biomass energy road map
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 1/33
The Road Map of ChineseBiomass Energy Development
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Prof. Chuangzhi Wu, Prof. Haibin LI
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 2/33
2
1. Biomass resources in China
2. Status of Biomass EnergyUtilization
3. Targets of R&D
4. Technology Road Maps
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 3/33
3
Significance of Biomass Energy in China
Increase the supply of clean energy
Promote rural economy
Improve environment protection
& sustainable development
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 4/33
4
Energy crops and plants industry are not established!
Straw from agriculture
650 Mton, 50% can beused as energy,
210 MTCE
Forest industry andtimber work waste:
270Mton, 30% can beused as energy, 50MTCE
Biogas from livestockexcreta and waste water100MTCE
Municipal solid waste155 Mton, about 25MTCE
Biomass EnergyPotential:
385 MTCE
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 5/33
5
1.1 Agricultural waste
The amount of straw that can be utilized as modernenergy increased by 1~2% every year.
60% of the total amount can be used as energy.
After 2030, about 400~500 mil. tons of straw canbe used as energy, 200~300 M TCE.
The consumption of straw for different
purposes(2004)
Unit: million tons
Total546
Consumption Potential as fuel
Returnto soil Feedstuff
Papermaking
290
Burned asfuel The rest
82 153 21 152 138
Power generation is the most efficient technologybefore the maturation of liquefaction
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 6/33
6
1.2 Forestry residues
125 million tons
71.66 M TCE
Logging and timber processing
77.60M tons44.23 MTCE
Firewood
48.13 M tons27.43 M TCE
The preferential option for forestry residues
should be raw materials for industries,then be used as fuel
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 7/337
1.3 Livestock excreta It is estimated that by the year of 2010 and 2020, the
excreta yield will be 2.5 and 4billion tons.
The collectable resource will be 180 and 290 M TCE
Complex composition and high water content
Low energy utilization Efficiency
Environmental protection requirement
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 8/33
8
1.4 Industrial organic wastes
50 billion m3 biogas can be produced fromfood processing wastes– 35 MTCE
1.5 Municipal solid waste
MSW production increased by 8% each year.More than 80% of the total was treated bylandfill.
Average calorific value of MSW : 4~5 MJ/kg
According to the data of 2004 (150 M tons)—25 M TCE.
If 10% used for energy—2.5 M TCE
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 9/33
9
1.5 Waste Vegetable Oil & Tallow
Waste oil and fat
1 million tons/year
Cottonseed Oil
1 million tons /year of cottonseedoil can be collected for biodiesel
production
1.6 million tons of cottonseed oil
9 million tons of cottonseed
4.86 million tons /year cottonproduction
Biodiesel: 2 million tons/year
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 10/33
10
1.6 Energy crops
Marginal Land Availability in China
32-75 million ha.
Set-aside land:7.34~9.37
million ha.
Energy crops
Cropland not in use in wintertime:-8.66 million ha.
Set aside woodland:
- 16~57 million ha.
Woody cropsExisting oil plant forest
3.43 million ha.
Biodiesel resource
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 11/33
11
Estimation: Energy crops
production
Set-aside land
7.34~9.37
million ha.
Oil
plant
Cropland not in use in wintertime
-8.66 million ha.
9.53 MTCE/yr
1.Biomass resources in China
Energy Crops Production Ethanol equivalence PotentialProductivity (ton/ha) (ton/ha) (MTCE/yr)
Sweetsorghum
40%
60-80(haulm)3-5(grain)
4-6 18.35
Sweetpotato 20%
15-20 2-3 3.67
Cassava20%
20-30 4-6 7.34
Sugar cane10%
60-70 4-6 3.67
Total 33.03
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 12/33
12
Estimation: Woody crops
Woody oil plant
4.1 million ha.
.Woody crops
8.9 million ha.
