biology syllabus - revision.co.zw · the biology syllabus is designed for learners in forms 3 ......

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

BIOLOGY SYLLABUS

FORMS 3 - 4

2015 - 2022

Curriculum Development and Technical ServicesP. O. Box MP 133Mount Pleasant

Harare

© All Rights Reserved2015

Biology Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education would like to acknowledge contributions made by the following towards the development of this syllabus:

• Panelists for Form 3 and 4 Biology syllabuses• Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)• Government Departments• Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)• UnitedNationsEducationalScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)

i


ii

CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................................................. i

CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................................ ii

1.0 PREAMBLE.......................................................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS........................................................................................................................ 1

3.0 AIMS.................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................... 1

5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION....................................................................................................... 2

6.0.TOPICS................................................................................................................................................................ 2

7.0. SCOPE AND SEQUENCE................................................................................................................................... 3

FORM 3...................................................................................................................................................................... 5

FORM 4.................................................................................................................................................................... 28

9.0 ASSESSMENT.................................................................................................................................................... 40

ASSESSMENT MODEL........................................................................................................................................... 43

10.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN SYLLABUS/SCIENCE PAPERS.............................................................. 44


1

1.0 PREAMBLE

1.1. Introduction

The Biology Syllabus is designed for learners in Forms 3 and 4. The learners are expected to acquire theory and practical skills as well as develop cognitively, emotionally, physically and socially. The syllabus aims at balancing knowledge, understanding and practical skills in order to produceeffectivelearners.Thecontentprovidesafirmfoundation for careers such as in Medicine, Food Tech-nology, Biotechnology and Environmental Science.

1.2. Rationale

Biology is the study of the dynamic relationships between living things, their interdependence, their interactions with the non-living environment and the pro-cesses that maintain life and ensure its continuity. This syllabus encourages learners to employ biological skills insolvingreallifeproblemsandalsoemphasizesthelinkbetween human activities and the environment. Learners acquire knowledge and skills of inquiry that help them to critically examine issues that arise in their own lives and in the public domain. The skills will be acquired through understanding of biological concepts and practical application. It is therefore important that the learners be afforded an opportunity to study Biology as they prepare for self-reliance and future careers.

1.3. Summary of Content

The content covered by this syllabus includes theory and practical skills in the broad areas of Biology such as Biochemistry, Cytology, Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics, Ecology, Systematics, Health and Disease.

1.4 Asumptions

The syllabus assumes that learners have:

• acquiredskillsinhandlingapparatus• learntaboutthehazardsandsafetyprecautions

during experiments• knowledgeofthebasicconceptsofBiology• developedanawarenessofandinterestinthe

conservation of the environment• abasicunderstandingofhealthanddiseaseis-

sues

1.5 Cross- Cutting Themes

In order to foster competency development for further studies, life and work, the following cross-cutting priorities have been taken into consideration:

• Genderandinclusivity• Environmentalissues• InformationandCommunicationTechnologyTools• Children’sRightsandResponsibilities• DisasterRiskManagement• LifeSkills• Collaboration• Sexuality,HIVandAIDS• Respectforlife• Heritagestudies

2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUSThe Biology syllabus is presented as a stand-alone document with content to be covered in Forms 3 and 4.

3.0 AIMSThe syllabus aims to help learners:

3.1 appreciate the contribution of Biology to the sustainable socio-economic development of the country

3.2 develop practical skills such as accuracy, ob-jectivity, integrity and enquiry

3.3 develop good practices for health and safety3.4 applyscientificmethodinsolvingeverydaylife

challenges3.5 recognise that the study and practice of Biolo-

gy are inter-related.3.6 appreciate that the study and practice of Bi-

ology are subject to economic, technological, social,political,ethicalandculturalinfluences

3.7 develop an interest in caring for the local and global environment

4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES

Learners should be able to:4.1 demonstrate knowledge of biological terms,

laws, facts, concepts, principles, theories and phenomena


2

4.2 use appropriate technological instruments to collect and analyse data

4.3conductexperimentsusingthescientificmeth-ods of enquiry

4.4 apply health and safety precautions in every-day life

4.5 draw biological diagrams in two dimension4.6 carryoutsimplescientificcalculations4.7 translate information from one form to another4.8 draw logical conclusions based on the exam-

ination of evidence4.9 communicate information logically and concise-

ly4.10 apply biological principles in solving problems

and understanding new situations4.11 identify the practical constraints affecting bio-

logical investigations4.12 use biological principles, methods and tech-

niques in value addition4.13 explain the effects of technological applications

on the environment4.14 interpret the relationship between living organ-

isms and their environment

5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION

5.1 Methodology

The syllabus is based upon interactive, multi-sensory, learner centered and practical approaches. Principles of individuality, team work, wholeness and stimulation must be applied to enhance the learning and teaching process. The learners should be allowed to apply their experienc-es, knowledge, skills and attitudes in the learning of the subject. The following are the suggested methods:

5.1.1 Experimentation5.1.2 Discovery 5.1.3 Demonstrations5.1.4 Problem solving5.1.5 Discussions5.1.6 Visualtactile5.1.7 e-learning5.1.8 Group work5.1.9 Educational tours5.1.10 Project based learning5.1.11 Case studies5.1.12 Observations5.1.13 Simulations

5.2 Time Allocation

For adequate coverage of the syllabus, a time allocation of 8 periods of at least 35 minutes each per week is rec-ommended. Double periods are recommended.

6.0. TOPICS

The syllabus consists of eleven topics

6.1 Branches of Biology6.2 Chemicals of life6.3 Cells and cellular activities6.4 Enzymes6.5 Plant science6.6 Animal science6.7 Microbiology and Biotechnology6.8 Genetics 6.9 Biodiversity6.10 Ecosystems6.11 Health and Disease


3

7.0.

SC

OPE

AN

D S

EQU

ENC

E

7

7.8

Gen

etic

s

C

hrom

osom

es a

nd G

enes

Mon

ohyb

rid in

herit

ance

Mut

atio

ns

Va

riation

Se

lect

ion

7.9

Bio

dive

rsity

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

Thre

ats

and

cons

erva

tion

mea

sure

s

7.10

Ec

osys

tem

s

Ecos

yste

ms

N

atur

al s

yste

ms

Artif

icia

l sys

tem

s

M

anag

emen

t of e

cosy

stem

s

7.11

H

ealth

and

Dis

ease

s

Hea

lth

D

isea

ses

(Infe

ctio

us a

nd n

on-in

fect

ious

)

Dru

g us

e an

d ab

use

6 7.

0

SCO

PE A

ND

SEQ

UEN

CE

TO

PIC

FO

RM 3

FO

RM 4

7.

1 Sa

fety

, Car

eers

and

Bra

nche

s in

Bio

logy

Safe

ty in

the

labo

rato

ry

Br

anch

es o

f Bio

logy

Car

eers

Sa

fety

labe

ls a

nd s

ymbo

ls

7.2

Che

mic

als

of li

fe

C

onst

ituen

ts a

nd id

entif

icat

ion

of :

- W

ater

-

Car

bohy

drat

es

- Pr

otei

ns

- Li

pids

-

Nuc

leic

aci

ds

Cla

ssifi

catio

n ,c

hem

ical

stru

ctur

e an

d us

es:

- C

arbo

hydr

ates

-

Prot

eins

-

Lipi

ds

- N

ucle

ic a

cids

7.3

Cel

ls a

nd c

ellu

lar a

ctiv

ities

Plan

t and

ani

mal

cel

l stru

ctur

e

Cellspecialization

C

ellu

lar t

rans

port

7.4

Enzy

mes

Natureandpropertiesofenzym

es

M

ode

of a

ctio

n Industrialapplicationofenzym

es

7.5

Plan

t Sci

ence

Nut

ritio

n

Prod

uctiv

ity

Tr

ansp

ort

R

epro

duct

ion

C

oord

inat

ion

and

resp

onse

7.6

Anim

al S

cien

ce

N

utrit

ion

G

aseo

us e

xcha

nge

R

espi

ratio

n

Tran

spor

t

Imm

unity

Sexu

al re

prod

uctio

n in

hum

ans

Pr

oduc

tivity

Hom

eost

asis

Coo

rdin

atio

n an

d re

spon

se

En

docr

ine

syst

em

Sk

elet

al s

yste

m

7.7

Mic

robi

olog

y an

d B

iote

chno

logy

Cha

ract

eris

tics

Type

s an

d ec

onom

ic

impo

rtanc

e of

mic

roor

gani

sms

R

ecom

bina

nt G

ene

Tech

nolo

gy


4

7

7.8

Gen

etic

s

C

hrom

osom

es a

nd G

enes

Mon

ohyb

rid in

herit

ance

Mut

atio

ns

Va

riation

Se

lect

ion

7.9

Bio

dive

rsity

Cla

ssifi

catio

n

Thre

ats

and

cons

erva

tion

mea

sure

s

7.10

Ec

osys

tem

s

Ecos

yste

ms

N

atur

al s

yste

ms

Artif

icia

l sys

tem

s

M

anag

emen

t of e

cosy

stem

s

7.11

H

ealth

and

Dis

ease

s

Hea

lth

D

isea

ses

(Infe

ctio

us a

nd n

on-in

fect

ious

)

Dru

g us

e an

d ab

use


5

8.0

CO

MPE

TEN

CY

MAT

RIX

FOR

M 3

8.1

TOPI

C 1

SA

FETY

, CA

REE

RS

AN

D B

RA

NC

HES

IN B

IOLO

GY

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

sble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

e an

d Sk

ills)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

-TI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

-ES

8.1.

1 Sa

fety

in th

e la

bora

tory

•identifycausesofaccidents

in th

e la

bora

tory

•

outlinelaboratorysafety

rule

s•

performfiredrills

•mem

orisethelocalemer

-ge

ncy

num

bers

•makeafireguardaround

the

labo

rato

ry•

demonstrateuseofthe

Firs

t Aid

Kit

•Causesofaccidentsinthe

labo

rato

ry-

Fire

- Fu

mes

-

Acid

s an

d st

rong

bas

-es

- H

andl

ing

of m

icro

or

gani

sms

- Im

prop

er h

andl

ing

of

appa

ratu

s-

Elec

trici

ty

•Laboratorysafetyrules

- Fi

re d

rills

- Lo

cal e

mer

genc

y ca

ll nu

mbe

rs

•Identifyingcausesofaccidents

in th

e la

bora

tory

.•

Listingaccidentsthatmayoccur

durin

g ex

perim

ents

.•

Dem

onstratingproperhandling

of a

ppar

atus

.•

Discussingelectricalhazards.

•Discussinglaboratorysafety

rule

s.•

Performingmockfiredrills.

•Dem

onstratingem

ergencycall.

•Preparingafireguardaround

the

labo

rato

ry.

•Dem

onstratinguseofthecon-

tent

s of

the

Firs

t Aid

Kit.

•Chartsshowingelectrical

hazards

•ICTtools

•Brailsoftware/Jaws

•Fireextinguishers

•Fireblankets

•Sa

ndbuckets

•Firealertbells

•Fumecupboards

•Gogglesandmasks

•Gloves

•FirstAidKit

8.1.

2 B

ranc

hes

of B

iolo

gy•

identifyvariousbranchesof

Biol

ogy

•Branches

- C

ytol

ogy

- An

atom

y-

Phys

iolo

gy-

Ecol

ogy

- G

enet

ics

- Bi

otec

hnol

ogy

- M

icro

biol

ogy

- Zo

olog

y-

Bota

ny

•Discussingthevariousbranches

of B

iolo

gy•

Relevantreferencema-

teria

ls

•ICTtools


6

8.1

TOPI

C 1

SA

FETY

, CA

REE

RS

AN

D B

RA

NC

HES

IN B

IOLO

GY

8.2

TOPI

C 2

C

HEM

ICA

LS O

F LI

FE

9

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.1.

3 C

aree

rs

lis

t Bio

logy

rela

ted

care

ers

C

aree

rs s

uch

as:

- M

edic

ine

- R

esea

rch

scie

ntis

ts

- Ec

olog

ists

-

Con

serv

atio

nist

s -

Die

ticia

ns

R

esea

rchi

ng o

n ca

reer

s re

late

d to

var

ious

bra

nche

s of

Bio

logy

.

