JeXd+

10e s>

b

sb+~+qysT

m&{+>, deTqjT+

d\V

eTT+ $ sb+~+q

bs |d\T |yX|{sT. 6 qT+& 9 s>T\ #]+q $$ qq ueq\T bs |d\ b++> sV+# sD eTq+ |\\ | d]> |j>\T

#sTT+ |j>X\ ]sTqT sV+|CjT&+. HT|d\T d]>, k++> sd #&&+ neds+. |\\

|> s+s+ |]o*d djT+> HsT=H+~ |j>X\, >+ sV+#&+ H b

_. m&. ` #bT

4

$wjTd

e.d+ n

1

I. qq bs |d\T ` b

2

2. HsTe&+ bs |d\ |]$T+ s, nse++> HsTe& M\T> nH bC\T, T|qT\T, |]o\q\T

HsTT.

3. s>>~ HsTq n+X Z* :

|d+ bs+X\ n+X\T eTq J$+ eTT&|&q $wj\qT #dT=

sb+

3

+{ b #sT\ T

|s#& M\T \T>TT+~. |\\ H|\ n_sT#T\T, #jT>*> keTs \T

e+{ y+{qT|j+#T e& q neX+ \ b+TD $ |\\+ >~ s+q $ \T>TsT.

bs+X+ eTVqqT |+#&+ eT+H #T*+#&+ ]q~.

$CqXk HsTe&+ |]o\q\T, |j>\T, T|qT\T, #s\T, bC |qT\T e+{

\TsT. s\qT esT

|j>\qT d]#dT+{sT. Be\q ueq\T eT]+ \|&&+ bT = n+X\T \T+{sT.

bs |d+ $wj +&, qq $wj\qT \TdTe& |\\T k++> #d, #d

ne>Vq b+ ne>Vq b+|&sTT.

bs |d+ \qT $$T\ dw+> |\\T ns+ #dT=H $ sb+~+#&+

| . #es 3& ueT\T, yTk| \qT, yde \qT b+

4

$$T]+ ne>Vq *+# eT+ y] dT\u+> ns+e& M\T>

b #sT\qT, |{\qT b+Vqd+ J$ d++> de

5

e\T b+| #jT&+ |\\ keTs \T, ke neds\T Xd k+ s+>\

$Xw+> sT>TTq w eqe eqsT\T, u$w Y neds\T, | |sesD+ esT\T

>T]+ b+ eekjT\T eTq+ eTT+ yTT

sDq d+j>jT

6

3. Je\T y{ ]+#&sTT :

e+ + eD+, +TD+ sD\T, D+>\T, DC\T,

D\ |TT+~. yTTT]+ ne>Vq |s#>, 10e s> $$T]+ ne>Vq *Z+#&+ d+ bs+X\T |yX |{sT.

4. dVeqsT\T :

e+ +T > eTT`Xd+# eTT, H\\Tw +, Jeu skjT e\j\T

nH bs+X\T |yX|&+ ]+~. y{ =qk+|> 10es> eTq |sesD+, eTq

u

7

1.2.2. sDq d+j> jT e\dq eX |*, +, sH & &

1.2.3. + deT+ sDq d+j>jT ]q|&T H $&TjT m& sT>TT+~?

1.2.7. sDq d+j>jT j++

- + #s

- c+ #s

1.3. bw\ bwD

1.3.1. Je\T eT Vs m b+\T>TsTT?

1.3.2. dT{ |sqJe bwD

1.4. eqe Js eed

- VsHfi+ >T+& Vs+ yfifl $

8

2.2.3. yjTTe]& (s XH[\ qT+& D\, D\ qT+& yqT)

2.3. D XdjT

2.3.1. H +& X $&T

9

4. $dsq es\ =\+| eed

4.1. eqe\ $dsq

4.2. eqe $ds eed

4.2.1. eT|+&\T

4.2.2. eT|+&+ n+]sD+

4.3. HbH sD+

- ejTH \q+

- esD |q'XwD+

- H[ ke+

- n>& >\ eT+ @s&&+

4.4.1. eTH[\T

4.4.2. eTXjT+

4.4.3. |d+

4.4.4. eT $dsq

4.4.5. eT+ d+|Tq+

4.5. &j\ddt eT eT|+&+

4.5.1. eT|+& e]&

4.6. s $dsq esZ\T (}|]T\T, #s+, jT+, |T)

4.7. s Je $dsq

4.8. yTT $dsq

4.8.1. \sTT&\T

4.8.2. {H\T

4.8.3. sdH\T

4.8.4. >TsT\T

4.8.5. f

4.9. $d]+#&+ d$+#&+

10

5. jT+D deTqjT eed

5.1. |sD |d+

11

6.3. + |T

6.3.1. eqe\ |T eed

6.3.2. |sTw |T eed

6.3.3. d |T eed

6.3.4. Xqq+

6.4. yTT\ + |T

6.4.1. |w+ |T u>\T

6.4.2. |s>sDTe\qT |]o*+#&+

6.4.3. n+&XjT sD+

6.4.4. $q+ yTT\&+

6.5. D $uq ` #]

6.5.1. eqe\ D $uq

6.5.2. D #+ (G1

12

7.5.2. eT*q |T Hu y$

13

9.2.2. m

14

10e s> JeXd+ ` e\T ` bs+X\T :

eTd+K e+ bs+X+

1. Vs+ 1. bwD ` Vs ds|seed

2. dJe ||+#+ 1. nqTe+

3. Je\T m ]eTsTT 1. XdjT ` X

15

bs sDeT+ :

s> dyX\ |\\T eT yT CH ]+#T >\sT. nH+ 10e s>

$CqXd qq bs |d+ sb+~+#&+~. > n\ @@ #s \T m sT>Tj $e]+#&+. |jT\qT b #sT\ s|+ |

16

$$ |]>D+#sT. JeXd |syTq

bs+X\T, skjTqXd bs\T n nqTuy\ bs+u dyX+ bs+

bs+ueTT+~. = bs+X\T #H |X\ L& bs+ueTsTT.

17

es |T]+ |d #]d

y] ne>Vq \TdT+ q\ \| sj*.

2. \T / |j>\T :

|j>\T / \T sV+ |*\qT T> $X+#&+ \T / |j>\T

sb+~+#&+ ]+~. |\\T b+> > > #jT& M\T>

HsTT. + / |j>+ |PssTTq s ueq\ ne>Vq d+ |j>+/ $Xw+#&+

d+ #H |X\qT e&+ ]+~.

18

1. |j>+ * b*q|&T eTq+ jT e~ >* @ yjTTe me |]eD+

q~?

| eT&T |X\ sV+q |j>+ de* Co2 n~|]eD+

+T+VksT.

m sV+#*?

#jTujT + / |j>+ m+ , > qy |*\qT b*#&*.

#H |X\&T>T |\\ y~\qT s> >~ |+> #~$ eT ne>VqqT #]+#*.

|*\ sq = #q\T / deTd \T #]+#*.

|ejT esZ\T, |]s\T |j+ |\\# |j> #sTT+ y] #q\T

nqTuy\| #]+#*.

+ / |j>+ ne>Vq #dTe& o] +|&sTT.

19

T]+ ne>Vq *Z+q

s $*jT+ Vs |j>+ #~$ +~ |X\ deTT> T{q|&T >T+& q y|q sHfi\T m+Vq #dTe& &&TT+~.

m sV+#*?

|X #Vqd+ ~X sX + M nqT+

20

+> #~$+, |\\ #]+#*.

B d++~+q nqT++& | +#*.

$ |+#sX\ \T :

qq bs |d\ |j>X\ sV+#e\dq |j>\ n ~ bX\ sV+#e\dq bs |d+ dw+> |s=HsT. bs |d+ # |j>\T

q|{ |j>X\ sV+# \T | yTq$. M{ sV+#& ]wyTq ke,

s+q |]dT sV+#* +T+~. |j>X\ |j>+ sV+#& nedsyTq |]s\T

skjT |=i V~ , |j>X\ > sV+#e#T.

|j>+ sV+#& nedsyTq |]s\T, |X\ + #sTT+#*.

qy #]+#*, $Xw+#*.

|j> |]dT\qT, s\qT esTd |*\T m +{j }V+| #d |j>\T

sV+| #j*. ssD seTH*. = $wj\T \TH bV+#*.

|\\T #dq |j> |j>]sT sjTeTH*.