2010: 800 thousand ha. of woody oil plant
2020: 13 million ha. of woody plant, 54 million tons dry material
35 million TCE/yr
6.7 million tons of biodiesel
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 13/33
13
Biomass resource potential evaluation: MTCE Item 2006 2010 2020 2030 2050
Existing biomass resource 500 500 500 500 500
Utilized 220 200 180 150 100
Available 280 300 320 350 400
Increment of biomass resource 0 30 230 470 580
Agriculture and forest industy 20 140 300 400
Energy crops 10 40 70 80
Marginal land planting 0 50 100 100
Total 500 530 730 970 1080
Practically Available 280 330 550 820 980
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 14/33
14
a. Waste material
Large amount-cleanenergy
b. Energy crops Scale-up
c. Non-edible speciesFood security-Marginal land for
production
The potential biomass development capacity:
about 1 billion TCE
Types of Biomass Fundamentals
Marginal land development-
Protect existing cropland,forest and grassland
Development of energy cropagriculture and energy forestindustry-enlarge the supply of
biomass resource
Priority:Resource utilization and
environmental protection
1.Biomass resources in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 15/33
15
APower generation
BLiquid fuel
C
Gas fuel
D
Pelletized fuel
Types of
Biomass Energy
Utilization
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 16/33
16
Characteristics of Biomass utilization:About 14% of the primary energy consumption inthe world:
Outside China:
Power generation>Fuel ethanol>Biodiesel>Industrial biogas In China:
Household biogas>Fuel ethanol>others including powergeneration
The motivation differences:
Developed countries: CO2 emission reduction, environmentalprotection;
Developing countries: Energy supplements, promoteagriculture development
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 17/33
17
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
Market competition force
High subsidy
technologies
Low subsidytechnologies
Stage II
Stage I Stage IV
Stage III
Biodiesel from oilplants
Bioethanol fromsugar and starch P
r o f i t a b l e
p o i n t
Biodiesel fromwaste oil
Pelleting
Biogas
H2 from biomass
Bioethanol fromcellulose Synfuel from
gasification
Gsification power generation
Direct combustionpower generation
Polygenerationutilization
CHP Engineering demonstration
New technologiesneed to be explored
Advancedtechnologies
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 18/33
18
There stages of biomass utilization technology:
Commercialized technologies:
High subsidy technologies: Biodiesel from oil plants, bioethanol fromsugar and starch
Low subsidy technologies: Biogas, pelleting, direct combustion powergeneration
Engineering demonstration
Fuel ethanol from cellulose, gasification power generation, synfuel fromgasification, direct liquefaction, combined cooling-heating-powergeneration(CHP);
Technologies under development
Algae utilization, biosynthesis, H2 from biomass
Technologies need to be explored
Polygeneration, et al.
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 19/33
19
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
The trend of biomass energy utilization
Fuel ethanol
20102020
Pelleting
Biogas
Combustionpower
generation
Indirectliquefaction
Gasificationpower
generation
Biodiesel fromplant oil
Bioethanol fromcellulose
Directliquefaction
H2 from biomass
E n g i n e e r i n g
d e m o n s t r a t i o n
I n d u s t r y
d e m o n s t r a t i o n
C o m m e r c i a l i z a t
i o n
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 20/33
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 21/33
21
Trend of biomass power generation
Developments of different kinds of technologyCHP and comprehensive utilization
Small to medium scale and stand alone power
system
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
At present, power generation is still the maintechnology for biomass waste utilization
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 22/33
22
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
Factors affect the generation capacity
Factors Directcombustion
Gasification Remarks
Generation eff. >25MW >6MW Part of 12MW direct combustion
can also use high parameter
generation system
Biomass cost <10MW <10MW <60,000ton/yr
Investment&
management
>6MW >3MW
6MW-10MW, the bigger the better;
The capacity for direct combustion: 6-12MW
The capacity for gasification(BIGCC): 4-12MW;
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 23/33
23
Resourcecultivation andexploitation
Promote the
development of
