biomass combustion in poland present and prospective policy strategies - adam guła
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BIOMASS COMBUSTION in POLAND
present and prospective policy strategies
Adam Gula and Pawel Wajss
AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland and
The Krakow Institute for Sustainable Energy
presented at
The International Conference on Solid Biofuels(ICSB 2011)
„Beijing 11-12 November 2011
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RES in POLAND:
Flat country - small hydro potential
Not much wind either
biomass is relatively abundant
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• So focus is on biomass, but
CONTRARY TO WHAT MANY DECISION MAKERS
SEEM TO ASSUME
BIOMASS is a
LIMITED RESOURCE
… by available harvest area, soil quality, climate ...
but also financial resources for investment
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We have to remember that
we need biomass primarily for foodand also it for material (industrial) uses
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When it comes to the energy use of biomass let us note that we can derive from it:
•mechanical power (motor biofuels)
•electricity or heat
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we cannot satisfy all those needs simultaneously
at least in short or medium term
we have to choose !!
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co-firing of biomass with coal(mainly in pulverized coal boilers)
long distance transportation
huge technical problems
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illustration of the transportation problem:
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Supply sources
A hypothetical example
ca 400 MW thermal power plant
ca 5% of electricity from biomass
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Źródło: Opracowanie własne
500 tons/day, i.e50 trucks with 10 tonnes load per day times 100 km gives 5000 km/day (one way)i.e. Moscow – Lisbon return
every dayi.e. ca. 2000-3000 litres of Diesel oil + (LCA)energy embedded in truck maintenance & construction, maintenance of roads, etc gives about 25% loss of energy at the power station gate
Moscow - Lisbon via PL 5100 km
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examples of technical problems behind the power station gate:
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Grinding:
• The operation depends on the parameters of biomass
• Residual biomass
•current load grows 10-15%
• The need of an extra mill
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The adverse effect of co-firing of biomass on the heat exchanger in the boiler
S&F Processes
Slagging and fouling
Due to high content of alkaline compounds in biomass
Corrosion
High temperature corrosion Chloride
Chlorine compounds in biomass
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Pipe of the secondary superheater
X-ray
pitting corrosion
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POWER GENERATING COMPANIES
WOULD NEVER DO THAT
WERE THEY NOT HEAVILY COMPENSATED
HOW IS IT DONE?
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FOR EACH MWh of „GREEN ELECTRICITY”POWER GENERATORS
GET ABOUT 3 TIMES MORE THAN
they get for a coal-based MWh
this is (ca. 70 EUR / MWh)
this is a „hidden subsidy”which costs the Polish electrcity consumers
ca. 700mln EUR/year !
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This policy is increasingly criticised by experts
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Central Europe Project 4BIOMASS
opinion survey on a sample of
1221 biomass experts from:
Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia
www.4biomass.eu
*Authors: Katharina Renner, University of Vienna (statistical analysis)Johannes Schmidl, Kerstin Schilcher Austrian Energy AgencyVienna, September 2011
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Weighted answers to the question: Which kind of biomass use will be most important to achieve the environmental-goals in your country?
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CONCLUSION:
electricity generation from biomass
is NOT a good use of biomass
to achieve the environmental goals
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The favoured alternative for countries with a climate similar to Poland is:
use biomass locally for heating
primarily in rural areas(where it grows)
this will minimise the transportation needs create local jobs and
help develop rural development
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The basic principle of biomass strategy should be:
use biomass first of all locally
only if there is a surplus
you may trade it
(preferably with close neighbours)
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Thank you
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Location: Chrzelice ( southern Poland )Boiler type: EKOPAL RM 30 (100 kW)Application: heating of two single-family houses
Examples of applicationsChrzelice 100 kW
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AGH, 180 kW