21

6. |{\T +|&+ ` $Xw+#&+ :

qq bs |d\T |\ |j H|D\T |+b+~+| CjT& $$+>/ de#s >+

22

nedsyTq d+, +{ e, de#s+ \_+# |,

d]+ |{qT |P]#j*.

= |{\ de#s +|& me deTjT+ |&TT+~.

7. |{\T, ueT\qT |]o*+#&+, b #sT\T #jT&+ :

me de#s d+|s|+ n+|&sTT.

+ m+ de#s n+~dT+~. Je, uXk\T s+&+{ # ueT\T, HDyTq b {\s|+

qT, yTk| \s|+ e&sTT. n+]sD *|$, |]s\ neT]qT $e]+#

e+{ y{ \s|+ e&q~. $Cq Xd+ e|\T, |{\ eX L& m+ +~.

T+&, eT|+&\T y{ y{ yTq ddeTH \T n+~+#&+ ]+~.

m sV+#*?

nedsyTq d+Vqd+ |{\T, ueT\T, b #sT\T $j+#Ty*.

2& s|+ q \qT ^jT& nud+ *+#*.

bs+X #~$ ueT u>\qT >T]+|Cj*.

$$|\ s|+ | sVD |]s\ neT] \qT, Xsu>\ n+s \qT ^sTT+#*.

Je\ J$ #] $$

23

y \Te& &&TsTT.

24

m $j+#*?

de#s d]+ T]+ $e]+# s|t L& jsT#sTT+ s>>~ |T]+ |\\ e{&+#*.

eTT+

25

11. eTqyT$T HsTH+.

~ |qXsD n+X+. + n+~e&+ ]q~.

M{ bs+ @jT n+X\qT #]+#s \TdTe#T. bs+X+ |&TT+~.

m sV+#*?

= n+X+ / y + >T]+ |\\ #]+#*. T]+ |\\T @$T ns+#dTHs#|+#*.

M{ ueqqT $e]d HT|d+ sjTeTq&+.

eTqyT$T HsTH+ o] n+X\T bs $wj\ |q:XsDd+ eyT |j+#Ty*.

n

26

M{ e> / T / yTT+ s> +> #jTe\dq n+X\T L& +{sTT. { y{

nyT. $ $wje>Vq

|j>|&sTT { M{ e~*yjT+& |d]> sV+#*.

nqT+\T L& +{sTT. M{ L& sV+#*. HT|d+ y~\T ssTT+#*.

n_sT#T\T, |X+d+#&+, Jey$ de

27

IV. $

28

qT |]o*+q , \qT

>T]+ >, dsq k+ |

29

s Hfi\ s+ |eV+# $

30

$$ Je\T

~e\jT s |dsD ]> Je\T

$Hfi >+, |sT>q|&T > fiflH=| |&+.

qq s+ \D\T |\s+ +#be&+

Je y$

31

$T+& s+ |eV+# $& $ $&+, |]\q\T #jT&+

|\ |+# + be> +T+~ { $wj+X\qT V\+ |]o*+ |+#keTs + *e+&&+. $$&+.

b+#Tq n+X T> $Xw+#& #H |X\T yjT>\>&+.

de#s d]+# d+

32

esY d nqs\T

H{ \+ Z Z |sekH\T

D|jT s> b Vs |

33

qy HT|d+> qy, d+, $T|]+#>\>&+.

\TdT=q n+X\ | dsqy y k\ >T]+#>\>&+.

$wjT |{\T, >|\T, y~\qT +> |]o*+ ueq\qT sb+~+#&+.

s]+#&+:

|]\q\T d]> }V+#&+ ] M{ |j>|Ps+> |]o*+, $Xw+ |*

#|&+ s]+#&+ neT+~.

+~ |j>\qT sV+#* +T+~.

sDq d+j> jT s>& Co2 neds+ n s|+# |j>+.

sDq d+j> jT O2 $& jT s>& + neds+.

XdjT w+ $&T

34

4. de#s H|D\T ` bC|qT\T

de#s H|D\T:

de#s H|D\ eTTKyTq$ de#s+ d]+#&+, d]+q de#s *.

de#s dsD, H|D+ e\q |\\T nH s\ Jeq |]dT\qT, d+dT\qT, sT\

n_bj\qT >s$+#&+.

|]ds\ | kqTu * +&&+. u +&&+.

T]+#&+. sD\T \Te&+.

2. $X+, C+> H& d+T]+ de#s+ dsD.

5. $$

35

~ |\ n+sZ X\T, dH X\ $j> |j>|&TqT.

z|, dVq+ |*\T e# L& |e]+#&+.

y~\T sjT&+, y{ |,

36

+sTT+#*.

$$ |]s\ neT] $T+& n+]sD+

V] sDTe sD+

eT $dsq eed

HbH sD+

H&D+

yT\T

d, |sTw |T eed\T

|w+ \Te

n+& sD+

|\BsD+

yTk|t ^sTT+#&+.

~

eTT\e&+

|s>>sDTe sD+

jTsD, deT$uq\ & $=\TdT

Vs| C\+

|s$T&

37

sT >T]+# $

38

6. k+\T| deq+> d]+# + |+b+~+#&+.

|\ ydH n+^]+#&+, |X++#&+ e+{ \D\T |+b+~+#&+.

| $$

39

dqT ~He+ eX

$$TH\T eTq s> + b

bwVs |+ *> |s ekH\T

Hu |sT>T

40

|\\T s>>~ b+~q CH +~ d+\TZsT.

yTT\qT d+s+#&+.

bwD ne>Vq bwVseTTqT >V+#&+, +|& +&&+.

s> e+yTq Vs| n\yT |+b+~+#Te&+.

XdjT d++~+ bDjeT+, j> e+{$ #jT&+.

n~ s|&q+ \Z+& C>\T rdTe&+.

yTT\ n+T f | bs&&+.

n~ Vs k~+#&+.

k>T{ |s \ |+| ` k~+#*q $&, +Te\ s>be& >\ sD\qT

$e]k&T.

` sDq d+j> jT e*q |

41

` wjssY, yTsddt y jT ds s eX qT s]+# |j> sVk&T. HqT

s]+#& | #k&T.

` sDq d+j> jT H y\Te& |j> ]Vk&T.

` *dt | +

42

VI. n_q+~+#&+, k+& e*q Vs | jT Xgy\T #dq w n_q+~k&T.

` = yTT\T s yTT\|

43

` Je\ XdjT nedseTjT |TT+\&T/

}V+#>\&T.

` Xs+ y\Te& wX, JejT\qT @$ |u$+ #dT+\T |]o\q\T` Xd+#&+ >V+#, $&TT]+# |j> sVk&T.

` yjTTe XdjT $&TT]+# |j> sVk&T.

` X $&T m |#kj $e]k&T.

` yjTT >T]+ $e]k&T.

` }|]T\ yjTT >DT\ sD #| |+qT ^k&T. n$ |#d $ +&&+ >\ |qT

|X+dksT.

` X $&T

44

Chapter -3Chapter -3Chapter -3Chapter -3Chapter -3 s|dsD eed $Vq` H&d+

45

`

46

IV. de#s dsD` s> +T]k&T.

` eT|+&+ n+]sD+ ueTqT u>\T >T]k&T.

` HbH ueTqT ^ u>\qT >T]k&T.

` &j*dt ]> $

47

` yTT\ + nqTesH TT sVk&T.