IC

T to

ols

Br

aille

software/Jaws

C

aree

r gui

danc

e bo

okle

t

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

sble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

Kno

wl-

deg

and

Skill

s)SU

GG

ESTE

D N

OTE

S A

ND

A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.2.

1 W

ater

•statetheconstituentele

-m

ents

of w

ater

•describethechem

ical

stru

ctur

e of

wat

er•

relatethepropertiesof

wat

er to

its

uses

in li

ving

or

gani

sms

and

as a

hab

itat

for l

ivin

g or

gani

sms

•Constituentelements

•Chemicalstructure

•Properties

- tra

nspa

rent

- so

lven

t-

highspecificheatca-

paci

ty-

reag

ent

•Uses

- ph

otos

ynth

esis

- so

lven

t-

cool

ing

- ha

bita

ts-

reag

ent

•Nam

ingtheconstituentsof

wat

er.

•Constructingthemodelof

a w

ater

mol

ecul

e.•

Dem

onstratingtheunusual

beha

vior

of

wat

er w

hen

it freezes

•Relatingthepropertiesof

wat

er to

its

uses

in li

ving

or

gani

sms

•Liquidandfrozenwater

mod

els

of a

wat

er m

olec

ule

•ICTtools

•Braillesoftware/Jaws

8.2.

3

Car

bohy

drat

es

Prot

eins

, Lip

ids

and

Nuc

leic

A

cids

•statetheconstituentele

-m

ents

of c

arbo

hydr

ates

, pr

otei

ns, l

ipid

s an

d nu

clei

c ac

ids

•Constituentelements

•Identifyingtheconstituent

elem

ents

of c

arbo

hydr

ates

, pr

otei

ns, l

ipid

s an

d nu

clei

c ac

ids

•Iodinesolution

•Be

nedict’ssolution

•Biuretsolution/sodium

hy-

drox

ide

and

cop

per


7

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(Atti

tude

s, K

now

l-de

ge a

nd S

kills

)SU

GG

ESTE

D L

EAR

NIN

G

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

SSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.3.

1 P

lant

and

Ani

mal

Cel

ls•

defineacell

•identifypartsofthecells

•outlinefunctionsofcell

orga

nelle

s

•comparethestructuresof

plan

t and

ani

mal

cel

ls

•Structuralandfunctional

units

•Plantandanimalcellstruc-

ture

- N

ucle

us-

Cyt

opla

sm-

Cel

l mem

bran

e-

Vacuole

- C

ell w

all

- M

itoch

ondr

ion

- C

hlor

opla

st

•Definingacell.

•Observingcellsunderthe

mic

rosc

ope

and

biov

iew

-er

s.•

Drawingandlabelingplant

and

anim

al c

ells

.•

Com

paringthestructures

of p

lant

and

ani

mal

cel

ls

•Microscope

•Biosetsandbioviewers

•Printm

edia

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

sble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

Kno

wl-

deg

and

Skill

s)SU

GG

ESTE

D N

OTE

S A

ND

A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

•performteststoidentify

redu

cing

sug

ars,

non

-re-

duci

ng s

ugar

s, p

rote

ins

and

lipid

s

•Su

b-units

- G

luco

se a

s su

b un

its o

f st

arch

, cel

lulo

se, g

lyco

-ge

n -

Amin

o ac

ids

as s

ub-

units

of p

rote

ins

- Fa

tty a

cids

and

gly

cero

l as

sub

-uni

ts o

f lip

ids

- N

ucle

otid

es a

s su

b un

its

of n

ucle

ic a

cids

•Identificationofreducing

suga

rs, n

on-re

duci

ng s

ug-

ars,

sta

rch,

pro

tein

s an

d lip

ids

•Carryingoutthefollowing

identificationtests:

- Io

dine

test

for s

tarc

h-

Bene

dict

’s te

st fo

r re-

duci

ng s

ugar

- Bi

uret

test

for p

rote

ins

-Em

ulsion/spottestfor

lipid

s

sulp

hate

•Hydrochloricacid

•So

dium

hydrogencarbonate

•Ethanol

•Water

•Filterpaper

8.2

TOPI

C 2

C

HEM

ICA

LS O

F LI

FE C

ON

TD..

8.3

TOPI

C 3

C

ELLS

AN

D C

ELLU

LAR

AC

TIVI

TIES


8

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

-TI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

-ES

8.3.

2 C

ell S

peci

alis

atio

n•

identifyspecializedcells

•relatecellstructuretofunction

•Pa

lisade–photosynthe-

sis

•Roothair–absorption

•Neurone–transm

ission

of im

puls

e•

Redbloodcell–trans-

port

of o

xyge

n•

Whitebloodcell–im

mu-

nity

•Musclecell–contraction

•Sp

erm–fertilizationand

mot

ility

•Ovum–fertilizationand

food

rese

rve

•Relatingcellstructuretofunc

-tio

n•

Exam

iningspecialisedcells

usin

g bi

ovie

wer

s, m

icro

-sc

opes

and

pho

tom

icro

-gr

aphs

.•

Drawinglabeledspecialised

cells

•Biosets

•Bioviewers

•Ph

otom

icrographs

•Printm

edia

•Microscopes

•ICTtools


8.3

TOPI

C 3

C

ELLS

AN

D C

ELLU

LAR

AC

TIVI

TIES

CO

NTD

..

8.4

TOPI

C 4

EN

ZYM

ES

13

8.4

TOPI

C 4

EN

ZYM

ES

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.4.

1 N

atur

e an

d pr

oper

ties

of e

nzym

es

de

fine

an enzym

e

expl

ain

the

prop

ertie

s of

enzymes

Bi

olog

ical

cat

alys

t

Prot

ein

natu

re a

nd

subs

trate

spe

cific

ity

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e co

ncep

t of

enzyme

C

arry

ing

out e

xper

imen

ts to

in

vest

igat

e pr

oper

ties

of

enzymessuchas:amylase

from

ger

min

atin

g ra

poko

se

edlin

g an

d ca

tala

se fr

om

fresh

pla

nt a

nd a

nim

al

tissu

e (N

.B. N

o tis

sues

fro

m h

uman

or w

ild

anim

als)

R

apok

o or

any

oth

er

grai

n

Fres

h tis

sues

from

pl

ants

e.g

. pea

s be

ans

and

pota

to

Fr

esh

tissu

e fro

m

dom

estic

ani

mal

s e.

g.

liver

ICT

tool

s

Braillesoftware/Jaws

M

odel

s

H

ydro

gen

pero

xide

8.4.

2 M

ode

of e

nzym

e ac

tion

explainenzymeaction

in

vest

igat

e fa

ctor

s th

at a

ffect

therateofenzym

ecatalyzedreactions

Mod

e of

act

ion

(The

lo

ck a

nd k

ey

hypo

thes

is)

Fact

ors

affe

ctin

g enzymeactivity;

-

Tem

pera

ture

-

pH

U

sing

mod

els

and

anim

atio

ns to

illu

stra

te th

e lo

ck a

nd k

ey c

once

pt

Inve

stig

atin

g ef

fect

s of

te

mpe

ratu

re a

nd p

H o

n enzymeactivity.


9

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

-TI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

-ES

8.4.

2 M

ode

of e

nzym

e ac

tion

•explainenzymeaction

•investigatefactorsthataffect

therateofenzym

ecatalyzed

reac

tions

•Modeofaction(Thelock

and

key

hypo

thes

is)

•Factorsaffectingen

-zymeactivity;

- Te

mpe

ratu

re-

pH

•Usingmodelsandanimations

to il

lust

rate

the

lock

and

key

co

ncep

t•

Investigatingeffectsoftem

-peratureandpHonenzyme

activ

ity.

8.4

TOPI

C 4

EN

ZYM

ES C

ON

TD..

8.5

TOPI

C 5

PL

AN

T SC

IEN

CE

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

-TI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.5.

1 N

utrit

ion

•definephotosynthesis

•Statethewordequationfor

phot

osyn

thes

is•

investigateconditionsneces-

sary

for p

hoto

synt

hesi

s •

explaintheimportanceofpho

-to

synt

hesi

s in

an

ecos

yste

m•

investigatefactorsaffecting

the

rate

of p

hoto

synt

hesi

s•

relatethestructureoftheleaf

to it

s fu

nctio

n in

pho

tosy

nthe

-si

s

•investigategaseousexchange

in p

lant

s

•Ph

otosynthesis

•Wordequation

•Conditionsnecessary:

chlo

roph

yll,

light

, car

bon

diox

ide

•Fateofendproductsof

phot

osyn

thes

is•

Importanceofphotosyn-

thes

is•

Factorsaffectingthe

rate

of p

hoto

synt

hesi

s (li

ght i

nten

sity

,•

carbondioxide

•Describingtheprocessof

phot

osyn

thes

is.

•Carryingoutcontrolledex

-pe

rimen

ts to

sho

w c

ondi

tions

ne

cess

ary

for p

hoto

synt

hesi

s •

Discussingthefateofend

prod

ucts

•Carryingoutexperiments

to s

how

the

effe

cts

of th

ese

fact

ors.

•Observingtheexternalstruc-

ture

of l

eaf.

•Ap

paratusforstarch

test

ing

•Po

ttedplants

•Iodinesolution

•Handlenses

•Microscopes

•Bioviewers

•Limewater/bicarbonate

indi

cato

r


10

8.5

TOPI

C 5

PL

AN

T SC

IEN

CE

CO

NTD

..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

-TI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.5.

1 N

utrit

ion

•describethefunctionsofnitro-

gen

phos

phor

us a

nd p

otas

si-

um o

n pl

ant g

row

th•

describetheeffectsofdefi

-ci

enci

es o

f nitr

ogen

, pho

spho

-ru

s an

d po

tass

ium

•concentrationandtem

-pe

ratu

re)

•Ad

aptationoftheleafto

phot

osyn

thes

is•

Gaseousexchangein

leav

es

•MineralNutrients

-Nitrogen(N

)–protein

synt

hesi

s an

d •

chlorophyllformation

-Ph

osphorous(P)–

synt

hesi

s of

ATP

and

-

nucl

eic

acid

s-

Potassium(K

)–ion

and

osm

otic

bal

ance

•Defiencysigns

-N–stuntedgrowth

and

chlo

rosi

s-

P–Stuntedroot

grow

th a

nd p

urpl

ish

leaf

col

ourin

g-

K–yellowandbrown

leaf

mar

gins

and

pre

-m

atur

e de

ath

(poo

r floweringandfruiting)

•Observingpreparedslidesof

leaf

inte

rnal

stru

ctur

e.•

Carryingoutexperiments

to d

emon

stra

te g

aseo

us i

n pl

ants

.

•Discussingthefunctionsof

nitro

gen,

pho

spho

rus

and

pota

ssiu

m o

n pl

ant g

row

th.

•Carryingoutcultureexperi-

men

ts

•Ap

paratusforstarch

test

ing

•Po

ttedplants

•Iodinesolution

•Handlenses

•Microscopes

•Bioviewers

•Limewater/bicarbonate

indi

cato

r•

ICTtools


•Culturesolutions

•Plants


11

8.5

TOPI

C 5

PL

AN

T SC

IEN

CE

CO

NTD

..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

-TI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.5.

2 P

rodu

ctiv

ity•

definebiom

ass

•defineproductivity

•explainfactorsaffectingpro-

duct

ivity

•definepest

•identifytypesofplantpests

and

dise

ases

•

explainhowpestsanddiseas-

es a

ffect

pro

duct

ivity

•describemethodsofcon

-tro

lling

pest

s an

d di

seas

es•

outlinetheadvantagesand

disa

dvan

tage

s of

eac

h m

etho

d

•Organiccontent

•Increaseinbiomass

over

time

•Factorsaffectingpro-

duct

ivity

-

Ligh

t-

Min

eral

sal

ts-

Tem

pera

ture

- W

ater

ava

ilabi

lity

- Pe

sts

and

dise

ases

•Pe

stasanorganism

whi

ch re

duce

s pr

oduc

-tiv

ity

•Pe

sts:

-Tissue–eating

- Sa

p-su

ckin

g pe

sts

•Diseases:

- Ba

cter

ial w

ilt

- Fu

ngal

rust

- R

educ

tion

of y

ield

s•

Managem

ent,cultural,

chem

ical

and

bio

logi

cal

•Carryingoutexperimentsto

mea

sure

bio

mas

s•

Discussingproductivityin

term

s of

incr

ease

in b

iom

ass

.