liquid fuel-
substitution of fossil fuel
Clean fuel for rural area :
Fuel gas and solid fuel
Power generation,
comprehensiveutilization
Basic principles for the energy utilization of biomass
3.Targets of R&D in China
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 24/33
24
In the near future(2010):
Biomass power generation: 600MW
Biomass liquid fuel: 2 million ton/yr
3~5% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used
Mid-term target(2020)
Biomass power generation: 3000MW
Biomass liquid fuel: 15 million ton/yr
15~20% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used
Mid-term target(2030)
Biomass power generation: 5000MW
Biomass liquid fuel: 50 million ton/yr
30~40% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used
3.Targets of R&D
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 25/33
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 26/33
26
Component
separation
Non-edible
oil & fat
Hydrolysis
Pretreatment
Fermentation
Esterify
Pyrolysis &
catalytic
cracking
Gasification
Product
separation
Refining
Heat & Power
Liquid fuel
Chemicals
CH4/H2
Power
Synthesis
Combustion
Residue
Separation
Microbe
Gas fuel
Non-edible
sugar and
starch
Cellulose
Summary of technologies
4.Technology Road Maps
High moisture
content biomass
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 27/33
27
Ethene
Aceticacid
Heat/Power
SiO2
Fertilize
Technologies for bio-conversion
Feedingstuff
traw &sugarcrops
Ethanol
Butanol……
H2
CH4
S e p a
r a t i o n &
C o n c e n t r a t i n g
C o m b u s t i o n
Residue
Celluloseenzyme
Residue
Drying
Bacteriareconstruction
Micro-algae S
y n c h r o
f e r m e n t a t i o n
4.Technology Road Maps
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 28/33
28
Road Map for Biomass Bio-Conversion
DemonstrationPilot scale IndustrializationExplorationNearly zero
emission
Large scale
application
L a r g e s c a l e h i g h - g r a d e
c l e a n f u e l a p p l i c a t i o n
Pretreatment
Residuecombustion tech
Cellulosefermentation fuelethanol 3000t/Y
Cellulose ethanol10000t/Y
SiO2 from ash Coupled Vaporizedtech.
Solid statefermation
Large scaleapplication
Cellulose enzymesolid state
fermentation
2005 2010 2015 2020
Bench scale H2from micro-algae
H2 from micro-algae:demonstration
Genetic tech. forbacteria
cultivatio
Large scalebio-gas
application
Coupled tech. forCH4/H2 production
100M3 CH4/H2Demonstration
Continuousfermentation for
biogas
Large scale biogas10000M3
4.Technology Road Maps
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 29/33
29
Pyrolysisliquefaction
Catalytic de-oxygen
liquefaction
Bio-oil
Fuelgas
Separation Chemicals
Chemicalmodulation
Boiler Fuel
Catalyticsynthesis
Combustion
Diesel
Gasoline
Heat &Power
Methanol
Technologies for solid biomass thermal-chemical conversion
Fractionation
DME
CH4Gasification
H2
Syngas
Reforming
Refining
Vehicle fuel
4.Technology Road Maps
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 30/33
30
Road Map for biomass thermal chemical conversion
Advancedgasificaiton
Gas refinery
Demonstration>3000t/a
Indirect liquefation
>10000t/a
Pilot scale
1000t/a
Syngas synthesis
>3000t/a
2007 2010 2015 2020
Industrialization ofBIGCC
BIGCC Large scale application
CO2 richsynthesis
Pilot scale1000t/a
1000t/aSelectivity
liquefaction
Bio-oil separation& refinery 1000t/a
3000t/aDirect liquefaction
>10000t/a
200t/a
4.Technology Road Maps
DemonstrationPilot scale IndustrializationExplorationNearly zero
emission
Large scale
application
L a r g e s c a l e
b i o m a s s e n e r g
y a p p l i c a t i o n
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 31/33
31
L i p i d
a b s t r a c t i o n
Feedingstuf
Glycol…
…
O i l p l a n t
& a l g a e
High value
conversion
Esterification
acetone
Chemicals Enzyme
Catalyst
Fertilizer
High valueconversion Medicine
……
Technologies for biodiesel
BiodieselLipid
Residue
Glycerin
4.Technology Road Maps
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 32/33
32
Continuousreaction
Residue highvalue conversion
Pilot plant 3000t/Y 30000t/Y
Medicine componentabstraction
Pilot scalecomprehensive
utilization
500t/Y Large scalepolygenerationprocess
Glycerin high valueconversion
2005 2010 2015 2020
Magnetism nano-catalytic reaction
Road Map for Biodiesel
4.Technology Road Maps
DemonstrationPilot scale IndustrializationExplorationNearly zero
emission
Large scale
application
L a r g e s c a l e h i g h g r a d e l i q
u i d f u e l
a p p l i c a t i o n
8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biomass-energy-road-map 33/33
33
http:// www.giec.ac.cn