` H& D+ d&qT d

48

Chapter - 6Chapter - 6Chapter - 6Chapter - 6Chapter - 6 |T |qsT eed

I. $wje>Vq1) + |T $T]+ $e]k&T.

2) $$

49

VII. Je y$ +| #]k&T. ne>Vq s e\ bZ+{&T.

Chapter - 7Chapter - 7Chapter - 7Chapter - 7Chapter - 7 JejT deTqjT+

I. $wje>Vq` *yjT&+ n+f @$T{? nH $wjTeTTqT \TdT+{&T.

` * yjT&+ e\ XseTT ]> |]DeTeTT\qT \TdT+{&T.

` *, ydq jTT d++ >T]k&T.

` H{ $$

50

VI. n_q+~+#&+, k+\T |]o\q\T` yT+& d\qT |j> |Ps+> s|k&T.

` ;{ |j>eTT D\T

$Xwk&T.

2) n

51

V. ueT\T ^jT&+`qeTH\T jsT#jT&+` @, ~d+sD w\qT #| b #sYqT jsT#k&T.

` eqe *+> ssDqT #| b #sYqT jsT#k&T.

VI. n_q+~+#&+, k+ |\T |]o\q\T` |]ds\ $$=\TdT\qT, y{ eT\ Vs| d++

52

V. ueT\T ^jT&+`qeTH\T jsT#jT&+` $$=\TdT\qT |{\ \&T.

` esD eed jTT d+U |s$T& qeTH jsT#jT>\&T.

` $$\&T. y{ >T]+ yU+#>\&T.

VI. n_q+~+#&+, k+ eT]jTT ke dVqT, u

53

IV. de#s dsD` dVeqsT\ neTTKyTq { + n]f $TTq $T]+q de#s d]k&T.

` e&q >|t\ qT+& de#s $Xw+# H|D b+\&T.

` dV eqsT\ d+sD #dTq d+d\ |sT, e\ |sqT #| |{\T sb+~+#>\&T.

V. ueT\T ^jT&+`qeTH\T jsT#jT&+` dVeqsT\ d+sD ||tqT ^k&T.

VI. n_q+~+#&+, k+& dV eqsT\ bqT n_q+~k&T.

` dVeqsT\qT d+s+#\H dVqT *Ze+{&T.

54

V. u~ |\\T #dHsT&

bVq b+ $wj\qT

HsTH+

55

sV+# s e\ C_ sb+~#T&+ e\ edy> e\dq eqsT\T dMT]+#T&,

eTT+

56

|#T MTqqT

=|* >eT+ { jeq+ ~X> |jT+ nH de#s

nyjTT Xd jT |j>+ |]s\ neT]qT $Xwk&T.

57

B|qT\ |d+ssD, Vs| C\+ Vs| |s$T& d++~+q n+X\| #H |X\T

n&T>>\&T.

$\&T. |*\qT s]+,

k\&T.

4. de#s H|D\T:

de#s d]+#&+ eZ]+#&+, |{\T sb+~+#&+ $Xw+#&+, y~+#&+

|{\T, \T, b #sT\T, >|\T yTTssD, &jTu{dt

C>\T e+{ n+X\| de#s d]+#>\&T. d]+q de#s eZ]+, nedsyTq

|{\T sb+~+#>\&T. de#s $Xw+, y~\qT jsT#jT>\&T.

Jsj m+CeTT\T, $$TqT y

58

$+\T, = sT dsdT ` ne\ ds |*\T yTT\&T. y~+#>\&T.

}|]T\T ` sXH[\ eT

59

$$TH\T ` Vs| eqsT\T, n~ s|&q+ ` sD\T ` C>\T, uyyX\T `

jT+D, |T s> eTT, HIV...AIDS yTq]+ ` $yV\T ` |s ekH\T, |sesD+

|]sD dVeqsT\ d+sD yTTT n+X\| d$THs bZq>\&T.

VsyV ` s> d\T, eqsT\T ` $#D, JesTD+ (+T d+sD), nejTe

60

eqe |+&_e~ ` jqT> d+w |]DeT+.

|weTT u>\T # $~ | +> sb+ esT#+eT>T ` n~ C jTT | qT \T|.

|jTTyTq \D\T >\ Je\ m+| | jTT nqVyTq, $#DjTTyTq b.

Vs| C\eTT | q J$, n | |+ qw+, eTq+ \TdTq de#s+

s|+#&&+. { eqsT\T m+ $wyTq$.

7. Jey$ jT beTTK e\q yTT\qT bsX\ esD |+#&+, d+s+#&+.

bwD ne>Vq bwVs >V+#&+, + |& +&+, s> syTq

Vs| n\yqT |+b+~+#T eeTT.

XdjT d++~+q CqeTT bDjeTeTT #jT&+. D |jT e\H &, T]+#eTT.

n~s |&qeTT ne>Vq e\q ysD #s \T rdT=qT sT\ *jT C|&+.

yTT\ |T

61

JeXd+

s> : 10 y] |D[

ed+ jT{ |sT |]jT& eqsT\T sV+#*q s e\T

d+K d.d..

1 2 3 4 5

pH bwD ` Vs 10 sDq d+j>jT, +

ds|s eed Co2 |V]+ nedseT #|

|j>\T.

|+&|T]+#, |j>+,

#s, #sT\ |

62

ed+ jT{ |sT |]jT& eqsT\T sV+#*q s e\T

d+K d.d..

\sTT&\T \_+#T yTT\

Vs]jT+ jsT#jT&+.

nejTe

|#s , #s |#s , +

nqTesH\T

>\H |]X\T de#sdsD

jT+D deTqjT+ VsqT\

b| k &sT #s

s eT+.

nsY |T ` 15 $$

63

ed+ jT{ |sT |]jT& eqsT\T sV+#*q s e\T

d+K d.d..

1 2 3 4 5

eqe $$sY CH yT+& , yH, ,

&]H esY, sd y dt

|]X\| b #sY j

Je|]De d++~+q |+&

Xd,

64

bs |T]+q ueq\qT , >TsT|T> #|$> +&sT|s#T+T]+ y{ |]jT& sdT y{ |\\

#]+#Cd k++> sd nud+ #sTT+#*. u |X\{

eTq+ sjTqeds+ bsX d++~+ b

65

bs| : 10

2. bs+ : $dsq ` es\ =\+| eed

3. |]jT& d+K : 10

4. k~+#*q $+~

sDeTT #| #sT >T]+ yjT+&?

eT|+& qeTH 2. HbH sT>T

e&b

n

66

3. =+eT+~

neT $dsqy~

+T+~ B >\

sDyT$T ?

5. eT+ d+|Tq+ 1) ]bsT 1) pH ||sY eqe eT+s+>T

dsD` 2) u ]bsY |dT| s+>T

|]o\q +&& >\ sD+

2) $XwD` @$T{?

#s &j_{dt Hd|&dt

y~ \D\T @$?

eqe Xs+ qT+&

eT$dsq s>b

@eTT+~?

6. &j\ddt eT 1. &j\ddt &j\ddt jT++ &j\ddt |jT

eT|+&+ jTT #| #sT @ d++ @$T{?

nejTe

67

|]jT& u

68

{#sY H{ (nT]+q de#s+

b

69

b

70

|\ |&T ueq\T \|& |eT\ dH

HsT&+ w+> esTT+~. { |j> sV+#&eTH~ e\+ | +&

|\\T #d HsT&, |*\ #]+#&, ssD se& M\T> +&*. $CqXd

s> |+#&+, #]+#&+, e> T yTT+ s> \T sV+#&+, bC|qT\T #jT&+,

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` $Xw+#&+, ueT\T jT&+, qeTH\T #jT&+, C sV+#&+, K\T, yk\T, H\T sV+#&+, |s q\T #jT&+

yTT

71

k~+#*q $

72

e>+>, $$T]+#&+ \T, |jT\T,

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bs+X+ $CqXd d\, $wsD\ >=|T]+ |X+d+# >TD n_e~|s#&

y] e{&+#*. Je y$T]+ |]ds\qT |]s+# dVqT |+b+~+#*. s> >~

b+~q CH J$+ $j+#TH nqjT+ #dTH \T #sTT+#*.

| ueq\ ne>Vq d+ s> >~ u\T, bC\T, |]o\q\T, de#s dsD\T, |{\T sb+~+#&+.