•Discussingfactorsaffecting

prod

uctiv

ity

•Observingplantsaffectedby

vario

us p

ests

and

dis

ease

s

•Classifyingpests

•Discussingeffectsofplant

pest

s an

d di

seas

es o

n pr

o-du

ctiv

ity.

•Discussingmethodsofcon

-tro

lling

plan

t pes

ts a

nd d

is-

easeswithspecificreference

tomaize,cottonandtobacco

•Ba

lances

•Ovens

•Printm

edia

•Schoolgroundsand

neighboringfields

•Preservedplantpests

and

affe

cted

pla

nts

•Resourceperson


12

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

Kno

wld

eg a

nd

Skill

s)SU

GG

ESTE

D L

EAR

NIN

G A

CTI

VITI

ES

AN

D N

OTE

SSU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES8.

5.3

Tra

nspo

rt•

describethegeneralstruc-

ture

of a

pla

nt

•distinguishbetweenmono-

coty

ledo

nous

and

dic

otyl

e-do

nous

pla

nts

•identifypartsoftheinternal

stru

ctur

e of

a y

oung

dic

otyl

e-do

nous

ste

m a

nd ro

ot•

compareinternalstructure

of d

icot

yled

onou

s st

em a

nd

root

•statethefunctionsofxylem

an

d ph

loem

ves

sels

•definetranspiration

•describethefunctionsof

trans

pira

tion

•investigatefactorsaffecting

rate

of t

rans

pira

tion

•describeadaptationsof

leavestominimizewaterloss

•describehowwiltingoccurs

•definetranslocation

•describetheeffectofring

bark

ing

•ExternalPlantstructure

•Stem

,leaves,flow

ers,seedsandroots

•Plantstemandrootinternalstructure

•Stem

:Epidermis,cortexandvascular

tissu

e an

d pi

th•

Root:Ep

idermis,cortex,vasculartissue

and

root

hai

rs•

Xylem–supportandtransport

•Ph

loem

–transport

•Transpiration

•Functionsoftranspiration

- W

ater

and

ion

mov

emen

t in

xyle

m-

Coo

ling

effe

ct•

Factorsaffectingrateoftranspiration

- Su

rface

are

a-

Stom

ata

dist

ribut

ion

- Te

mpe

ratu

re-

Win

d-

Hum

idity

- Li

ght i

nten

sity

•Ad

aptations

- R

educ

tion

of s

urfa

ce a

rea

- Th

ickn

ess

of c

utic

le-

Dis

tribu

tion

of s

tom

ata

- Pr

esen

ce o

f hai

rs•

Wiltinganditssignificance

•Translocation

•effectstoplantsandtheenvironm

ent

•Ed

ucationaltourtoobservethegener-

al s

truct

ure

of p

lant

s

•Com

paringthestructuresofdicotyle-

dono

us a

nd m

onoc

otyl

edon

ous

plan

ts•

Observingpreparedslidesshowing

inte

rnal

stru

ctur

es o

f ste

m a

nd ro

ot

•Makinglabelleddraw

ingsofobserved

stru

ctur

es-

Dis

cuss

ing

the

func

tions

of x

ylem

and

ph

loem

•Discussingtheconceptandfunctions

of tr

ansp

iratio

n

•Carryingoutexperimentstoinves-

tigat

e fa

ctor

s af

fect

ing

the

rate

of

trans

pira

tion.

•Dem

onstrating

•transpiration

•Observingleaves.

•Carryingoutexperimentstoinvesti-

gate

the

dist

ribut

ion

and

role

of s

tom

a-ta

in w

ater

loss

.•

Observingwiltingplants.

•Explainingwiltinganditssignificance.

•Discussingtranslocation

•Explainingtheprocessofbarkringing.

•Explainingtheeffectsofringbarking

•Handlenses

•Maizeandbean

plan

ts•

Maizeandbean

seed

s•

Microscopes

•Bioview

ersand

bio

sets

•Preparedslides

•Dyes

•Celeryplantsor

spin

ach

•Microscopeslides

•Bioviewers

•Leaves

•Vaseline

•Transparentplas-

tic b

ags

•Po

ttedplants

•Printm

edia

•Ed

ucationaltour-

ing

8.5

TOPI

C 5

PL

AN

T SC

IEN

CE

CO

NTD

..


13

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

Kno

wld

eg a

nd

Skill

s)SU

GG

ESTE

D L

EAR

NIN

G A

CTI

VITI

ES

AN

D N

OTE

SSU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES8.

6.1

Nut

ritio

n•

definebalanceddiet

•listcom

ponentsofabal

-an

ced

diet

•listm

ajorsourcesofnutrients

•describethemajorfunctions

of n

utrie

nts

•Testfoodforpresenceof

nutri

ents

•compareenergycontentof

carb

ohyd

rate

s an

d lip

ids

•relatefoodintaketoage,

sex,

act

ivity

and

hea

lth re

-qu

irem

ents

•definemalnutrition

•discusscausesandeffectsof

mal

nutri

tion

•componentsofabalanceddiet

•Com

ponentsofnutrients

•So

urcesofnutrients

•Functionsofnutrients

•Foodtests

•En

ergycontent

•Nutrientrequirements

•Malnutritionasundernourishm

entor

over

nou

rishm

ent

•Undernourishm

entof

-VitaminA

-VitaminC

-VitaminD

- Iro

n-

Cal

cium

- Io

dine

- Pr

otei

n•

Overnourishm

ent

- Fa

ts-

Car

bohy

drat

es

•Discussingbalanceddiet

•Discussingsourcesandfunctionsof

nutri

ents

NB.O

nlipidsincludesynthesisofcell

mem

bran

es•

Carryingoutcasestudyonnutritional

valu

es o

f lo

cally

ava

ilabl

e fo

ods

•Carryingoutfoodtests

•Carryingoutexperimentstomeasure

ener

gy c

onte

nt in

food

•Discussingtherelationshipbetween

food

inta

ke to

age

, sex

, act

ivity

and

he

alth

requ

irem

ents

. •

Discussingmalnutrition

•Discussingdiseaseslinkedtomalnu

-tri

tion.

•Discussingeffectsoftakingexcess

fats

, car

bohy

drat

es.

•Refertotopic2

•Carbohydrate

and

fat-

rich

food

s•

Resourceper-

sons

•ICTtools

•Braillesoftware/

Jaws

•ICTtools

•Braillesoftware/

Jaws

•Resourceperson


14

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

Kno

wl-

deg

and

Skill

s)SU

GG

ESTE

D L

EAR

NIN

G A

C-

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

SSU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES•

Identifythemainregionsof

the

hum

an a

limen

tary

can

al

and

asso

ciat

ed o

rgan

s

•statefunctionsofpartsofthe

alim

enta

ry c

anal

•definemechanicaldigestion

•describeperistalsis

•explaintheimportanceof

chem

ical

dig

estio

n •

describethefunctionofamy-

lase

, pro

teas

e an

d lip

ase

•explaintherolesofhydro

-ch

loric

aci

d, re

nnin

and

bile

•describestructuraladaption

of s

mal

l int

estin

es to

abs

orp-

tion

•describeabsorptionofend

prod

ucts

of d

iges

tion

•statethefunctionofthe

hepa

tic p

orta

l vei

n•

statetherolesoflargeintes-

tine

•Hum

andigestivesystem

•Ingestion,digestion,ab-

sorp

tion,

ass

imila

tion

and

eges

tion

•physicalbreakdownoffood

by te

eth

and

mus

cles

•Pe

ristalsis

•moleculesizeandsolubility

•breakdow

nofstarch,pro

-te

in a

nd fa

ts•

Hydrochloricacid–buffer,

dest

ruct

ion

of b

acte

ria a

nd

hydr

olys

is•

Rennin–clottingofmilk

•Bile–emulsificationoffats

•Featuresof

- sm

all i

ntes

tines

: -

leng

th-

fold

ing,

-Villi

- th

in li

ning

- ric

h bl

ood

supp

ly•

Diffusionandactiveuptake

•Transportationofproducts

of d

iges

tion

to th

e liv

er

•Drawingandidentifyingparts

of th

e di

gest

ive

syst

em

•Discussingfunctionsofthe

parts

of t

he a

limen

tary

can

al•

Discussingmechanicaldiges

-tio

n

•Describingperistalsis

•Discussingchem

icaldiges

-tio

n

•Carryingoutexperimentswith

star

ch a

nd a

myl

ase

in v

iski

ng

tubi

ng a

s a

mod

el g

ut to

illu

stra

te c

hem

ical

dig

estio

n an

d ab

sorp

tion

(test

ing

for

gluc

ose

•Carryingoutexperimentson

hydr

olys

is, c

lotti

ng o

f milk

and

em

ulsificationoffats

•An

alysingfeaturesofthe

smal

l int

estin

e•

Discussingtheroleofthe

hepa

tic p

orta

l vei

n

•Describingrolesofthelarge

inte

stin

e

•Printedmedia

•Model

•Aruminant

•ICTtools


•Printm

edia

•Starchsolution

•Viskingtubing

•Am

ylase

•Thermom

eter

•Be

nedictsolution

•Hydrochloricacid,bile,

star

ch, f

ats

and

renn

in•

Printedmedia

•Modelofvilli


15

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

•defineassimilation

•outlinetheroleoftheliver

in m

etab

olis

m

•describetypesandfunc

-tio

ns o

f tee

th•

describethestructureofa

toot

h

•identifycausesoftooth

deca

y

•describethepropercare

of te

eth

•Ab

sorptionofwater,vitamin

B fo

rmat

ion

and

expu

lsio

n of

fa

eces

•Useofendproductsof

dige

stio

n•

Regulationofglucoseami-

no a

cids

,br

eakd

own

of a

lcoh

ol, t

oxin

sst

orag

e of

fat,

glyc

ogen

and

vi

tam

in A

and

D

•Typesofteeth

•Internalandexternalstruc-

ture

s of

teet

h

•Causesoftoothdeca

- A

ctio

n of

bac

teria

on

sug-

ary

food

pro

duci

ng a

cid

•Careofteeth

- R

emov

e pl

aque

-Neutralizingacid

- D

estro

ying

bac

teria

•Discussingthefateofend

prod

ucts

of d

iges

tion

•Discussingtherolesofthe

liver

NB.

Det

ails

of u

rea

form

atio

n no

t re

quire

d

•Identifyingincisors,canines,

prem

olar

s an

d m

olar

s•

Identifyingthecrow

nneck,

root

, ena

mel

, den

tine

and

pulp

cav

ity•

Describingcausesoftooth

deca

y•

Experim

entingonactionof

acid

on

toot

h•

Describingdifferentwaysof

prev

entin

g to

oth

deca

y

•ICTtools


•Modelofatooth

•Acid

•Toothoranycalcium

co

ntai

ning

mat

eria

l•

Toothpaste

•Toothbrush

•Floss

•Sa

lt•

Ash/soda


16

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

22

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.6.

