biomass electricity
DESCRIPTION
Biomass Electricity. Megan Ziolkowski [email protected] November 29, 2009. Agenda. 1. Introduction 2. Conversion Process 3. Environmental Impact 4. Benefits for the US 5. The Future of Biomass Electricity. What Is Biomass?. Willow. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda• 1. Introduction• 2. Conversion Process• 3. Environmental Impact • 4. Benefits for the US • 5. The Future of Biomass
Electricity
![Page 3: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What Is Biomass? “The term ‘biomass’ means any
plant derived organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes, municipal wastes, and other waste materials.”- US DoE
Willow
Eucalyptus
Corn
![Page 4: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cellulosic Biomass Sourcesby Region
Herbaceous and wood crop possibilities as suggested by the Department of Energy in 2006.
![Page 5: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How is Biomass Used? “Bioenergy technologies use renewable
biomass resources to produce an array of energy related products including electricity, liquid, solid, and gaseous fuels, heat, chemicals, and other materials. Bioenergy ranks second (to hydropower) in renewable U.S. primary energy production and accounts for three percent of theprimary energy production in theUnited States.” – US DOE
![Page 6: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Biomass Electricity Generation
![Page 7: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Conversion Process• Thermal Conversion– Combustion –> Torrefaction –> Pyrolysis
–> Gasification• Chemical Conversion– A variety of different conversion
processes used• Biochemical Conversion– Enzymatic reactions and natural
processes
![Page 8: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biomass Cofiring• Simultaneous combustion of a biomass
fuel and a base fuel to produce energy.• Great potential as a “bridge-
technology:” provides low-cost, low-risk method of cutting GHG emissions and reducing overall fossil fuel use.
• Direct & indirectcofiring methods
![Page 9: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Biomass Cofiring: Process
• Biomass feedstock is collected, processed &prepared. Coal & biomass mixture is fed into a modified coal-fired power plant in a blended delivery system.
http://cfblab.mechanicalengineering.dal.ca/project.htm
![Page 10: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biomass Cofiring: Benefits
• The energy production that comes from biomass has no net carbon emissions from the energy generation
• Renewable• Reduces the emission of greenhouse
gasses and air pollutants• Complements sustainable land
management• Makes economic sense
![Page 11: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biomass Cofiring: Drawbacks
• Costs• Ash contamination• Old and new coal-fired power plants
![Page 12: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Gasification• Process where biomass is converted
into methane gas at high temperatures to fuel steam generators, combustion turbines, combined cycle technologies or fuel cells.
![Page 13: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gasification: Benefits• Renewable production – the process does
not emit any greenhouse gasses • Efficient – the high-temperatures allow for
a higher maximum efficiency than direct combustion
• Cleaner production – the high-temperature process refines out corrosive elements
• Variety – extracted gases can be used in a variety of power plant configurations
![Page 14: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Gasification: Drawbacks• Sustainable? – the power consumed
in the process may outweigh any power produced and even emit CO2
• Carbon Neutral? – carbon neutrality depends on what is used and how the gasification process is carried out.
![Page 15: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Environmental Impact:Global Benefits
• Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions• Carbon Neutral Energy Generation• Provides Waste Disposal Alternatives• Improves the
Health of Forests• Clean, renewable
alternative to fossilfuel plants
![Page 16: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Environmental Impact:Problems with Biomass
• Still emitting CO2 into the atmosphere
• Reduced carbon storage capacity• May encourage the production of
more co-firing power plants• Takes away from land for food crop
production
![Page 17: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Benefits for the United States
• Environmental benefits• Growing clean energy source reduces
dependence on foreign oil• Keeping the country healthy• Creates jobs and clean energy
![Page 18: Biomass Electricity](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062400/568168e4550346895ddfe092/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Future of Biomass Electricity
• Extending Tax Credits For Biomass For An Additional 5 Years
• Making Tax Credits For Biomass The Same As Other Renewables
• A National Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) Will Mandate the Deployment of Biomass And Other Renewables Technologies
• American Renewable Energy Act of 2009
Source: http://usabiomass.org/pages/gov_legislative.php