill/waste management alternatives
– Decreased expenditures on electricity– Diversification of economic activities
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Biomass
Definition and Sources
Organic matter, matter from any living organism• Animal/human waste• Food crops• Grassy and woody plants• Residues from agriculture or forestry• Organic component of municipal and industrial
wastes
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Biomass
As a renewable fuel
No net carbon emissions – Carbon dioxide released when biomass is
used as fuel is balanced by the carbon dioxide captured when the biomass is grown
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BiomassConversionFeedstock
Supply
• Residues
• Dedicated Crops
Harvesting and Handling
•Collection •Processing •Storage•Transportation
ConversionThermochemical•Combustion•Gasification•Pyrolysis•OtherBiochemical•Anaerobic (fermentation)
•Anaerobic Digestion •Alcohol Fermentation
•Aerobic•Composting•Activated (oxygenated) waste treatment
•Direct HydrogenPhysicochemical •Oil extraction• Hydrocarbon extraction
UtilizationBiopower•Process and Space Heating•Power generationBiofuels•Ethanol•Biodiesel•Methanol•Pyrolisis liquids•Biogas (methane + CO2) including digester and landfill gas •Synthesis gases (CO + H2)(for further refinement to liquid/gaseous fuels) •Hydrogen•Charcoal •Biomass solids •OthersBioproducts •Citric and other acids •Composite materials •Fertilizer•Fibers •Lubricants •Others•Pesticides •Structural materials •Surfactants
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BiomassConversions of interest
Feedstock
ConversionThermochemical•Combustion•Gasification•OtherBiochemical•Anaerobic Digestion •Alcohol FermentationPhysicochemical •Oil extraction
UtilizationBiopower•Electrical Power Generation•Process HeatingBiofuels•Synthesis gases (CO + H2) (for further refinement to liquid/gaseous fuels) •Biogas (methane + CO2) including digester gas •Ethanol•Biodiesel•OthersBioproducts (chemicals and materials•Fertilizer
Combustion: direct-fired systems. They burn bio-energy feedstocks directly.
Gasification: biomass is heated with no oxygen or only about one-third the oxygen needed for efficient combustion. Biomass then gasifies to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen—synthesis gas or syngas.
Biochemical: relies on the abilities of specific microorganisms to convert biomass components to useful liquids and gases, as ethanol or methane.
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Bio Energy Assessment
Objective
Financial and economic analysis of a potential Domestic Bio-Energy Programme to test its commercially sustainability
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Bio Energy Assessment
Methodology
• Resource assessment (supply and demand)
• Technology identification
• Evaluate economic and financial feasibility of technologies given the resource availability
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Bio Energy Assessment
Resource Assessment (1)Agricultural cropsSugarcane or palm oil• Characteristics of sugar cane• Yields and land• Collection, processing, and transport• Residues generated• Storage
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Bio Energy Assessment
Resource Assessment (2)
Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge
• Characteristics of waste
• Quantities
• Collection and treatment
• Waste landfill capacity
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Bio Energy Assessment
Resource Assessment (3)
Additional market data
• Energy Needs Assessment– Current consumption
• Local markets for products
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Bio Energy Assessment
Technology identification
•Direct contact with experts and manufacturers
•Literature reviews and existing expertise
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Bio Energy Assessment
Economic and financial feasibility
Utilize feedstock supply, conversion and market data elements to evaluate feasibility of Domestic Bio-Energy Programme
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Follow Up
Bio-energy as part of the Sustainable Energy Plan (SEP)
•Legislation
•Social benefits
•Institutional capacity
•Power purchase agreements
•Investors workshop
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Follow Up
Plans for the assessment• Remainder of this week
– Data gathering interviews with stakeholders in St. Kitts and Nevis
• Preparation of preliminary assessment– Draft expected by end of August
• Stakeholder review and comment on draft• Presentation of findings• Initiative to facilitate development