3

Gas

eous

exch

ange

re

spira

tory

sys

tem

stat

e th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f pa

rts o

f the

resp

irato

ry

syst

em

desc

ribe

the

mec

hani

sms

of

brea

thin

g

desc

ribe

the

stru

ctur

e an

d ro

le o

f the

alv

eoli

desc

ribe

fact

ors

whi

ch

incr

ease

the

effic

ienc

y of

gas

eous

exc

hang

e

st

ate

the

diffe

renc

es

betw

een

inha

led

and

exha

led

air

ex

plai

n th

e ef

fect

s of

ph

ysic

al a

ctiv

ity o

n br

eath

ing

and

bloo

d ci

rcul

atio

n

desc

ribe

effe

cts

of

smok

ing

on th

e re

spira

tory

sys

tem

trach

ea, b

ronc

hi,

bron

chio

les,

alv

eoli

and

capi

llarie

s

In

hala

tion

and

exha

latio

n

Stru

ctur

e -

larg

e su

rface

are

a -

moi

st

- th

in

- va

scul

aris

ed

Fact

ors

- D

iffus

ion

grad

ient

-

Thin

ness

-

Moi

stur

e -

vasc

ular

isat

ion

Diff

eren

ces

in

tem

pera

ture

, vol

ume

of

carb

on d

ioxi

de, o

xyge

n an

d w

ater

vap

our

Dep

th a

nd ra

te o

f br

eath

ing

Pu

lse

rate

Shor

t ter

m e

ffect

s -

dest

ruct

ion

of c

ilia

- in

crea

sed

muc

us

prod

uctio

n -

cons

trict

ion

of th

e br

onch

iole

s

Long

term

effe

cts

- lu

ng c

ance

r -

bron

chiti

s

Dis

cuss

ing

func

tions

of

parts

of t

he re

spira

tory

sy

stem

Dem

onst

ratin

g br

eath

ing

mec

hani

sms

usin

g m

odel

s an

d an

imat

ions

D

iscu

ssin

g fa

ctor

s w

hich

in

crea

se e

ffici

ency

of

gase

ous

exch

ange

C

arry

ing

out e

xper

imen

ts to

sh

ow th

e di

ffere

nces

be

twee

n in

hale

d an

d ex

hale

d ai

r

Mea

surin

g of

pul

se a

nd

brea

thin

g ra

tes

befo

re a

nd

afte

r phy

sica

l act

ivity

Eval

uatin

g st

atis

tical

dat

a lin

king

dis

ease

s an

d sm

okin

g

Pr

inte

d m

edia

ICT

tool

s Braillesoftware/Jaws

Limewater/

Bica

rbon

ate

indi

cato

r

St

op w

atch

IC

T to

ols

Br

aille

sof

tware/Jaws

Pr

int m

edia

Res

ourc

e pe

rson


17

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

23

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

- em

phys

ema

8.6.

4 R

espi

ratio

n

defin

e ae

robi

c re

spira

tion

st

ate

the

wor

d eq

uatio

n fo

r aer

obic

re

spira

tion

lis

t use

s of

ene

rgy

in

the

body

defin

e an

aero

bic

resp

iratio

n

st

ate

the

wor

d eq

uatio

ns fo

r an

aero

bic

resp

iratio

n in

pla

nts

and

anim

als

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oduc

tion

and

effe

cts

of la

ctic

aci

ds o

n m

uscl

es d

urin

g ex

erci

se

Ae

robi

c re

spira

tion

W

ord

equa

tion

U

ses

of E

nerg

y

An

aero

bic

resp

iratio

n in

pl

ants

and

ani

mal

s

Wor

d eq

uatio

ns

Fa

tigue

Oxygendebt

D

iscu

ssin

g ae

robi

c re

spira

tion

Car

ryin

g ou

t exp

erim

ents

to

show

pro

duct

s of

aer

obic

re

spira

tion

D

iscu

ssin

g us

es o

f ene

rgy

in

the

body

Car

ryin

g ex

perim

ents

to

show

ferm

enta

tion

of s

ugar

by

yea

st

D

emon

stra

ting

effe

cts

of

lact

ic a

cids

on

mus

cle

durin

g ex

erci

se

Se

eds

Th

erm

os fl

ask

Th

erm

omet

er

Fe

rmen

tatio

n ap

para

tus

8.6.

5 T

rans

port

desc

ribe

the

hum

an

circ

ulat

ory

syst

em

H

eart,

ves

sels

, blo

od a

nd

valv

es

de

scrib

ing

com

pone

nts

of

the

circ

ulat

ory

syst

em

Pr

inte

d m

edia

Mod

els

ICT

tool

s


stat

e fu

nctio

ns o

f the

ci

rcul

ator

y sy

stem

Tr

ansp

ort o

f mat

eria

ls,

dist

ribut

ion

of h

eat a

nd

imm

unity

D

iscu

ssin

g tra

nspo

rtatio

n of

m

ater

ials

, dis

tribu

tion

of

heat

and

imm

unity

.

id

entif

y pa

rts o

f the

he

art

Pa

rts o

f the

hea

rt -

Auricles/atria

-

Ventricles

- Ve

ssels

- Va

lves

Ex

amin

ing

a he

art m

odel

.

Mod

els

de

scrib

e th

e ca

rdia

c cy

cle

C

ardi

ac c

ycle

D

escr

ibin

g th

e ac

tion

of

hear

t mus

cles

and

m

ovem

ent o

f blo

od.


18

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

24

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

expl

ain

the

impo

rtanc

e of

hea

rt va

lves

rela

te p

ress

ure

diffe

renc

es in

the

dual

ci

rcul

ator

y sy

stem

to th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f the

two

circ

uits

Func

tion

of h

eart

valv

es

Pulm

onar

y an

d sy

stem

ic

circ

ulat

ion

NB

. M

entio

ning

the

term

s di

asto

le a

nd s

ysto

le n

ot

nece

ssar

y

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e im

porta

nce

of h

eart

valv

es.

C

ompa

ring

pulm

onar

y an

d sy

stem

ic c

ircul

atio

ns.

rela

te th

e st

ruct

ure

of

bloo

d ve

ssel

s to

thei

r fu

nctio

n

Ar

terie

s, v

eins

and

ca

pilla

ries

Ex

amin

ing

bloo

d ve

ssel

s to

co

mpa

re th

eir s

truct

ures

Bios

ets,

bio

view

ers

M

icro

scop

es

Pr

epar

ed s

lides

iden

tify

poss

ible

cau

ses

of h

igh

bloo

d pr

essu

re

G

enet

ic p

redi

spos

ition

, st

ress

, lac

k of

exe

rcis

e an

d di

et

D

iscu

ssin

g po

ssib

le c

ause

s of

hig

h bl

ood

pres

sure

iden

tify

poss

ible

cau

ses

of c

oron

ary

hear

t di

seas

e

D

iet,

stre

ss, s

mok

ing,

ob

esity

and

hig

h bl

ood

pres

sure

D

iscu

ssin

g po

ssib

le c

ause

s of

cor

onar

y he

art d

isea

se.

An

alys

ing

stat

istic

s sh

owin

g th

e lin

k be

twee

n lif

e st

yle

and

occu

rrenc

e of

cor

onar

y he

art d

isea

ses.

R

esou

rce

pers

on

IC

T to

ols


st

ate

com

pone

nts

of

mam

mal

ian

bloo

d an

d th

eir f

unct

ions

dis

ease

de

scrib

e th

e m

ovem

ent

of m

ater

ials

bet

wee

n ca

pilla

ries

and

tissu

e flu

id

C

ompo

nent

s -

Red

blo

od c

ells

-

Whi

te b

lood

cel

ls

- Pl

atel

ets

-

Plas

ma

Diff

usio

n an

d pr

essu

re

filtra

tion

Id

entif

ying

red

and

whi

te

bloo

d ce

lls fr

om p

repa

red

slid

es

D

iscu

ssin

g m

ovem

ent o

f m

ater

ials

bet

wee

n ca

pilla

ries

and

tissu

e flu

id

by d

iffus

ion

and

pres

sure

fil

tratio

n.

Pr

int m

edia

Slides/ p

hoto

mic

rogr

aphs

8.6.

6 I

mm

unity

expl

ain

how

the

body

Skin

, tea

rs ,c

lotti

ng o

f

Dis

cuss

ing

natu

ral d

efen

se

Pr

int m

edia


19

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

25

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

prot

ects

itse

lf

agai

nst i

nfec

tion

bloo

d, w

hite

blo

od c

ells

(e

ngul

fing

actio

n an

d pr

oduc

tion

of a

ntib

odie

s)

mec

hani

sms.

desc

ribe

even

ts le

adin

g to

act

ive

imm

unity

Infe

ctio

n le

adin

g to

an

tibod

y pr

oduc

tion

Vaccination

D

iscu

ssin

g na

tura

l act

ive

imm

unity

and

arti

ficia

l ac

tive

imm

unity

.

desc

ribe

even

ts le

adin

g to

pas

sive

imm

unity

Tran

sfer

of a

ntib

odie

s vi

a pl

acen

ta ,

brea

st m

ilk a

nd

seru

m in

ject

ion

(sna

ke

bite

s an

d ra

bies

)

D

iscu

ssin

g na

tura

l pas

sive

im

mun

ity a

ndar

tific

ial

pass

ive

imm

unity

.

Pr

int m

edia

de

scrib

e th

e ef

fect

s of

th

e hu

man

im

mun

odef

icie

ncy

viru

s (HIV)o

nthebody

D

estru

ctio

n of

whi

te b

lood

ce

lls le

adin

g to

in

abilit

y to

resi

st in

fect

ions

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ef

fect

s of

HIVon

the

body

.

di

scus

s th

e si

gnifi

canc

e of

imm

unis

atio

n

Exte

nded

pro

gram

me

of

imm

unis

atio

n

Stud

ying

the

imm

unis

atio

n ca

rd.

Im

mun

isat

ion

card

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s

8.6.

7 R

epro

duct

ion

in

hum

ans

de

scrib

e th

e st

ruct

ure

and

func

tion

of th

e hu

man

repr

oduc

tive

syst

em

M

ale

and

fem

ale

repr

oduc

tive

syst

ems

Id

entif

ying

par

ts o

f the

re

prod

uctiv

e sy

stem

s.

D

raw

ing

and

labe

lling

the

repr

oduc

tive

syst

ems.

Dis

cuss

ing

the

func

tions

of

parts

of t

he re

prod

uctiv

e sy

stem

s.

Pr

int m

edia

IC

T to

ols


desc

ribe

gam

ete

form

atio

n

Sper

m a

nd o

vum

fo

rmat

ion

D

iscu

ssin

g fo

rmat

ion

of

gam

etes

N

B. D

etai

ls o

f mei

osis

not

re

quire

d

co

mpa

re m

ale

and

fem

ale

gam

etes

Size,m

obilityand

num

bers

pro

duce

d

Dis

cuss

ing

the

diffe

renc

es

betw

een

sper

m a

nd o

vum

.

de

scrib

e th

e m

enst

rual

cy

cle

C

hang

es in

ute

rus

linin

g an

d ov

ulat

ion.

Fer

tile

and

infe

rtile

ph

ases

of c

ycle

Rol

e of

oes

troge

n an

d pr

oges

tero

ne

D

escr

ibin

g th

e m

enst

rual

cy

cle.


20

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

26

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

ou

tline

pat

hway

of

sper

m fr

om te

stes

to

ovum

Pa

thw

ay o

f spe

rm

Outliningthepathwayof

sper

m

de

scrib

e fe

rtilis

atio

n

Fusi

on o

f mal

e an

d fe

mal

e nu

clei

Dis

cuss

ing

ferti

lisat

ion

desc

ribe

the

developm

entofazygote

Fo

rmat

ion

of a

bal

l of c

ells

w

hich

bec

omes

impl

ante

d in

ute

rine

wal

l

Early

dev

elop

men

t -

Organform

ationlater

deve

lopm

ent –

mas

s in

crea

se

Dis

cuss

ing

the

deve

lopm

ent

ofazygote

NB

. Det

ails

of m

itosi

s no

t re

quire

d

desc

ribe

the

role

of t

he

plac

enta

Pa

ssag

e of

-

antib

odie

s -

nutri

ents

-

gase

s an

d -

excr

etor

y pr

oduc

ts

Se

para

ting

foet

al fr

om

mat

erna

l blo

od

R

efer

ence

to p

assa

ge o

f to

xins

and

cer

tain

viru

ses

includingHIV

Func

tions

-

Shoc

k ab

sorb

er

- Pr

even

ting

tem

pera

ture

flu

ctua

tion

- Lu

bric

atio

n

Dan

gers

of t

akin

g dr

ugs

durin

g pr

egna

ncy

(Illic

it dr

ugs,

sm

okin

g an

d

alco

hol)

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ro

le o

f the

pl

acen

ta

de

scrib

e lim

itatio

ns o

f the

pl

acen

ta

desc

ribe

the

role

of t

he

amni

otic

flui

d

ex

plai

n th

e da

nger

s of

ta

king

dru

gs d

urin

g pr

egna

ncy

D

iscu

ssin

g lim

itatio

ns o

f the

pl

acen

ta.

