CELL PARTS Chapter 4

Biology1 Nov.Please start a NEW PAGE for your warm-up & answer using FULL sentences.Did you study for yesterdayexam?* If YES HOW did you study?* If NO WHY didnt you study?List additional 3 ways you COULD HAVE studied.Exam corrections Half creditGrade less than 75% be here or expect a phone call home!Thursday 11/3:Homeroom, Lunch or After School (be here by 2:45)Friday 11/4: Lunch or After School Before school (Im here by 7AM)

InquiryCore Content: Conducting Analyses and Thinking LogicallyApply the scientific inquiry process to investigate the natural world.Generate and evaluate questions, scientific investigation, natural world, analyze data, conclusionsUnderstand and apply communication, collaboration, and scientific honesty to the advancement of science.Hypotheses, evidence, theory, testable predictions, reliability, communication, validity, intellectual honesty

1-3 November, 2011

Read the article. Strange But True: Drinking Too Much Water Can KillAnswer questions about the article in the back of your lab book (warmup section).Too Much Water http://www.webmd.com/video/benefits-of-waterCell membranes are made of molecules called PHOSPHOLIPIDSLipid = FATS/OILSHow do oils respond to water?Not attracted to water HYDROPHOBIC Water-fearing

Phosphate headsAttracted to waterHYDROPHILIC Water-liking

Cell membranes are a Bilayer

Two layers of phospholipids

Inside: hydrophobic tail

Outside: hydrophilic heads

Think: Doublestuff OREO cookie.

The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER is the basic structure of cell membranes.

Animation: http://www.yellowtang.org/animations/bilayer.swf

Whats all that stuff in the membrane?

Membrane Permeability: http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_int_membraneweb/ Cell MembranesMembranes are not frozen structures, like a brick wall. They are fluid!Fluid = Able to move.Animation: http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/lipids/membrane%20fluidity.swf

Cell MembranesMembrane-spanning proteins + Fluidity enables molecules to get into and out of cells.

Membrane Permeability: http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_int_membraneweb/ Faciltated Diffusion:http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_works.html

Cellular TransportCh. 7-3Adapted from Brookings.comhttp://www.brookings.k12.sd.us/biology/transport.htm

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

Teachers Domainhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_int_membraneweb/Kidspiration by: Riedell

See a video clip aboutDIFFUSION-7A

Diffusion

http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.pngMolecules move _______where theres _______ ____where theres _______

Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gifFROMtoA LOTNOTDIFFUSION across a spaceHappens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________DIFFERENCEConcentration gradient

DIFFUSION across a SPACEMolecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentrationEXAMPLESHigherLowerBlue dye in beaker demo,Someone making popcorn/grilling outStrong perfume,Bad smell in room

http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpgDOWNfromtoDIFFUSION across a spaceDiffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________Equilibriumhttp://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

equal everywhereMolecules need to move across membranes in cells

Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.htmlDiffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too

as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________acrossmembranepass throughVOCAB_____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

_____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved

SOLUTESOLVENT

http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg__________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution

CONCENTRATION

The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentrationImages by RiedellMOREGREATERABSolutes = ______________& __________

Solvent = ____________

Koolaid drink = ______________Use new vocab to make KoolaidsugarKoolaid powder

http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

WatersolutionWhat if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules cant move across a membrane?

WATER will move until concentrationreaches equilibriumVideo of OsmosisHow Osmosis Works- Prentice Hall

For examplewhat do you think will happen? What will move? What will stay?

?Result:

Why?

See an animation Osmosis1 http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/osmosis1.jpg

Animation: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis1.swfAnimation

Solute concentrationLower outsidethan insideEqual outsideand insideGreater outsidethan insideHYPOTONICISOTONICHYPERTONICWhat will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?Remember:Cells try to maintain stable internal conditions =____________________

HOMEOSTASIS

So an animal cell inISOTONIC conditionsstays same size

http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol121/Osmosis/Osmosis.aspWater entering = water leavingVideoChoose Blood Isotonic linkIf cells cant maintain stable internal conditions . . .damage can result and cells can die.

http://www.the-aps.org/education/lot/cell/Quiz.htm

OSMOSISHYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell

More water enters than leaves cell so cellwill ___________________

LESS THANswell and possibly burstSee an animationOsmosis3Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf

VideoChoose Blood Hypotonic link OSMOSISHYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell

More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________GREATER THANshrinksSee an animationOSMOSIS 4 Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf

VideoChoose Blood Hypertonic link Animal cells

http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif= CYTOLYSIS= CRENATION_________ _______________ keeps___________plant cells from burstingPlant cells

http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif= PLASMOLYSISCELL WALLVACUOLES store WATER

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html_____________________________ =Pressure exerted by the movement of water during osmosisOSMOTIC PRESSURESO WHAT? Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis

Bath water is ________________compared to youhypotonicentersGrocery stores spray water on their veggies to plump them uphttp://www.painetworks.com/photos/gt/gt0461.JPG

SO WHAT?

DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood)http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.htmlCELL EXAMPLE: CO2 automatically movesfrom where there is aHIGHER concentration (in blood) to where thereis a lower concentration (in lungs)PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?_______________Cell example:Want to put MORE glucoseinto mitochondria when there isalready glucose in there(LOWER HIGHER)

Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg AGAINSTPROBLEM for Cells?