2. |{\ de#s+ $Xw+#&+, |*\qT s]+#&+.

3. +s, C, d$THsY, d+bjT+\T sV+#&+.

4. #dq |j>\T, |]o\q\ $\ #+~q |{\T, >|\T jT&+, ueT\T d u>\T >T]+, $e]+#&+,

qeTH\ jsT#jT&+

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73

5. eTT+| ` eT+q+ (Conclusion - Evaluation)

u |\\T eTT HsTq n+X\qT |qXsD #dTH+

74

|\\+

75

de#s dsD\T, $XwD\T ` |{\T sb+~+#T

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76

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77

VI. | |\T ` d+dsD\T

.y=.jT+.dt.q+.17, ~ : 14`05`2014q |uT+ C #dq sT\ |s+

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A. eX

| bsX\ n+f e\+ |\ d bs|d\ |]$TyT |\\qTj++> d +#&+ e\ | s>T |\\T n+#H\qT n+TseTHsT. =

d+ d+d]+#&*.

78

bsX\ |\\ deT> n_e~ &&*. deT> n_e~ s>\+f |\\T Xs+>, eqd+>,

k+| T+>, uy|s+>, H |s+> $$D+, k+|TXd+ e+{ bs $wj\

|]$TyT uTTq~. M{H eT+q+ #dTH+. dVbs s e\T> u$dTq

yjeT s> $

79

sh+ bsX\ $T]+ = d d++~+q eT+q+ neT\T

sT>TTq~. B |+# $\ >~ uTD+> bs |d, u

80

nf sh+ n bD+ d+K\T, d$TT\T, ;>D+, b>wH, ]H{ CyT{ yTT,

CyT{, D$T, yTqTswH, k+KXd+, d+ue, s+&e ||sY> +{sTT. nsTT,

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81

2. |\T ` esT\T

bs $wj\T

3. esT\T ` us+

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u skjTqXd+ 50 esT\T 40 10

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yTT+ esT\T 600 esT\T 480 120

82

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mesH @sssTT b

y] y+H eTfl sV+ esT\T {sTT+#* +T+~.

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$es\qT H H

83

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nsTTqT. |_ | 28 esT\T, +s |\ 7 esT\T b+H

u$ksT. n++ 20 esT\T b+~ rsT\T> u$+#ysT.

nsTT, b u$ksT.

5. ~rjT uw rs esT\T eT]jTT d+d +

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84

6. >&+> $ |\ neT\T|sTdTq >&+> $Tq|{ >&+> d+ s]+q

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6. n+> 1 qT+& 8e s> es yjeT s> $ eT+ q+ # j * +T+~. = 1 qT+& 10 s>T\ es d\dt jsT #j*.

n+X\ y> 1 qT+& 10 s>T\ es b

85

bs |D[ u>+> H\T>T $wj\ |dT+ 1 qT+& 8 s>T\ neT\eTq

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86

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88

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nf keTs \ y> |\\ nud+ *+# D y*.

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b

89

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9, 10e s>T\ |X|\qT (|_ |\T $TqVsTT+) sb+~+# u

90

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91

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92

yTTyTT neT\T s>&+

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bTD+> neT\T|s#+ nH~ | H{ sj*.

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VII. sD eT+q+

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95

CCE \D\TeT+q+ |\\T de#s >TsT|T {|{ |\ sjT& eyT ~ *+# nu dq nqTuy\T |\\ CH, eqd #\H, uyyX s+>\

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96

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s> >~ ]> #s\T, |\\ de

97

nsTT | H\T>T kX\ |qT\T (10 esT\T), 2. s n+X\T (HT|d\T,

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dH |j>\T #jT&+ |d] eq Lab Record sjT&+ n eds+. sD

eT+q+ B 10 esT\T {sTT+#sT.

Lab Record +&e\dq n+X\T

+ m+ nedsyTq |]s\, |\T : |j>+ #deTT+\qT

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98

|*\ $XwD : $XwD, |j>|*\qT *jTCdT+~.

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100

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24. eqe Xs+ es\ $dsq eT |+& +& s nejTy\T L& &&jTq&

y deT]ke?

25. yTT\T eTq Vs+>H +& y{ es\T L& eTq |j>|&TTHsTT. nq&

e #

126

30. +~ Je y{ n + |T $ $s &) nMTu ) |H]j

31. n+T=&, n+T& & $T{?

32. #&+& B @syTq |s> d+|s+ s>e#Tq e u$dTHe? m+\qT T]+ MTsT @$T \TdTHs sjT+&?

n) XTT+~?

127

|]\q\T

|*\qT }V+#&+.

|ue+ #| n+X\qT }V+#&+.

deTd sD\T }V+#&+.

u$w TqT >] }V+#&+.

qeTH |X\T #T]+ \TdTy\qT +THe. +eT+ ue\T, #sTe\T m+&bjsTT. u>s\T ZbjsTT. +\ sD\qT

}V+#+&. MT >eT+ sT\+\T ` |]o\q\ d+u+~+ +~ n+X\ s|+ |X\T +{sTT.

|j>\T #jT&+.

|j>\ |]o\q

s]+#&+.

|]s\ m+|

qy

128

|*+ |j>+ #jT&+.

|*+ =s |j>+ #jT&+.

#s\T esT= |j>+ #jT&+

b\T >T]+#&+.

qeTH |X\T

1. sDqjT ]q|&T H $&T MTsT s> >~ sV+#TH+

+ =s y&q yTT $? n$ m& |sT>TsTT.

ii) | |j> MTsT m sV+#sT? @ d+ >* T&>\T y\Te&&

>eT+#sT?

2. nyjTT Xd jT >T]+ dt #dq |j>+

i) >C T]+ +~ n+X\T

sjT+&?

n) |j+q |]s\T ) |j>+ #dq |eT+q |*\T

4. de#s H|D\T

de#s dsD ` bC\T nH $ $Xw+#&+.

ii) de#s eZsD, |{\T sb+~+#&+.

129

qeTH |X\T

1. +~ |{qT #&+&. B qT+& MTs$T >V+#s sjT+&.

yjTTe #d+ yjTTX+ Xd+ yjTTeX+

H 21 16

Co2 0.04 04

H{H 79 79

2. { jeq+ sT 100$T>

2. k&jT+ 140 125.250

n. s+>jT #s y~ q~ n m #|e#T?

n_yV

130

. u\Ts_H >T]+ \TdT& @eT |]qT sV+#*?

. | y~ y+ >V+#e?

. | y~ &sTqT e @@ |X\T n&T>Te?

6. n+T&+ eT+ jTe n& \T&

|X\ C_ sjT+&. \TdTq de#s qy|t\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T #jT&+

$T]+#&+.

|]s\ neT]qT #d + ^jT&+.

u &j>yT.

Flow chart

Bargraph

Pigraphs

dH \T ^jT&+.

|ejT |]s\j.

qeTH |X\T:

1. sDq d+j> jT H y\Te&TT++ |]s\

neT]\qT |eTT ^jT+&? |] H[qT >sT| u]+ +#& sD\T sjT+&?

2. rjT $j> q\T +& d+U |s$T&qT #| sU + ^jT+&. y{ d+K

my ]> |]De\T @$T{?

3. +~ |{ |]o*+ u>\T >T]+#+&? (| 137 |+) |\BsD+ ]> $\T >T]+#+&. B DX >s+ n m+yT s|+ ^jT+&. ~rjT |\BsD+ m+TT+

131

6. HbH |+ ^d >Ts>\q+, esD |q:XwD+ ]> u>\qT >T]+#+&? jT\T m

sT>Tj sjT+&?

6. k+T]+#&+ ]q~. n+X\ |eD+qT eT~+| #jTe#T. n+ n |X\qT m n_q+~ke? n

n&>sT]+ yk\T sjT&+.

qeTH |X\T:

1. +Te\ bwD yTT\T neTTKyTq b eVksTT. n #|& e @jT n+X\qT

|]>Dq rdT+{e?