Dis

cuss

ing

the

role

of t

he

amni

otic

flui

d.

Dis

cuss

ing

the

dang

ers

of

taki

ng d

rugs

dur

ing

preg

nanc

y.

R

esou

rce

pers

on

ex

plai

n ca

uses

of i

nfer

tility

Cau

ses

- ho

rmon

al

- sp

erm

qua

ntity

and

qu

ality

-

phys

ical

dam

age

by

D

iscu

ssin

g ca

uses

of

infe

rtilit

y.


21

8.6

TOPI

C 6

A

NIM

AL

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

27

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

STIs

-

canc

ers

outli

ne v

ario

us m

etho

ds o

f co

ntra

cept

ion

N

atur

al m

etho

ds

- Ab

stin

ence

-

With

draw

al

- R

hyth

m

C

hem

ical

: spe

rmic

ides

Barri

ers:

con

dom

and

di

aphr

agm

Intra

-ute

rine

devi

ces

(IUD

s)

H

orm

onal

: in

ject

ion

and

pills

Ster

ilisat

ion

- Va

sectom

yandtubal

ligat

ion

D

iscu

ssin

g re

liabi

lity,

lim

itatio

ns a

nd

appr

opria

tene

ss o

f co

ntra

cept

ive

met

hods

R

esou

rce

pers

on

id

entif

y ca

usat

ive

ag

ents

of s

exua

lly

trans

mitt

ed in

fect

ions

(S

TI’s

)

desc

ribe

sign

s,

sym

ptom

s an

d ef

fect

s of

ST

Is

C

ausa

tive

agen

ts

- Ba

cter

ia

- Virus

Si

gns

and

sym

ptom

s -

Gon

orrh

ea,

- Sy

philis

, -

Cha

ncro

id

- HIV/AIDS

- G

enita

l war

ts

- G

enita

l her

pes

D

iscu

ssin

g ca

usat

ive

agen

ts

of S

TI’s

.

Dis

cuss

ing

effe

cts

on h

ealth

an

d fe

rtilit

y of

STI

s.

di

scus

s th

e m

etho

ds b

y whichSTIsandHIVmay

be c

ontro

lled

M

utua

l fai

thfu

lnes

s,

abst

inen

ce a

nd th

e us

e of

co

ndom

s

Con

tact

trac

ing

Trea

tmen

t with

ant

ibio

tics

for s

ome

STI’s

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e sp

read

of

STI’s

and

HIV

, inc

urab

ility

of

AID

S an

d th

e so

cial

im

plic

atio

ns.

Visitingthelocalclinicor

hosp

ital f

or s

tatis

tical

dat

a


22

8.7

TOPI

C 7

M

ICR

OB

IOLO

GY

AN

D B

IOTE

CH

NO

LOG

Y

29

8.7

TOPI

C 7

M

ICR

OB

IOLO

GY

AND

BIO

TEC

HN

OLO

GY

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.7.

1 C

hara

cter

istic

s Ty

pes

and

econ

omic

impo

rtan

ce o

f m

icro

orga

nism

s

st

ate

the

mai

n ch

arac

teris

tics

of

mic

roor

gani

sms

Ty

pes

of m

icro

org

anis

ms

- Viruses

-

Bact

eria

-

Fung

i

Observing

stru

ctur

es o

f m

icro

orga

nism

s.

D

raw

ing

and

labe

lling

the

stru

ctur

es.

Pr

int m

edia

,

Mic

rosc

ope

slid

es

IC

T to

ols

ou

tline

the

econ

omic

im

porta

nce

of

mic

roor

gani

sms

Rol

e of

: -

mic

roor

gani

sms

in

deco

mpo

sitio

n -

(Bio

rem

edia

tion)

-

yeas

t in

the

pr

oduc

tion

of b

read

an

d al

coho

l -

bact

eria

in y

oghu

rt ,

chee

se a

nd in

sulin

pr

oduc

tion

-

Fung

i in

prod

uctio

n of

pe

nici

llin

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ec

onom

ic

impo

rtanc

e of

m

icro

orga

nism

s.

C

arry

ing

out e

duca

tiona

l to

urs

to b

aker

ies,

br

ewer

ies,

dai

ry in

dust

ries

and

sew

age

wor

ks.

Ba

kerie

s

Br

ewer

ies

D

airie

s

Sew

age

wor

ks

8.8

TOPI

C 8

G

ENET

ICS

30

8.8

TOPI

C 8

G

ENET

ICS

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.8.

1 C

hrom

osom

es a

nd

Gen

es

de

fine

chro

mos

ome

de

fine

a ge

ne

expl

ain

the

maj

or g

enet

ic

term

s

C

hrom

osom

e as

in

clud

ing

a lo

ng m

olec

ule

of D

NA

A

unit

of in

herit

ance

G

enet

ic te

rms

- Al

lele

-

Dom

inan

t -

Rec

essi

ve

- G

enot

ype

- Ph

enot

ype

- Hom

ozygous

- Heterozygous

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e

st

ruct

ures

of

ch

rom

osom

es a

nd g

enes

.

Ex

plai

ning

gen

etic

term

s.

IC

T to

ols


Pr

int m

edia

8.8.

2 M

onoh

ybrid

in

herit

ance

Des

crib

e co

mpl

ete

dom

inan

ce

D

omin

ant a

nd re

cess

ive

alle

les

Hom

ozygousand

heterozygous

Phen

otyp

es a

nd g

enot

ypes

D

iscu

ssin

g co

mpl

ete

dom

inan

ce.

IC

T to

ols


pred

ict p

ossi

ble

outc

omes

of

mon

o-hy

brid

cro

sses

Gen

etic

Cro

sses

F1 a

nd F

2 gen

erat

ions

m

onoh

ybrid

ratio

C

onst

ruct

ing

ge

netic

cro

sses

and

Pun

net

squa

res.

Dem

onst

ratin

g m

onoh

ybrid

cr

osse

s.

Colouredbeads/beans

expl

ain

codo

min

ance

InheritanceofA

BO b

lood

gr

oups

Phen

otyp

es g

roup

s A,

B,

ABandO

Gen

e al

lele

s fo

r blo

od

grou

ps IA ,

IB , I0

Se

xchromosom

esXandY

C

onst

ruct

ing

gene

tic

cros

ses.

Dis

cuss

ing

and

illust

ratin

g se

x de

term

inat

ion

in

hum

ans.

Pr

int m

edia

8.8.

3 M

utat

ions

desc

ribe

gene

tic a

nd

G

enet

ic

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e co

ncep

t

Prin

t med

ia


23

8.8

TOPI

C 8

G

ENET

ICS

CO

NTD

..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.8.

2Mon

ohyb

rid in

herit

ance

•Describecompletedomi-

nanc

e•

predictpossibleout-

com

es o

f mon

o-hy

brid

cr

osse

s

•explaincodominance

•Dom

inantandrecessive

alle

les

•Hom

ozygousandheterozy

-go

us•

Phenotypesandgenotypes

•GeneticCrosses

F1 a

nd F

2 ge

nera

tions

mon

ohyb

rid ra

tio

•InheritanceofA

BOblood

grou

ps•

PhenotypesgroupsA,B,

ABandO

•Geneallelesforblood

grou

ps IA

, IB,

I0•

Sexchromosom

esXandY

•Discussingcompletedomi-

nanc

e.•

Constructing

ge

netic

cro

sses

and

Pun

net

squa

res.

•Dem

onstratingmonohybrid

cros

ses.

•Constructinggenetic

cros

ses.

•Discussingandillu

strat-

ing

sex

dete

rmin

atio

n in

hu

man

s.

•ICTtools


•Colouredbeads/beans

•Printm

edia

8.8.

3 M

utat

ions

•describegeneticand

chro

mos

omal

mut

atio

ns

•discussfactorsthatin

-cr

ease

rate

of m

utat

ion

•Genetic

- Si

ckle

cel

l ane

mia

- Al

bini

sm•

Chrom

osom

al-

Dow

n sy

ndro

me

•Factorsthatincreaserate

of m

utat

ion:

- G

enet

ic d

ispo

sitio

n-

Radiation(UV,gam

ma,

alpha,X–rays)

- C

arci

noge

ns

•Discussingtheconcept

and

type

s of

mut

atio

ns.

•Discussingfactorsthat

incr

ease

the

rate

of m

uta-

tion.

•Printm

edia

•ICTtools



24

8.9

TOPI

C 9

B

IOD

IVER

SITY

32

8.9

TOPI

C 9

B

IOD

IVER

SITY

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.9.

1 B

iodi

vers

ity

st

ate

the

five

king

dom

s of

liv

ing

orga

nism

s

st

ate

char

acte

ristic

feat

ures

of

the

five

king

dom

s

Fi

ve k

ingd

oms

-

Prok

aryo

tae/Monera

- Pr

otoc

tista/Protista

-

Fung

i -

Plan

tae

- An

imal

ia

D

iagn

ostic

feat

ures

C

lass

ifyin

g or

gani

sms

into

five

kin

gdom

s

Dis

cuss

ing

char

acte

ristic

fe

atur

es o

f eac

h ki

ngdo

m

IC

T to

ols


Sa

mpl

es o

f org

anis

ms

Pr

int m

edia


25

8.10

TO

PIC

10

ECO

SYST

EMS

33

8.10

TO

PIC

10

ECO

SYST

EMS

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.10

.1

Ecos

yste

ms

de

fine

ecos

yste

m

list c

ompo

nent

s of

an

ecos

yste

m

iden

tify

the

role

of s

oil i

n an

ec

osys

tem

A

self-

cont

aine

d sy

stem

of

inte

rdep

ende

nt o

rgan

ism

s an

d th

eir p

hysi

cal

envi

ronm

ent

Ph

ysic

al a

nd b

iolo

gica

l co

mpo

nent

s su

ch a

s ai

r, w

ater

, soi

l, lig

ht a

nd li

ving

or

gani

sms

R

ole

of s

oil

Ex

amin

ing

an e

cosy

stem

su

ch a

s po

nd, f

ores

t, fie

ld, b

otan

ical

gar

dens

.

Cla

ssify

ing

com

pone

nts

into

phy

sica

l and

bi

olog

ical

.

Dis

cuss

ing

the

role

of

soil

in a

n ec

osys

tem

.

Po

nds

Fi

elds

Fore

sts

Bo

tani

cal g

arde

ns

id

entif

y bi

olog

ical

co

mpo

nent

s of

soi

l

Com

pone

nts

such

as

litte

r, ea

rthw

orm

s, n

emat

odes

, te

rmite

s, fu

ngi,

bact

eria

an

d hu

mus

Ex

tract

ing

mac

ro

orga

nism

s in

the

soil.

Dem

onst

ratin

g th

at s

oil

cont

ains

mic

ro

orga

nism

s.

Wiregauze

Lam

ps

So

il sa

mpl

es

Al

coho

l

Lim

e w

ater

/ bi

carb

onat

e in

dica

tor

stat

e th

e ro

le o

f the

bi

olog

ical

com

pone

nts

co

mpa

re p

rope

rties

of c

lay,

lo

am a

nd s

andy

soi

ls

C

rum

b st

ruct

ure,

aer

atio

n,

ferti

lity

and

pH

Pr

oper

ties

- sizeofparticles

-

Air c

onte

nt

- W

ater

hol

ding

ca

paci

ty

- D

rain

age

- Le

achi

ng

- Ac

idity/alkalinity(p

H)

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ro

le o

f bi

olog

ical

com

pone

nts

C

arry

ing

out e

xper

imen

ts

to m

easu

re a

ir, w

ater

, or

gani

c co

nten

t, pH

, w

ater

rete

ntio

n an

d dr

aina

ge

So

il sa

mpl

es

8.10

.2

Nat

ural

eco

syst

em

de

scrib

e a

natu

ral

ecos

yste

m

N

atur

al e

cosy

stem

s

Car

ryin

g ou

t edu

catio

nal

tour

s to

a n

atur

al

ecos

yste

m

N

atur

al e

cosy

stem

s

co

nstru

ct s

impl

e fo

od c

hain

s an

d w

ebs

Tr

ophi

c le

vels

:

Prod

ucer

s, c

onsu

mer

s an

d de

com

pose

rs

D

iscu

ssin

g ex

ampl

es

from

loca

l eco

syst

ems

C

onst

ruct

ing

sim

ple

food

ch

ains

and

web

s

in

terp

ret f

ood

web

s

Inte

r-rel

atio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

D

iscu

ssin

g in

ter-

Pr

int m

edia


26

8.10

TO

PIC

10

ECO

SYST

EMS

CO

NTD

..