Cell membranes areSELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

See a movieVideo from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swfWhat if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ moleculesthat cant getthrough themembrane?

http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpgLARGEPOLARPROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion happens very slowly

What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (cant wait for it to diffuse)Cell example:Movement of Na + & K+ ions required to send nerve signals

http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.pngFASTCells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAYHELPcant gothemselvesKidspiration by: Riedell

See a video about Passive transport 7-C__________________________________

___________________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

Kinds of ________ TransportDiffusionChannelsFacilitated DiffusionCarriersPASSIVESites for concept mapshttp://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/servlet/SBReadResourceServlet?rid=1165154970624_192798767_6077&partName=htmltextDIFFUSION across a membraneHappens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other DIFFERENCEhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/passiveanim.htmlSee diffusionanimationconcentration

DIFFUSIONNo energy required = _______

Moves _______ concentration gradient from ___________________

Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane Example of molecules that move this way in cells:________ & ____________ PASSIVEOXYGEN Carbon dioxideHIGHER to LOWERDOWN

http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gifFACILITATED DIFFUSIONuses _______________ to help molecules across

2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________CarriersChannelsAnimations from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gifhttp://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

membrane proteinsFacilitated Diffusion with CARRIER PROTEINSAnimation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif

Carrier proteingrabs molecule, changes shape, andflips across toother side like arevolving door

http://www.gobananas.co.uk/edinburgh-stag-party/enquiry/index.htmFACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELShttp://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm

Membrane proteins create a tunnel throughwhich moleculescan pass_______________ allow________ ionsto get past the ____________ centerION CHANNELSchargedhydrophobicFACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS________ proteins allow _________________ molecules to get past the __________ middle of cell membrane.AquaporinpolarhydrophobicWATER

http://www.spps.kvl.dk/news/0507/Lund4.jpgFACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELSThe movement of water moleculesacross a cell membrane is called______________OSMOSIS

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/channelanim.htmlALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSIONNo energy required = _____________

Moves ________ concentration gradient from ________________________

___________________ help molecules get across membrane

PASSIVEMembrane proteins HIGHER to LOWERDOWNEXAMPLES OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION IN CELLSCARRIER PROTEINS

ION CHANNELS

AQUAPORINS (OSMOSIS)GLUCOSEWATERNa+ , Cl- , Ca++ , K+ Kidspiration by: Riedell

________________________________________

__________________________________

________________________________

___________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

Kinds of ________TransportPUMPSSodium-PotassiumProtonACTIVEVesiclesEndocytosisExocytosishttp://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/biology1111/animations/active1.swf Good clip about active and passive transport!See a video clip aboutNa+-K+ pump -7D

Na+ and K + PUMP

Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htmSee a movie about Na+ - K+ pumpSODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP___________ transport (requires energy from ______)

Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______Special just for Na+ and K + ions

Uses _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules

Example: nerve cellsNa+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells

ACTIVE membrane proteins pumpsATPlowhighPROTON PUMPSee a movie proton pump

Moves Protons across membrane = ___ ionsH+More on this in Chap 8 & 9PROTON PUMP___________ transport (requires energy from ______)

Can move molecules from _____ concentrationto ________

Special just for H+ ions

Uses integral ________________ to move molecules

Examples: Lysosomes need acidic conditions for digestionPhotosynthesis/Respiration (more on this to come in Ch 8 & 9)ACTIVEProtein pumpsATPlowhighACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules

Used for transporting molecules:If entering the cell = ______________If exiting the cell = _______________ VESICLESENDOCYTOSISEXOCYTOSIS

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exocy.htmSee a video clip aboutEndo/exocytosis -7E

2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSISfor taking substances into cellIf taking in:fluid or small molecules =_________________large particles or whole cells =______________

PINOCYTOSISPHAGOCYTOSIS

Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/endocytb.htmENDOCYTOSISSubstances taken into cell__________ transport (requires________)

Uses ______________ to carry substances

Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______

Examples in cells:one celled organisms eat this waywhite blood cells get rid of bacteria this wayACTIVEVESICLESenergylowhighENDOCYTOSIS

Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/Protist eating anotherPHAGOCYTOSIS

___________ destroying _______White blood cellgermsWHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA(Phagocytosis)

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x28.jpgEXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell__________ transport (requires________)

Uses ______________ to carry substancesCan move molecules from _____ concentration to ______Examples in cells:_________ release packaged proteins this wayACTIVEVESICLESenergyGOLGIlowhighGOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSISAnimation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html

See a Golgi movieVideo: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swfEndocytosis & ExocytosisWatch a video clip about endo/exocytosis

Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis

videoChoose Screen/Switch programs to viewVideos from: http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/notes/chp8/exocytosis_endocytosis.movhttp://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week2/endocytosis.mov

INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x26.jpgSee a video clip aboutOSMOSIS -7B

Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.

9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.Transport

SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDSLIFE SCIENCECore High School Life SciencePerformance DescriptorsHigh school students performing at the ADVANCED level:predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems;predict the function of a given structure;High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level:describe the relationship between structure and function;predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment;High school students performing at the BASIC levelrecognize that different structures perform different functions;define homeostasis;