2. yTT\ qT+& @s& | H\ e\q eTq J$+ *> u\T \T| yd+

sjT+&?

4. u\ $yV\qT k+|T

132

7. Jey$

133

eT]= $wje>Vq ` |X\T

1. Je\+{ Vs n+~+#>*q |jT sDqd+j>jT. ~ | s+&T

TT+~. +#s yTT* H s+ m >V+#&TT+~ ?

3. eqe\ >\ sHfi\ sD{ ms\T> ~ |eVdT+~. e]>, 'H' nH >~ d+#+ #+~ eTsV s 'I'

nH sHfi:

134

(c) (i) C (ii) D nH$ @ >eTT\ |sT

yjTTeTT.

A ..............................................

B ..............................................

C ..............................................

D ..............................................

(ii) |\BsDeTT @ u>eTT sT>TT+~?

(iii) |+& |k|q d++yT~?

(iv) n+&sZeTT n+f @$T{?

II. Short answer type questions

1. +~ y\ / y{ |sT sjT+&.

(i) sDq d+j>jT ]> D+>eTT.

(ii) d+wyTq Vs, dsfi| es JejT

(iii) VsHfi+ |T sTy u>+

(iv) $$TH K |+ e# y~

2. Xd+#&+ eT]jTT Vs+ $T+>&+ |V @$

135

3. n & yfiS +jTyT, s+ s&+ yTT&&+, ske+ >&+ #d Xs bj&T. s+ m+&{+~?

4. eTq Xs+ eT|+&eTT eTTKyTq $dsejTeeTT. $dsq jTqT n

sV+# nejTy\T, n$ $d]+# |\T, $ yjT+&.

7. ydT s>>~ |j>X\ + #dTH&T. * ydT+&&+ e\q sd+> H&T. *

m+TT+~? m \TdT+~?

8. Je\ eT

136

5. $H\T

137

3. +~ |{qT |]o*+ +~ |X\qT $Xw+#+&.

dV Xe Xe Xe |\\T |\\T |. 1200

m) n~ sTe *Zq +Te\ V

138

ueT\T ^jT&+

139

7. esb u>fi+ *> nqs\qT sjT+&.

VQfi |X\T

1. sssd+ +& eTeTT ( )

a) d\ ] eTeTT b) V&] eTeTT c) qeTeTT d) bk] eTeTT

2. $ >* +& n+X\T ( )

a) sH & &, H b) H, {$]

c) sH & &, {$] d) {$]

3. eqe eT|+& / $ds eed u>eTT\ eTeTT @$ dsq$ ? ( )

a) eT|+&eTT\T

eTXjTeTT

|deTT

eTHfi\T

b) eT|+&eTT\T

eTHfi\T

eTXjTeTT

|deTT

c) eT|+&eTT\T

|deTT

eTHfi\T

eTXjTeTT

d) eT|+&eTT\T |deTT eTXjT+ eTHfi\T

4. +& |sT>TTq yTTqT u$T de+s+> =sE\T |+q sTy >eT+qsTT

+ +T+~ ? ( )

5. +~ y dsq ~ @~? ( )

a) m&q*H ` |jTw>+~ b) fk dsH ` eTTc\T

c) HdT*H ` eT>+~ d) nsTTksTT& ` d ;XeTT

6. +

140

7. sT >V+#&+ @H& eTTKyTq b eVdT+~ ? ( )

a) 6e b\H& b) BH& c) 5e b\H& d) 10e H&

8. $_q \D\T *

141

14. +~ |+ |+q u>+ @~? ( )

a) bwD+ b)

142

20. +~ y{ e yCeTT\T *Zq~ @~? ( )

a) * b) c) k]dt d) m\T

21. +~ sE yesD+ ucq+ ny>+> sT>TT+~? ( )

a) #\>, eT, >* b) y&, eT, b& c) y&, eT, >* d) y&, b&, >*

22. XdjT y>+ sDq d+j>jT+f y>+ my yTT\T ( )

a) s+s+> J$ksTT |+&|+> |sT>TsTT

d) |sT>TjT |j>+ yTTqT 48 >+\T N{ +#& >\ sD+

a) |\qT+& |#{ |

143

28. d\ |\BsD+ ]q sTy |\BsD+ #+~q n+&+ n+&XjT>& |k|+

#jT&TT+~. ( )

a) = H\\T b) eT&Tys\T c) H\ d) es&+

(b) +X skjT X> es&+

144

(c) + X $ es&+

(d) wX skjTq X> es&+

36. +#s ]>#T ( )

(a) sbdT >H

(b) sbdT k e

(c) yT{+&j

(d) >* d+w+

37. V #s qT + $XwD #s nqT sD+ ( )

(a) + y~ e\ D+s neX\ sT #], Xs+ _ +T+~,

b&u]q #s+, $s#H\ u (d) d\jT+

145

43. HHe] qT+& ( )

HqT $eTHqT, qqT rdTb >j\T eqe, meTT\T $]bsTT, HqT Ls\T,

|\ |+&T, yTT\ + +{qT. HHe]

(a) s{H (b) jdH (c) b * d& (d) k] eT+

44. $ >* +&$ ( )

(a) sH & & (b) {$] (c) q (d) |e

45. ATP \ +& X ( )

(a) 7200 \\T (b) 7200 \\T

(c) 7500 \\T (d) 7500 \\T

46. +~ y\qT #]d&j yTT\T H\ H{H \\T |+#TsTT.

(3) |+ ~>T& {.myT.d \ =\TksT.

(4) d+sY\ sT n+~+#& yTsTT]>wH n+{sT.

| y\ @$ dsq$.

(a) 1, 2 , 4 (b) 2, 3, 4 (c) 1, 3, 4 (d) 1, 4

47. yTT\T qB eTTKTsTT. yfifly yTT\T

(c) >]d&j yTT\T (d) @

146

49. eqe V] e\jT+ $$

147

deVD eT+q+ s |eD\ |\\ |> |]o*+# | e+{~. +

|X\ useTT, $ |\\+

148

7. +s |{q de&Tq+V+q deT]+#*. k++> sdq

y{ n~ b

149

de#s H|D+ :

de#s dsD H|D+ ` bC\ sVD nH $eT+# e\dq n+X\T

1. q de#s nqT>TD+> |{\qT sb+~+#THs?

2. de#seTTqT d]+q $ sks?

3. eZ]+q de#seTTqT |{\ b+

150

k++

~ |\\qT XdjT |& $

151

|X\ s{ eT~+| #jT&+.

10e s> |b~+q |\ d+dsD\qT { |X\T +~ s\T

1. yds| |X\T

2. \|TT de

152

|X n&qrsT d+w+> H de +&*.

$$

153

qeTH |X|+

JeXd+

(10e s>)

>]w esT\T : 40 deTjT+: 2.30\T

I. +~ |X\ deT esT\T. (4I4 R 16)

1. yTT\T, +Te\ bwDqT b\+&. (AS-1)

(&T. B >\ sD\qT, $T ]esY

1. s$ 38 120/80 N.B.P.

2. seTT 36 90/70 L.B.P.

3. keTT 40 140/110 H.B.P.

4. eTeT+q $wj\T @$?

B) ejTdT, sbT >\ d++\ |s ykH\T @$ ?

D) \eeTT

154

deT $uq eq $$

155

3. +~ | + +

156

5. dH|t H&d+~ ueTqT ^ u>\T >T]+#+&. (AS-5)

6. { d+sD d++~+q HeT+#s sjT+&? (AS-5)

IV. dsq de

157

6. d&|q $sDTeqT d

158

qeTH |X|+

JeXd+

(10e s>)

>]w esT\T : 40 deTjT+: 2.30\T

d#q\T : 1. n |X\ de

159

4. +~ V

160

4. |# yTT\qT ds s deTjT+ m XdjT .................