8.11

TO

PIC

11

HEA

LTH

AN

D D

ISEA

SE

34

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

food

cha

ins

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

n fo

od c

hain

s.

IC

T to

ols


expl

ain

the

loss

of e

nerg

y in

fo

od c

hain

s

Res

pira

tion

and

heat

loss

Ener

gy in

put a

nd e

nerg

y flo

w

D

iscu

ssin

g en

ergy

lo

sses

in fo

od c

hain

s.

in

terp

ret e

colo

gica

l py

ram

ids

Py

ram

ids

of n

umbe

rs,

biom

ass

and

ener

gy

C

onst

ruct

ing

and

inte

rpre

ting

pyra

mid

s.

de

scrib

e nu

trien

t cyc

les

Car

bon

cycl

e

Nitr

ogen

cyc

le

D

iscu

ssin

g nu

trien

t cy

cles

Dra

win

g nu

trien

t cyc

les.

N

B. S

cien

tific

nam

es o

f ba

cter

ia n

ot re

quire

d

8.10

.3

Artif

icia

l eco

syst

em

de

scrib

e an

arti

ficia

l ec

osys

tem

com

pare

spe

cies

bi

odiv

ersi

ty in

nat

ural

and

ar

tific

ial e

cosy

stem

s

Ar

tific

ial e

cosy

stem

Sp

ecie

s di

vers

ity

St

udyi

ng c

ultiv

ated

pie

ce

of la

nd.

Com

parin

g sp

ecie

s di

vers

ity.

ga

rden

field

stat

e pr

oble

ms

caus

ed b

y lim

ited

spec

ies

dive

rsity

-

Soil

ferti

lity

- Pe

st p

robl

ems

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e pr

oble

ms.

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.11

.1

Hea

lth•

definehealth

•discusslevelsofhygiene

•Healthasastateofphysi

-ca

l, m

enta

l, em

otio

nal a

nd

soci

al w

ellb

eing

and

not

ju

st th

e ab

senc

e of

dis

ease

•Pe

rsonalhygiene

•Dom

estichygiene

•Com

munityhygiene

•Discussingtheconcept

of h

ealth

•Carryingoutcleaning

cam

paig

ns a

roun

d co

m-

mun

ities

and

in s

choo

l•

Discussinghealthissues

•Resourcepersons

•Cleaningmaterials

•ICTtools



27

8.11

TO

PIC

11

HEA

LTH

AN

D D

ISEA

SE C

ON

TD..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sh

ould

be

able

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

-IN

G

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.11

.1

Hea

lth-

Was

te d

ispo

sal m

etho

ds-

Prov

isio

n of

cle

an, s

afe

drin

king

wat

er-

Sani

tatio

n-

Prov

isio

n of

hea

lth fa

cili-

ties

such

as

clin

ics

8.11

.2

Dis

ease

s•

defineadisease

•statecausesofdiseases

•classifydiseasesintoinfectious

and

non-

infe

ctio

us d

isea

ses

•statethecausativeagent,mode

of tr

ansm

issi

on a

nd s

igns

and

sy

mpt

oms

of in

fect

ious

dis

eas-

es

•explainwaysofpreventingand

treat

ing

infe

ctio

us d

isea

ses

•Definitionofdisease

•Causessuchas:

- in

fect

ion,

-

Gen

etic

def

ects

- C

emic

als

- R

adia

tion

- m

alnu

tritio

n-

dege

nera

tive

caus

es•

Infectiousdiseases

- C

hole

ra-

Mal

aria

- Tu

berc

ulos

is (T

B)-

Typh

oid

-Bilharzia

•Non-infectiousdiseases

-Deficiencydiseases

- G

enet

ic d

isea

ses

- C

ance

r•

Causativeagents,m

odeof

trans

mis

sion

and

sig

ns a

nd

sym

ptom

s of

infe

ctio

us d

is-

eases(NBScientificnames

of c

ausa

tive

agen

ts n

ot

requ

ired)

•Preventionandtreatmentof

infe

ctio

us d

isea

ses

•Discussingthecon-

cept

of d

isea

se

•Classifyingdiseases

into

inf

ectio

us a

nd

non-

infe

ctio

us.

•Discussingcausesof

dise

ases

.•

Researchingon

caus

es, m

ode

of

trans

mis

sion

, sig

ns

and

sym

ptom

s an

d w

ays

of tr

eatin

g an

d pr

even

ting

infe

ctio

us

dise

ases

.

•Discussingresearch

findings.

•ICTtools


•Resourcepersons


28

8.12

TO

PIC

1

SAFE

TY, C

AR

EER

S A

ND

BR

AN

CH

ES IN

BIO

LOG

Y

8.13

TO

PIC

2

CH

EMIC

ALS

OF

LIFE

37

FORM

4

8.12

TO

PIC

1

SAFE

TY, C

AREE

RS

AND

BR

ANC

HES

IN B

IOLO

GY

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.12

.1

Safe

ty la

bels

and

sy

mbo

ls

id

entif

y va

rious

saf

ety

labe

ls a

nd s

ymbo

ls

ex

plai

n th

e m

eani

ng o

f va

rious

saf

ety

labe

ls a

nd

sym

bols

La

bels

and

sym

bols

Iden

tifyi

ng v

ario

us s

afet

y la

bels

and

sym

bols

Dis

cuss

ing

the

mea

ning

of

the

vario

us la

bels

and

sy

mbo

ls

C

onta

iner

s w

ith la

bels

and

sy

mbo

ls

Pr

int m

edia

FOR

M 4

38

8.13

TO

PIC

2

CH

EMIC

ALS

OF

LIFE

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.13

.1

Car

bohy

drat

es

st

ate

clas

ses

of

carb

ohyd

rate

s

st

ate

the

uses

of g

luco

se,

sucr

ose,

sta

rch,

gly

coge

n an

d ce

llulo

se in

livi

ng

orga

nism

s

C

arbo

hydr

ates

as

mon

o, d

i-,

and

poly

-sac

char

ides

Glu

cose

, suc

rose

, sta

rch,

gl

ycog

en a

nd c

ellu

lose

in

livin

g or

gani

sm

C

lass

ifyin

g ca

rboh

ydra

tes.

D

iscu

ssin

g us

es o

f mon

o -,

di-

and

poly

sacc

harid

es.

IC

T to

ols


Pr

int m

edia

8.13

.2

Prot

eins

stat

e th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f pr

otei

ns in

livi

ng o

rgan

ism

s

Func

tions

of p

rote

ins

in

livin

g or

gani

sms

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f pr

otei

ns in

livi

ng o

rgan

ism

s.

Pr

int m

edia

ICT

tool


8.13

.3

Lipi

ds

st

ate

the

func

tions

of l

ipid

s in

livi

ng o

rgan

ism

s

Func

tions

of l

ipid

s in

livi

ng

orga

nism

s

Dis

cuss

ing

the

func

tions

of

lipid

s in

livi

ng o

rgan

ism

s.

IC

T to

ols


8.

13.4

N

ucle

ic a

cids

stat

e th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f nu

clei

c ac

ids

in li

ving

or

gani

sms

Fu

nctio

ns o

f DN

A an

d R

NA

Dis

cuss

ing

the

func

tions

of

DN

A an

d R

NA.

ICT

tool



29

8.14

TO

PIC

3

ENZY

MES

8.15

TO

PIC

4

PLA

NT

SCIE

NC

E

39

8.14

TO

PIC

3

ENZY

MES

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.14

.1

Indu

stria

l app

licat

ions

of

enz

ymes

expl

ain

the

use

of

enzymesinthe

prod

uctio

n of

was

hing

po

wde

rs

Detergents/washing

pow

der

- Li

pase

s –

fat s

tain

s -

Prot

ease

s –

prot

ein

stai

ns

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e us

es o

f lip

ases

and

pro

teas

es in

st

ain

rem

oval

.

Car

ryin

g ou

t exp

erim

ents

w

ith li

pase

s an

d pr

otea

ses

to re

mov

e st

ains

.

W

ashi

ng p

owde

r

Lipa

ses

and

prot

ease

s

40

8.15

TO

PIC

4

PLAN

T SC

IEN

CE

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.15

.1

Rep

rodu

ctio

n

defin

e as

exua

l re

prod

uctio

n

desc

ribe

natu

ral a

nd

artif

icia

l met

hods

of

vege

tativ

e re

prod

uctio

n in

pl

ants

As

exua

l rep

rodu

ctio

n in

pl

ants

Ve

getativereproduction

Nat

ural

met

hods

-

Rhizomes,tubers,

suck

ers,

runn

ers

bulb

s

Artif

icia

l met

hods

-

Cut

tings

, gra

fting

D

iscu

ssin

g as

exua

l re

prod

uctio

n in

pla

nts.

Observingvegetative

stru

ctur

es in

pla

nts.

Dem

onst

ratin

g va

rious

m

etho

ds o

f veg

etat

ive

repr

oduc

tion.

Pl

ant v

eget

ativ

e st

ruct

ures

suc

h as

: st

ems,

tube

rs, l

eave

s,

bulb

s

Gar

dens

stat

e ad

vant

ages

and

di

sadv

anta

ges

of

vege

tativ

e re

prod

uctio

n

- R

esis

tanc

e to

di

seas

es a

nd p

ests

-

gene

tic v

aria

tion

- su

rviv

al o

f offs

prin

g -

rate

of p

ropa

gatio

n

D

iscu

ssin

g ad

vant

ages

and

di

sadv

anta

ges

of v

eget

ativ

e re

prod

uctio

n

IC

T to

ols


G

rass

Irish

pot

atoe

s

Bana

nas

Su

gar c

ane

Sw

eet-p

otat

o st

ems

Onionbulbs

Stra

wbe

rry

plan

ts


30

8.15

TO

PIC

4

PLA

NT

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

41

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

desc

ribe

the

stru

ctur

e an

d ch

arac

teris

tics

of w

ind

and

inse

ct p

ollin

ated

flow

ers

co

mpa

re th

e di

ffere

nt

stru

ctur

al a

dapt

atio

ns o

f in

sect

pol

linat

ed a

nd w

ind

pollin

ated

flow

ers

ou

tline

the

proc

ess

of

pollin

atio

n

dist

ingu

ish

betw

een

self-

and

cros

s po

llinat

ion

desc

ribe

the

adva

ntag

es

of s

elf a

nd c

ross

po

llinat

ion

Fl

ower

as

a re

prod

uctiv

e st

ruct

ure

in p

lant

s

W

ind

pollin

ated

and

inse

ct

pollin

ated

flow

ers

Pollin

atio

n

Se

lf an

d cr

oss

pollin

atio

n

Ad

vant

ages

and

di

sadv

anta

ges

of s

elf a

nd

cros

s po

llinat

ion

Observinginsectandwind

p

ollin

ated

flow

ers

C

ompa

ring

inse

ct a

nd a

w

ind

pollin

ated

flow

er

Ex

amin

ing

polle

n gr

ains

us

ing

mic

rosc

opes

or h

and

lens

es

D

iscu

ssin

g se

lf an

d cr

oss

pollin

atio

n

Dis

cuss

ing

adva

ntag

es o

f se

lf an

d cr

oss

pollin

atio

n

Fl

ower

s

Han

d le

nses

Mic

rosc

opes

Polle

n gr

ains

ou

tline

the

proc

ess

of

ferti

lisat

ion

D

evel

opm

ent o

f pol

len

tube

NB

. No

know

ledg

e of

dou

ble

fert

ilisa

tion

is re

quire

d

Ex

amin

ing

grow

ing

polle

n tu

bes

D

escr

ibin

g th

e gr

owth

of t

he

polle

n tu

be a

nd it

s en

try in

to

the

ovul

e fo

llow

ed b

y fe

rtilis

atio

n

Pr

int m

edia

ICT

tool


desc

ribe

chan

ges

that

oc

cur a

fter f

ertil

isat

ion

in a

flo

wer

Fo

rmat

ion

of s

eeds

and

fru

its

Observingavarietyoffruits

and

seed

s

Frui

ts

Se

eds

H

and

lens

es

de

scrib

e se

ed d

ispe

rsal

ou

tline

the

impo

rtanc

e of

se

ed d

ispe

rsal

Vario

us w

ays

of s

eed

di

sper

sal

Impo

rtanc

e of

see

d di

sper

sal

- C

olon

isat

ion

of n

ew

area

s -

Red

ucin

g ov

ercr

owdi

ng

of p

lant

s -

Incr

easi

ng s

urvi

val

chan

ces

of p

lant

s

R

elat

ing

stru

ctur

e of

see

d to

m

etho

d of

dis

pers

al

D

iscu

ssin

g im

porta

nce

of

seed

dis

pers

al


31

8.15

TO

PIC

4

PLA

NT

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

42

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

IC

T to

ols


desc

ribe

the

stru

ctur

e of

a

mon

ocot

and

dic

ot s

eed

Se

ed s

truct

ure–

-

test

a/se

ed c

oat

- em

bryo

(rad

icle

and

-

plum

ule)

-

endo

sper

m

- co

tyle

don

- hi

lum

-

mic

ropy

le

- M

onoc

ot s

eeds

– maize

seed

s -

Dic

ot s

eeds

– bean/

pea/groundnut

Id

entif

ying

diff

eren

t par

ts

exte

rnal

and

inte

rnal

of

seed

s.

M

akin

g la

belle

d dr

awin

gs o

f se

eds.

Va

rietyoffruitsandseeds

Scal

pel b

lade

s

Han

d le

nses

Bean

see

ds

M

aizeseeds

desc

ribe

the

cond

ition

s ne

cess

ary

for g

erm

inat

ion

G

erm

inat

ion

- Oxygen

- Su

itabl

e te

mpe

ratu

re

- W

ater

Functionsofenzym

es

- R

espi

ratio

n -

Hyd

roly

sis

of s

tore

d fo

od

C

arry

ing

out c

ontro

lled

expe

rimen

ts to

inve

stig

ate

cond

ition

s ne

cess

ary

for

germ

inat

ion

Py

roga

llic a

cid

D

ryin

g ag

ents

suc

h as

ca

lciu

m c

hlor

ide

R

efrig

erat

or

In

cuba

tor

8.15

.2

Coo

rdin

atio

n an

d re

spon

se

de

fine

phot

otro

pism

and

ge

otro

pism

illust

rate

pho

totro

pism

and

ge

otro

pism

in p

lant

s

re

spon

se b

y pl

ants

to li

ght

and

grav

ity

C

arry

ing

out e

xper

imen

ts to

illu

stra

te p

hoto

tropi

sm a

nd

geot

ropi

sm

Po

tted

plan

ts

G

erm

inat

ing

seed

s

Car

dboa

rd b

oxes

Blad

es

IC

T to

ols


Pe

tri-d

ishe

s

Cot

ton

woo

l

Clin

osta

t


32

8.15

TO

PIC

4

PLA

NT

SCIE

NC

E C

ON

TD..

43

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

Def

ine

a pl

ant h

orm

one

de

scrib

e th

e ap

plic

atio

n o

f ho

rmon

es to

gro

wth

and

de

velo

pmen

t of p

lant

s

Pl

ant h

orm

one

as a

ch

emic

al s

ubst

ance

pro

duce

d in

one

par

t of a

pla

nt a

nd

trans

porte

d to

oth

er p

arts

w

here

it in

itiat

es a

resp

onse

Use

s of

-

Ethy

lene

-

Gib

bere

llins

- Au

xins

-

Cyt

okin

ins

D

iscu

ssin

g co

mm

erci

al

appl

icat

ion

of p

lant

ho

rmon

es

Pl

ant h

orm

ones

Frui

ts

Yo

ungpl

ants

44

8.16

TO

PIC

5

ANIM

AL S

CIE

NC

E

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.16

.1

Prod

uctiv

ity

de

fine

food

inta

ke in

rela

tion

to i

ncre

ase

in m

ass

id

entif

y an

imal

pes

ts a

nd

rela

ted

dise

ases

de

scrib

e ho

w a

nim

al p

ests

an

d di

seas

es a

ffect

pr

oduc

tivity

de

scrib

e w

ays

of p

reve

ntin

g pl

ant p

ests

and

dis

ease

s

Fo

od c

onve

rsio

n ef

ficie

ncy

Anim

al p

ests

and

dis

ease

s -

Anth

rax

– ba

cter

ia

- Fo

ot a

nd m

outh

–

viru

s -

Live

r dam

age

– flu

ke

- R

ed w

ater

– ti

ck

(vec

tor)

R

educ

ed y

ield

s

M

echa

nism

s -

Dos

ing

- Va

ccination

- D

ippi

ng

- qu

aran

tine

An

alys

ing

data

from

the

agric

ultu

re d

epar

tmen

t

Con

stru

ctin

g an

d in

terp

retin

g gr

owth

cur

ves

Observinganimalpests.

D

iscu

ssin

g an

imal

di

seas

es.

D

iscu

ssin

g ho

w p

ests

and

di

seas

es a

ffect

pr

oduc

tivity

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

Pe

st s

peci

men

s

D

iscu

ssin

g pr

even

tion

mec

hani

sms

8.16

.2

Hom

eost

asis

defin

e ho

meo

stas

is

iden

tify

and

labe

l par

ts o

f the

sk

in

rela

te th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f par

ts

of th

e sk

in to

tem

pera

ture

re

gula

tion

Th

e m

aint

enan

ce o

f a

cons

tant

inte

rnal

en

viro

nmen

t

Skin

stru

ctur

e an

d fu

nctio

ns

of it

s pa

rts

Tem

pera

ture

sen

sitiv

ity,

shiv

erin

g, s

wea

ting,

vas

o-di

latio

n an

d va

soco

nstri

ctio

n

D

iscu

ssin

g re

gula

tion

of

wat

er, p

H, i

ons,

glu

cose

co

ncen

tratio

n an

d te

mpe

ratu

re

D

raw

ing

and

labe

lling

parts

of t

he s

kin

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e fu

nctio

ns

of p

arts

of t

he s

kin

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ro

les

of

parts

of t

he s

kin

in re

latio

n to

tem

pera

ture

regu

latio

n

Pr

int m

edia

desc

ribe

the

func

tion

of th

e

The

hypo

thal

amus

Dis

cuss

ing

the

role

of t

he

Pr

int m

edia

8.16

TO

PIC

5

AN

IMA

L SC

IEN

CE


33

8.16

TO

PIC

5

AN

IMA

L SC

IEN

CE

CO

NTD

..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.16

.2

Hom

eost

asis

•definehomeostasis

•identifyandlabelpartsof

the

skin

•relatethefunctionsofparts

of th

e sk

in to

tem

pera

ture

re

gula

tion

•describethefunctionofthe

brai

n in

hom

eost

asis

•defineexcretion

•listsubstancesthatmust

be e

xcre

ted

and

orga

ns

invo

lved

•describethestructureof

the

urin

ary

syst

em•

statethefunctionsofthe

parts

of t

he u

rinar

y sy

stem


the

kidn

ey

•statethefunctionsofthe

kidn

ey

•describehowthekidney

dial

ysis

mac

hine

wor

ks

•Themaintenanceofacon

-st

ant i

nter

nal e

nviro

nmen

t•

Skinstructureandfunctions

of it

s pa

rts

•Temperaturesensitivity,shiv-

erin

g, s

wea

ting,

vas

o-di

latio

n an

d va

soco

nstri

ctio

n•

Thehypothalam

us•

Negativefeedback

•Excretionasremovaloftoxic

mat

eria

ls a

nd w

aste

pro

d-uc

ts o

f met

abol

ism

•Kidney–urea,excesssalt,

exce

ss w

ater

and

toxi

ns•

Lungs–carbondioxideand

exce

ss w

ater

•Skin–excesssalts,urea

and

exce

ss w

ater

•Structureoftheurinarysys-

tem

•Functionsof-kidney

- re

nal a

rtery

- ur

ethr

a-

uret

er-

blad

der

•Kidneystructure

- C

orte

x-

med

ulla

- pe

lvis

•Discussingregulationof

wat

er, p

H, i

ons,

glu

cose

co

ncen

tratio

n an

d te

m-

pera

ture

•Drawingandlabellin

gpa

rts o

f the

ski

n


parts

of t

he s

kin

•Discussingtherolesof

parts

of t

he s

kin

in re

latio

n to

tem

pera

ture

regu

latio

n•


hypo

thal

amus

in te

mpe

ra-

ture

regu

latio

n•

Discussingexcretion

•Discussingtheexcretory

orga

ns a

nd th

e w

aste

s th

ey e

xcre

te•

Drawingandlabellin

gthe

urin

ary

syst

em•

Discussingfunctionsof

parts

of t

he u

rinar

y sy

stem

•Discussingkidneystruc-

ture

and

func

tions

.N

B. N

o de

taile

d st

ruct

ure

of

the

neph

ron

requ

ired

•Discussinghowthedialy-

sis

mac

hine

wor

ks.

•Printm

edia

•Printm

edia

•ICTtools


•Printm

edia

•Resourceperson

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.16

.2

•definehomeostasis

•identifyandlabelpartsof

the

skin

•relatethefunctionsofparts

of th

e sk

in to

tem

pera

ture

re

gula

tion

•describethefunctionofthe

brai

n in

hom

eost

asis

•defineexcretion

•listsubstancesthatmust

be e

xcre

ted

and

orga

ns

invo

lved


the

urin

ary

syst

em•

statethefunctionsofthe

parts

of t

he u

rinar

y sy

stem


the

kidn

ey

•statethefunctionsofthe

kidn

ey

•describehowthekidney

dial

ysis

mac

hine

wor

ks

•Themaintenanceofacon

-st

ant i

nter

nal e

nviro

nmen

t•

Skinstructureandfunctions

of it

s pa

rts

•Temperaturesensitivity,shiv-

erin

g, s

wea

ting,

vas

o-di

latio

n an

d va

soco

nstri

ctio

n•

Thehypothalam

us•

Negativefeedback

•Excretionasremovaloftoxic

mat

eria

ls a

nd w

aste

pro

d-uc

ts o

f met

abol

ism

•Kidney–urea,excesssalt,

exce

ss w

ater

and

toxi

ns•

Lungs–carbondioxideand

exce

ss w

ater

•Skin–excesssalts,urea

and

exce

ss w

ater

•Structureoftheurinarysys-

tem

•Functionsof-kidney

- re

nal a

rtery

- ur

ethr

a-

uret

er-

blad

der

•Kidneystructure

- C

orte

x-

med

ulla

- pe

lvis

•Discussingregulationof

wat

er, p

H, i

ons,

glu

cose

co

ncen

tratio

n an

d te

m-

pera

ture

•Drawingandlabellin

gpa

rts o

f the

ski

n


parts

of t

he s

kin

•Discussingtherolesof

parts

of t

he s

kin

in re

latio

n to

tem

pera

ture

regu

latio

n•


hypo

thal

amus

in te

mpe

ra-

ture

regu

latio

n•

Discussingexcretion

•Discussingtheexcretory

orga

ns a

nd th

e w

aste

s th

ey e

xcre

te•

Drawingandlabellin

gthe

urin

ary

syst

em•

Discussingfunctionsof

parts

of t

he u

rinar

y sy

stem

•Discussingkidneystruc-

ture

and

func

tions

.N

B. N

o de

taile

d st

ruct

ure

of

the

neph

ron

requ

ired

•Discussinghowthedialy-

sis

mac

hine

wor

ks.

•Printm

edia

•Printm

edia

•ICTtools


•Printm

edia

•Resourceperson


34

8.16

TO

PIC

5

AN

IMA

L SC

IEN

CE

CO

NTD

..