5. +=\TdTqT T{ bsT

161

6. yT+& |s+ jTT> $\\ +& \D+ ( )

a) qTe\T \T> +&&+ b) \D u +&+

7. }|]T\ XdjT e d]#jT+&. ( )

a) s+ TZT+~.

c) &j|yT y+q|&T s'Vs+ |]eD+ |s>TT+~.

d) &j|yT d++q|&T s'Vs+ |]eD+ >TZT+~.

9. B $q+> es u>+ @~ ( )

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

10. yT+& q |j>\ s yTTqT m+|#dTe& sD\T ( )

a) @*+> |c\T *+&&+ b) ~*+> |c\T *+&&+

c) |s> d+|s+ s|+ d) b eT]jTT c

162

qeTH |X|+

JeXd+

(10e s>)

>]w esT\T : 80 deTjT+: 2.30\T

I. +~ |X\ deT esT\T. (4I4 R 16)

1. +~ y{ sD\T $e]+#+&.

(i) JsXjT+ eT]jTT |>TqT+& yfifl s+ s|dsD HsT> V 1200

163

1. | |{ @ +Te Xs sTe me> +~?

2. Xs sTe +f >T+& sTe e> +&{ sDyT$T?

3. Xs sTe >T+& sTe >\ d++

164

IV. Multiple Choice questions (7I1 R 7)

1. XdjT sTqT |u$+ #jT n+X+ ( )

a) +re b) s c) c > d) >&

2. H&s+>+ Be\q @s&TT+~? ( )

a) s] dk e\q b) s] &jk e\q

c) ] dk e\q d) |$ @M |yjT&+ n+f ( )

a) |sT>TeT+TeT+s\ eT{\ |sT>T

165

9. u>seT{\T ]be& sD+ ( )

a) es\T sebe&+ b) n&e\ q]yc) usTue\| jT+D be&+ d) |e

10. esD eed Ts| & yTT\ +&be&+ n+f ( )

a) esD eed ndeTT\ @s&+ b)

166

IX. bVq

#dT s+q \\qT k~+#\+f s> >~ sV+# u

sV+#*. u~ u

167

y] |D[, lesson plan jsT#dTy*. lesson plan jsT #d|&T bs+ es +&

nuk\qT L& \ \T bC\ sVD| d#q*y*.

s+s deT> eT+q+ | d+d

eT+q+| b ne>Vq *Z+&*. y{sVD +~ n+X\ d+dVD eT+q B\qT s]+#Ty*.

sD eT+q+ | |P] ne>Vq *Z +&*. s> sD eT+

d++~+ $ s+q ]dsY $ys\qT qy

168

|j>+ sV+#|&T |]o*#*q n+X\| eTT+Vq *Z +&*.

|\\ bC |qT\qT d#q\ eT++qT #j*.

FA u>+>H bs+ es nu dq yTsT>T|sT+

$Vq *e+&*.

$ us ne>Vq #dT |X| jsT#dTy*.

|\\ d++> |X\ yT\T sjT{ M\T> |D[ jsT #dTy*.

y] |\T (|) =s |\\qT d+dVq

@ssT#= bsX\ bs+u+ qT+& u

169

X. JeXd |j>X\

JeXd |j>X\

1. JeXd+ |j>\ beTTK @$T{?

2. bs |d, |j>X\ @$T d++X\qT @$ sV+#*.

4. |j>+ sV+# eTT+X\ b bs+X\ d++~+ |j>\T sV+#& e*q de,

skjTH\T @$T{?

|j>\T #jT&+ $CqXd+ eTTKyTq |j H|D+. Xd k+ $|e+

|j>\ neT\yTq kq+ e+~. Xdy\T #dq nH |j>|*\T eqe J$+

mH $|y esT\ eT\+. sHsdt q |j>\ =HsT. n+\T

#d ueq\T, d\T ns+#dTH JeXd b

170

3. m+TsTT.

4. JeXd+ | d |+#T+{sT.

5. = |j>\T #jT& |PqT+{sT.

6. JeXk dV yesD+ HsT+{sT.

7. ueq\T ns+#dTH+ JeXd bs |d+ dV> |j> B| e+{~. ~ |j>\T, \T

|s q yTTT XdjT |X\ \T e+&H e+{sTT. yfi = bs\ |j>X\ + bsTTq|{

n+X\ \T> es M\TqT bs |d+ b\L& b +>,

d]+> $X\

yjTe#T. @X\ + #jT& +~> +f y{ |ejT+ + dV>

$TT+~. B X\ \T

sb+~+#&+ ]+~. | bs+ s> >~ uX\ + n s+&T u>\T> $u+

+T+~. n+f bs+ |j>X\ + n+s>+> +T+~. { |j>X\ \qT

|d]> |\\ #sTT+#*. bs+ |PssTTq sy #sTT+#e#T n u$+#L&X\

\T sV+#|&T XdjT |T]+ |P]> #]+#*. |j> eX qT $$]+#*.

|j> |*\qT }V+#eTH*. #q\T s+# |X\T n&>*.

171

e\dq |]s\qT m+|#dTe&+, y{ d]> neTs&+ |\ |P]> bZH*. u\ >T]+ #]+#*.

|j>+ sV+#|&T |]o*+#*q n+X\ >T]+ *jTCj*.

|]o\H+X\qT C>> qyX\ y~ |j> $|\T, b #sT\T yTT\ sD\qT $+ |PssTTq sy #s\ esTd |j>+ #sTT+#*. y{ eT+#*. y{| +> #]+#*.

|\\T |j>\T #dTq|&T b+ sT>TTq $ deTjT+ bTT+&*.

|j>\T |]o*dTq|&T |\\ e# d+ m sVdTHs |]o*+#*.

s sD d++T]+|Cj*.

d]jTq Xd k+ |T]+|Cj*.

|j>+ ]q sTy @$T#j*.

|]o*+q n+X\qT>T]+ #]+#*.

eTT+ ssTT+#Tq |]\q\T @$ sTEejj s]+#Ty*.

|] nqTuy\T |j> |*\ @ $ d]bTHj #]+#Ty*.

|]\q\, |j> sVD\ d+T]+|Cj*.

|j> |*\qT $Xw+#*.

|j> |*\T J$+ m nqsTT+#Ty $e]+#*

172

XI. $CqXd eqsT\T

$CqXd Cq s+s+ esT #+ d~j>+ #dTe& |j>|&TT+~.qT b esT\qT, y{ d++~+q n+X\qT ne>Vq #dTe\d edT+~. B n&T nH

eqsT\| TsTsD jTe $w]+#+ >*j, |sY e+{ y] s#q\T sDeTjsTT.

qdH k| dV+#& eyT > dH jTT |]~, qT+&, $e]+# +& $T*q $wj\qT

>V+, y{ deVq #dT= usT.

|+& |TTq yTT, q\ +, |\T, nj&H.

|sbw\ bwD: nMTu k+^sD+, bsMTwjT+ d &\T, d{ Vk ]j d &.

eqe Js eed: eqe Js eed #sT, JsjT m+CyT\ #sT.

173

\+ |]o\q: *dt +.

bwVs |+: wjssY, yTsddt y={\T.

yjTT|ks esZ+: }|]T\ qeTH, yjTTX\T qeTH, yjTT |ksesZ+ #sT, nd|+s+

qeTH.

D XdjT: yT{+&j d &, qeTH.

nyjTT XdjT y\Te&q w+, sH & & ssD |: >C

174

5. jT+D ` deTqjT eed

sqT |Te&+: b&yq d\T/ s/ |.

H&D+ |]o\q: H&D+ d &, d+TTq yTT, y+{ |j>+, #sT.

6. |T ` |qsTs, |H]j d &\T.

dE\T, &|sY, |\, {wO ||sY, yTk|t, |sY

d; d &, |w+# yTT J$ #] #sT.

D$uq: deT$uq, jTsD $uq T]+#&+: J\s, k+|, \T>&, H\T| sTyTT>Z\T *| #sT

ydq` sT d++Te, y\T*, >T&eTT, {wO||sT, #s>T[\T, k|ty#Y, &|sY.

Vs+ qeT\&+: y>sY, #|dt, ;sT, dk\T

qeT\&+ : dt, {+sY nj&H, |.V#Y d\T.

|]k* #\q+: d T, qH, +>fiT n+]sD *| #sT.

8. nqTe+

y$

175

9. eTq |sesD+ ` eTq u

176

18 The Chemical History of a Candle, Michael Faraday (Eng/Hin), Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi,info@Vigyanprasar.gov.in

19 Science in Everyday Life, J.B.S. Haldane, Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, info@Vigyanprasar.gov.in

20 VSO Science Teacher's Handbook, Andy Byers, Ann Childs, Chris Lane (Hindi) Eklavya,Bhopal, pitara@eklavya.in

21 Environment & Self-Reliance, Yona Friedman, Eda Schaur (Eng/Hin), Vigyan Prasar, NewDelhi

22 Energy & Self-Reliance, Yona Friedman, (Eng/Hin) Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi,info@vigyanprasar.gov.in

23 The Story of Physics, T. Pammanabhan (Eng/Hin) Vigyan Prasar, NewDelhi,info@vigyanprasar.gov.in

24 On the Various Forces of Nature, Michael Faraday, Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi,info@vigyanprasar.gov.in

25 The Insect World of J. Henri Fabre, Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, info@vigyanprasar.gov.in

26 The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, info@vigyanprasar.gov.in

27 The Bicycle Story, Vijay Gupta, Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi, info@vigyanprasar.gov.in

28 Aakash Darshan Atlas, Gopal Ramchandra Paranjpe, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo Marg, NewDelhi 110016

29 Preparation for Understanding, Keith Warren, illus. by Julia Warren, UNESCO

30 Resonance Journal of Science Education, Indian Academy of Sciences

31 Balvignanic, Eklavya, Bhopal

Courtesy : Aha! Activities, Eklavya, Bhopal

Websites & E-Resources for Middle andPrimary School Science

1. LET'S DISCOVER SCIENCE PART I By David Horsburgh (out of print but downloadableas a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/david1.pdf)

2. LET'S DISCOVER SCIENCE PART II By David Horsburgh (out of print but downloadableas a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/david2.pdf)

3. LET'S DISCOVER SCIENCE PART III By David Horsburgh (out of print but downloadableas a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/david3.pdf)

177

4. LET'S DISCOVER SCIENCE PART IV By David Horsburgh (out of print but downloadableas a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/david4.pdf)

5. LET'S DISCOVER SCIENCE PART V By David Horsburgh (out of print but downloadableas a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/david5.pdf)

6. LEARNING ABOUT LIVING PART ONE By David Horsburgh (out of print butdownloadable as a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/D6.pdf )

7. LEARNING ABOUT LIVING PART THREE By David Horsburgh (out of print butdownloadable as a pdf file from the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/D7.pdf )

8. THINKING AND DOING By David Horsburgh (out of print but downloadable as a pdf filefrom the link:http://vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/ thinkanddo.pdf)

9. SMALL SCIENCE for Classes I to V (with the accompanying Workbooks and Teachers'Books) Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education,TIFR, Mumbai.http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/smallscience.

10. http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/ contains an enormous list of books on enlivening sciencelearning, rated by Arvind Gupta. Many of them can be downloaded for free.

11. LOW COST EQUIPMENT FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION - Vol.1 - Compiled by UNESCOhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001023 /102321eb.pdf Provides ideas on how to makeschool science equipment using inexpensive materials.

12. LOW COST EQUIPMENT FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION - Vol.2 - Compiled by UNESCO -http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0007/000728/072808eb.pdf Provides ideas on how to makeschool science equipment using inexpensive materials.

13. http://www.exploratorium.edu/ is a fascinating website with tons of resources, activities andcontinuous updating to reflect the latest developments in the field.

14. http://www.johnkyrk.com/ has links to animations of cell structure, cell biology, DNA, etc.

15. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/8_9/circuits_conductors_fs.shtml has an inter-active tutorial on conductors.

16. http://www.primaryschool.com.au/science results.php?kla=Science%20and%20Technology&unit=Switched%20On has links to several interactive lessons like the one above.

17. http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/pathdiscovery.html allows the user to simulate online repeti-tions of famous experiments or inventions.

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18. http://www.freeindia.org/biographies/greatscientists/has biographies of Indian scientists.

19. http://www-gap.dcs.st and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Indians.html has info on ancient Indianmathematicians.

20. http://www.calcuttaweb.com/people/snbose.shtml has some more biographies of Indian scien-tists.

21. http://www.shodor.org/succeed/curriculum/FOR/observation.html contains an interactive mod-ule to test one's observation powers.

22. http://www.scienceclass.net/PowerPoints/NOS_Test_Review.ppt contains a PPT that talks ofthe nature of science.

23. http://www.scienceclass.net/PowerPoints/NOS_Test_ReviewGT.ppt contains a second suchPPT.

24. http://www.scienceclass.net/Teachers_Lessons.htm contains many valuable links to lessons onscience topics for middle school level.

25. http://www.science-class.net/TAKS/taks.htm has many links to PPTs that elaborate specificconcepts for middle school.

26. http://teachers.net/lessons/posts/1228.html (a website leading from http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Coll_rml ucas/LabClassificationofShoes?bc=;Coll_rmlucas.10 Classification) describesan activity wherein children have to classify shoes, so as to understand the importance ofclassification. (Useful in all branches of science, particularly chemistry and biology.)

27. http://www.encyclomedia.com/videoarctic_food_chain.html has a video on the arctic food chain.

28. http://www.kbears.com/ocean/octopus/index.html has a presentation and info on the octopus.

29. http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0309/articles/mainarticle.html contains rich infoon underwater life.

30. http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info has a plethora of links and info on animals.

31. http://www.seaworld.org/fun-zone/coloringbooks/pdf/emp-penguin.pdf has a colouring pagefor kids to have fun, when learning about animals.

32. http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/Animals/CreatureFeature/ is a superb site where you canclick on an animal to find out more about it. The 'more' includes facts, a video with sound,a map of places where it can be found, etc.

33. Resources for Teaching Middle School Science (1998) - http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5774 (ISBN 0309057817) National Science Resources Center of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and theSmithsonian Institution

34. Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science (1996) - http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4966 (ISBN 0309052939) National Science Resources Center of the NationalAcademy of Sciences and the Smithsonian Institution

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35. http://www.exploratorium.edu/explore/handson.html contains many online as well as hands onactivities for children of this age group and younger.

36. http://fi.edu/tfi/activity/act-summ.html contains many online as well as hands on activities forchildren of this age group and younger.

37. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/science_10_11.shtml contains activitieslisted alphabetically, topic wise.

38. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/9_10/changing_sounds.shtml contains simplesorting and tabulation exercises for Class V and below.

39. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips ages/10_11/forces_action.shtml contains more com-plicated tabulation and interpretation exercises for Class VI/VII.

40. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/teachers/ks4/bitesize_chemistry.shtml contains chemistry assess-ment worksheets for Classes VIII and IX.

41. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/classifyingmaterials/ contains exercises forassessing classification of matter, atomic structure, bonding and formulae/equations for ClassVIII and above.

42. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/electricity/ has some thinking-type questionsfor Class VIII and above.

43. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/forces/ has excellent questions for ClassesVII, VIII and above.

44. http://cse.edc.org/products/onlinecurr/catalog.asp has an online catalogue of web-based re-sources for middle and elementary school science.

45. http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm? method=cResource.dspView&ResourceID=491 hasa beautiful animation of the photoelectric effect, can be shown to Class VIII.

46. http://www.explorelearning.com has a number of interactive simulations to learn science, ap-propriate for this age group.

47. http://cse.edc.org/products/onlinecurr/WBMISearchResults.asp has a complete list of topicsand the modules available therein, for students of this age group and a little older as well.

48. http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Scients.htm has links to biographies ofscientists.

49. http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/pathdiscovery.html is a website with a collection of links fordiscovery and invention.

50. http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/science/sciencesbook.html is an Internet Sourcebook for theHistory of Science.

51. http://www.middleschoolscience.com/tunefork.htm has a good activity for learning about thetuning fork and sound vibrations, suitable for Classes VII and VIII.

52. http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/exp_shocking.html has a lovely interactive simulation of thekite experiment performed by Benjamin Franklin.

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53. http://www.pbs.org/teachers/sciencetech/ has grade-wise, topic-wise lesson plans for middleand primary school science teaching.

54. http://www.learner.org/resources/series90.html has a set of videos on the science of teachingscience.

55. h t t p : / / w w w. o u t l o o k i n d i a . c o m / s c r i p t u r 1 1 w 2 . a s p ? a c t = s i g n & u r l = /full.asp?fodname=20050328&fname=Science&sid=1 has Nobel Prize-Winning Science Dis-coveries made palatable for children.

56. http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/subjects/science/science_teaching_resources/provides links to a number of e-teaching learning resources for primary science.

57. http://www.firstscience.com/home/ is a leading online popular science magazine featuring ar-ticles on important breakthroughs, the latest science news, video clips, blogs, poems, facts,games and a whole lot more science-related content.

58. Chakmak: Science magazine for children http://www.eklavya.in/go/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=13&id=57&Itemid=84

59. Sandarbh: A resource bank for teachers http://www.eklavya.in/go/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=13&id=51&Itemid=72

60. Srote: Science and Technology features -http://www.eklavya.in/go/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=13&id=56&Itemid=81

61. http://www.gobartimes.org/20090315/20090315.asp is a bi-monthly children's magazine high-lighting news and views on environment and development through comic strips, cartoons,quizzes, essay competitions and interactive pages. It also serves as a useful teaching aid inclassroomsfor teachers.

62. http://edugreen.teri.res.in/index.asp is a website for children that makes environmental learningfun

63. http://www.nuffieldcurriculumcentre.org/go/Default.html provides links to websites of variousscience projects that undertake to enliven science teaching

64. http://www.exploratorium.edu/ifi/resources/workshops/teachingforconcept.html provides a linkto the paper Teaching for Conceptual Change: Confronting Children's Experience; Watson,Bruce and Richard Kopnicek; Phi Delta Kappan, May 1990.

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Some Important Organisations in Science Education

S.No. Name of the Organisation Contact Details

1. Agastya International Address : Kataria House, 219 Kamaraj Road,Foundation Bangalore - 560042. Phone : 080-25548913-16

Website : www.agastya.org E-Mail : Maagastya@vsnl.com

2 Avehi-Abacus Project Address : Third floor, K.K. Marg Municipal School,Saat Rasta, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai- 400 011Phone : (022)2307 5231, (022)2305 2790Website : http://avehiabacus.org E-mail : avcab@vsnl.com

3 Bangalore Association for Address : Jawaharlal Nehru Planetarium,Science Education (BASE) Sri. T. Chowdaiah Road, High Grounds, Bangalore-560001

Phone : 080-22266084, 22203234Website : http://www.taralaya.orgE-Mail : taralaya@vsnl.com

4 Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti/ Address : Basement of Y.W.A. Hostel No. II, Avenue - 21,Indian Organisation for G-Block, Saket, New Delhi-110 017.Learning and Science Phone : 011-2656 9943, Website : http://www.bgvs.org

E-Mail : bgvs_delhi@yahoo.co.in, bgvsdelhi@gmail.com

5 Center for Environment Address : Nehru Foundation for Development,Education Thaltej Tekra, Ahmedabad - 380 054, Gujarat

Phone : 079-26858002Website : http://www.ceeindia.orgE-Mail : cee@ceeindia.org

6 Center for Science and Address : 41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area,Environment New Delhi-110062, INDIA Phone : 011-29955124/25,

29956394, 29956401, 29956399Website : http://www.cseindia.orgE-Mail : cse@cseindia.org

7 C.P.R. Environmental Address : The C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation No.1,Education Centre (CPREEC) Eldams Road, Alwarpet, Chennai Tamilnadu, India-600 018

Phone : 044-24337023, 24346526, 24349366Website : www.cpreec.orgE-Mail : cpreec@vsnl.com, ecoheritage_cpreec@vsnl.net

8 Eklavya Address : E-10, BDA Colony, Shankar Nagar,Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal - 462 016 Madhya Pradesh, IndiaPhone : 0755-267 1017, 255 1109Website : http://eklavya.in

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S.No. Name of the Organisation Contact Details

9 Eklavya Institute of Teacher Address : Eklavya Education Foundation, Core House,Education (EI) Off. C.G.Road, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad-6

Phone : 079-26461629, Website : www.eklavya.orgE-mail : eklavya@ekalavya.org

10 Homi Bhabha Centre for Address : Mr. H C Pradhan, Tata Institute of FundamentalScience Education Research, V.N. Purav Marg, Mankhurd, Mumbai, 400088

Phone : 022-25554712, 25580036Website : www.hbcse.tifr.res.inE-Mail : postmaster@hbcse.tifr.res.in

11 Indian Science Congress Address : 14, Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata - 17Association Phone : 033-2287 4530

Website : http://sciencecongress.nic.inE-mail : iscacal@vsnl.net

12 Kalpavriksh Environment Address : 134, Tower 10, Supreme Enclave, Mayur Vihar,Action Group Phase 1, Delhi 110 09 Phone : 011-22753714

Website : http://www.kalpavriksh.org

13 Kerala Sastra Address : Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram PO,Sahitya Parishad Kozhikkode - 673 002, Kerala, India

Phone : 0495-2701919, 9447038195Website : http://www.kssp.org.inE-Mail : gskssp@gmail.com

14 National Council for Address : Department of Science & Technology TechnologyScience & Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi-11001Communication (NCSTC) Phone : 011-26567373, 26962819

Website : www.dst.gov.in E-Mail : dstinfo at nic dot in

15 Navanirmiti Address : Navnirmiti, 301,302,303, 3rd floor, A wing,Priyadarshani Apartment, Padmavati Road, IIT MarketGate, Powai, Mumbai- 400 076.Phone ; 022-25773215, 25786520Website : www.navnirmiti.orgE-mail : contact@navnirmiti.org

16 Nuffield Foundation Address : 28 Bedford Square London WC1B 3JSPhone : 020 7631 0566, 020 7580 7434Website : www.nuffieldfoundation.orgE-mail : info@nuffieldfoundation.org

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S.No. Name of the Organisation Contact Details

17 Rajiv Gandhi Foundation Address : Jawahar Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra, Prasad RoadNew Delhi - 110 001, INDIAPhone : 011-23755117, 23312456Website : www.rgfindia.org E-mail : info@rgfindia.org

18 State Institute of science Address : S.I.S.E (Rajya Vigyan Sansthan),education P.S.M Campus, Jabalpur, M.P. 482001

Phone : 0761-2625776 Website : http://sisejbp.nic.in

19 Sutradhar Address : 59/1, 3rd Cross, 10th A Main, Indiranagar2 Stage, Bangalore 560038. Phone : 080-25288545Website : www.sutradhar.com E-Mail : sutra@vsnl.com

20 Tamil Nadu Science Forum Address : Balaji Sampath, C2 Ratna Apts. AH 250,Shanti Colony, Annanagar, Chennai-600040,TAMIL NADU Phone : 044-26213638Website : bsampath@eng.umd.edu

21 Tamil Nadu State Council for Address : Directorate of Technical Education Campus,Science and Technology, Chennai 25. Phone : 022-22301428

Website : www.tanscst.orgE-mail : enquiry@tnscst.org

22 Vidya Bhawan Society Address : Fatehpura, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001Phone : 0294 2450911Website : http://www.vidyabhawan.orgE-Mail : info@vidyabhawan.org, vbsudr@yahoo.com

23 Vikram A Sarabhai Address : Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura,Community Science Center Ahmedabad - 380 009 Phone : 079-26302085,26302914

Website : www.vascsc.org, E-Mail : info@vascsc.org

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