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

•Functions

- ur

ine

form

atio

n,-

osm

o-re

gula

tion,

- pH

regu

latio

n •

Kidneyfailureandthe

use

of d

ialy

sis

mac

hine

8.16

.3 C

oord

inat

ion

and

Res

pons

e•

describethestructureofa

neur

one

•describeasimplespinal

reflexarc

•outlinefunctionsofthemain

parts

of t

he b

rain

•describethestructureofthe

eye

•describethefunctionsof

parts

of t

he e

ye•

describehowtheeyefocus-

es im

ages

on

the

retin

a•

Describeeyedefectsand

thei

r cor

rect

ion

•Describethestructureand

func

tions

of p

arts

of t

he e

ar

•Structureofsensory,relay

and

mot

or n

euro

nes

•Receptor,sensoryneu-

rone

, rel

ay n

euro

ne, m

otor

ne

uron

e, e

ffect

or a

nd

spin

al c

ord

•Cerebrum,cerebellum,pi-

tuita

ry g

land

, hyp

otha

lam

us

and

med

ulla

obl

onga

ta•

Eye

- F

ront

vie

w

-horizontalsection

•Pa

rtsoftheeye

•Refraction,accom

modation

and

imag

e fo

rmat

ion

•Sh

ortandlongsightedness

•Pa

rtsoftheear

•So

undconduction

•Ba

lance

•Drawingandlabelingthe

stru

ctur

e of

neu

rons

.•

Dem

onstratingreflexactions

such

as

knee

jerk

and

blin

k-in

g.•

Drawingthereflexarc.

•Identifyingpartsofthebrain

and

disc

ussi

ng th

eir f

unc-

tions

.•

Drawingandlabellin

gthe

frontviewandhorizontalsec

-tio

n of

the

eye

•Discussingfunctionsofparts

of th

e e

ye•

Dem

onstratingtherefraction

of li

ght

•Discussingeyedefectsand

thei

r cor

rect

ion

•Drawingandlabelingpartsof

the

ear

•Discussingfunctionsofparts

of th

e ea

r

•Printm

edia

•Bioviewersandbiosets

•ICT


•Model


35

8.16

TO

PIC

5

AN

IMA

L SC

IEN

CE

CO

NTD

..

46

hypo

thal

amus

and

med

ulla

ob

long

ata

func

tions

.

de

scrib

e th

e st

ruct

ure

of th

e ey

e

de

scrib

e th

e fu

nctio

ns o

f pa

rts o

f the

eye

desc

ribe

how

the

eye

focu

ses

imag

es o

n th

e re

tina

D

escr

ibe

eye

defe

cts

and

thei

r cor

rect

ion

Des

crib

e th

e st

ruct

ure

and

func

tions

of p

arts

of t

he e

ar

Ey

e -F

ront

vie

w

-horizontalsection

Pa

rts o

f the

eye

R

efra

ctio

n, a

ccom

mod

atio

n an

d im

age

form

atio

n

Shor

t and

long

sig

hted

ness

Pa

rts o

f the

ear

Soun

d co

nduc

tion

Ba

lanc

e

D

raw

ing

and

labe

lling

the

frontviewandhorizonta

l se

ctio

n of

the

eye

D

iscu

ssin

g fu

nctio

ns o

f pa

rts o

f the

eye

Dem

onst

ratin

g th

e re

fract

ion

of li

ght

Dis

cuss

ing

eye

defe

cts

and

thei

r cor

rect

ion

Dra

win

g an

d la

belin

g pa

rts o

f the

ear

Dis

cuss

ing

func

tions

of

parts

of t

he e

ar

M

irror

Mod

el o

f an

eye

Le

nses

Ligh

t sou

rce

Ea

r mod

el

8.16

.4

Endo

crin

e sy

stem

defin

e ho

rmon

e

de

scrib

e th

e ef

fect

s of

ad

rena

line

H

orm

one

as a

ch

emic

al s

ubst

ance

pr

oduc

ed b

y a

glan

d an

d ca

rried

by

bloo

d, w

hich

af

fect

s th

e ac

tiviti

es o

f a

targ

et o

rgan

Adre

nal g

land

, frig

ht fi

ght

and

fligh

t res

pons

es

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e pr

oduc

tion,

tran

spor

t and

of

hor

mon

es

D

iscu

ssin

g ef

fect

s of

ad

rena

line

IC

T to

ols


outli

ne th

e ro

le o

f ins

ulin

and

gl

ucag

on

R

egul

atio

n of

blo

od g

luco

se

leve

l

D

iscu

ssin

g re

gula

tion

of

bloo

d su

gar

R

esou

rce

pers

on

st

ate

the

sign

s an

d sy

mpt

oms

of d

iabe

tes

mel

litus

expl

ain

how

Dia

bete

s m

ellit

us c

an b

e m

anag

ed

D

iabe

tes

mel

litus

sign

s an

d sy

mpt

oms:

-

frequ

ent u

rinat

ion

- tir

edne

ss

- th

irst

- in

crea

sed

bloo

d gl

ucos

e le

vel

- gl

ucos

e in

urin

e

Man

agem

ent o

f Dia

bete

s m

ellit

us

D

iscu

ssin

g si

gns

of

diab

etes

mel

litus

Dis

cuss

ing

the

man

agem

ent o

f Dia

bete

s m

ellit

us.

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

47

8.16

.5

Skel

etal

sys

tem

outli

ne fu

nctio

ns o

f the

sk

elet

on

Fu

nctio

ns

- Su

ppor

t, -

Prot

ectio

n -

mov

emen

t

Observingthehuman

skel

eton

Dis

cuss

ing

func

tions

of

the

skel

eton

M

odel

of t

he s

kele

ton

id

entif

y th

e m

ain

bone

s of

th

e fo

re a

nd h

ind

limb

of a

m

amm

al

Sc

apul

a, h

umer

us, r

adiu

s ul

na, p

elvi

s fe

mur

, tib

ia a

nd

fibul

a

Id

entif

ying

the

bone

s on

th

e sk

elet

on

de

scrib

e ty

pes

of jo

ints

Hin

ge jo

int,

ball

and

sock

et

join

t

Observingjo

ints

de

scrib

e th

e ty

pes

of

mov

emen

t per

mitt

ed b

y jo

ints

H

inge

join

t – o

ne p

lane

Ball

and

sock

et jo

int –

all

plan

es

de

mon

stra

ting

mov

emen

t pe

rmitt

ed b

y jo

ints

desc

ribe

the

actio

n of

m

uscl

es a

t a h

inge

join

t

Anta

goni

stic

mus

cles

(e

xten

sor a

nd fl

exor

m

uscl

es)

D

emon

stra

ting

the

actio

n of

ext

enso

r and

flex

or

mus

cles

M

odel

of a

ntag

onis

tic m

uscl

es


36

8.17

TO

PIC

6

MIC

RO

BIO

LOG

Y A

ND

BIO

TEC

HN

OLO

GY

8.18

TO

PIC

7

GEN

ETIC

S

48

8.17

TO

PIC

6

MIC

RO

BIO

LOG

Y AN

D B

IOTE

CH

NO

LOG

Y

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.17

.1

Rec

ombi

nant

Gen

e Te

chno

logy

defin

e th

e te

rm re

com

bina

nt

DN

A

expl

ain

that

gen

es m

ay b

e tra

nsfe

rred

betw

een

cells

of

diffe

rent

spe

cies

Outlineproductionof

insu

lin

usin

g re

com

bina

nt D

NA

tech

nolo

gy

R

ecom

bina

nt D

NA

as a

D

NA

mol

ecul

e in

corp

orat

ing

DN

A fro

m m

ore

than

one

sp

ecie

s of

org

anis

m

Prod

uctio

n of

insu

lin u

sing

re

com

bina

nt D

NA

tech

nolo

gy

- G

ene

codi

ng fo

r hum

an

insu

lin re

cove

red

for

bact

eria

-

Tran

sfor

med

bac

teria

al

low

ed to

mul

tiply

pr

oduc

ing

insu

lin

- In

sulin

then

reco

vere

d fro

m b

acte

ria

D

iscu

ssin

g fo

rmat

ion

of

reco

mbi

nant

DN

A

Dis

cuss

ing

insu

lin p

rodu

ctio

n NB

. O

nly

sim

plifi

ed o

utlin

e of

insu

lin p

rodu

ctio

n us

ing

reco

mbi

nant

DN

A te

chno

logy

IC

T to

ols

Br

aillesoftware/Jaws

Pr

int m

edia

disc

uss

pote

ntia

l ben

efits

an

d hazardsofre

com

bina

nt

DN

A te

chno

logy

Be

nefitsandhazards

of

reco

mbi

nant

DN

A te

chno

logy

D

ebat

ing

on b

enef

its a

nd

hazardsofre

combinantDNA

tech

nolo

gy

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.18

.1

Varia

tion

•identifyvariablefeaturesin

plan

ts a

nd a

nim

als

•draw

graphstoshowcon

-tin

uous

and

dis

cont

inuo

us

dist

ribut

ion

of c

hara

cter

istic

s•

distinguishbetweencon-

tinuo

us a

nd d

isco

ntin

uous

va

riatio

n

•Variation

- Fe

atur

es s

uch

as: l

eaf

size,sizeofpods,

heig

ht, c

oat c

olou

r, m

ass,

tong

ue ro

lling,

se

x-

Tabl

es a

nd g

raph

s

•Continuousanddiscontinu-

ous

varia

tion

•Carryingoutactivitiessuch

as:

- m

easu

ring

pupi

ls’

heights/massesinclass

- co

untin

g nu

mbe

r of b

oys

and

girls

in c

lass

- co

llect

ing

leav

es o

f the

sa

me

plan

t and

mea

sur-

ing

leng

th-

to s

how

var

iabl

es in

pl

ants

and

ani

mal

s

•Leaves

•Ba

lances

•Rulers

•Graphpapers


37

8.18

TO

PIC

7

GEN

ETIC

S C

ON

TD..

8.19

TO

PIC

8

BIO

DIV

ERSI

TY

KEY

CO

NC

EPT

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

r sho

uld

be a

ble

toC

ON

TEN

T (A

ttitu

des,

K

now

ldeg

and

Ski

lls)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

A

CTI

VITI

ES A

ND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

8.18

.1

Varia

tion

•Constructingtablesand

grap

hs to

sho

w c

ontin

-uo

us a

nd d

isco

ntin

uous

va

riatio

n

•Leaves

•Ba

lances

•Rulers

•Graphpapers

8.18

.2

Sele

ctio

n•

defineevolution

•outlinenaturalselectionas

a po

ssib

le m

echa

nism

for

evol

utio

n•

describetheapplications

ofartificialselection

•statethereasonsforplant

and

anim

al b

reed

ing

•Evolution

•Variation,com

petition,selec

-tiv

e su

rviv

al a

nd re

prod

uc-

tion

•Ap

plicationofartificialse-

lect

ion

in p

lant

s an

d an

imal

br

eedi

ng•

Productivity

- qua

lity

of b

reed

, - r

esis

tanc

e to

dro

ught

and

dise

ase

•Discussinghowevolution

occu

rs in

nat

ural

com

mu-

nitie

s.

•Investigatingapplication

ofartificialselectionin

plan

t and

ani

mal

bre

edin

g in

loca

l com

mun

ities

and

co

mm

erci

al fa

rms.

•Localcom

munities

•Com

mercialfarms

51

8.19

TO

PIC

8

BIO

DIV

ERSI

TY

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.19

.1

Thre

ats

and

Con

serv

atio

n m

easu

res

ex

plai

n th

reat

s to

bi

odiv

ersi

ty

desc

ribe

cons

erva

tion

mea

sure

s

Th

reat

s to

bio

dive

rsity

-

Def

ores

tatio

n -

Inva

sive

spe

cies

-

Hab

itat d

estru

ctio

n -

Clim

ate

chan

ge

- Po

llutio

n

Mea

sure

s -

Affo

rest

atio

n -

Use

s of

alte

rnat

ive

sour

ces

of e

nerg

y -

Pres

erva

tion

of

enda

nger

ed s

peci

es

and

agen

ts

di

scus

sing

thre

ats

to

biod

iver

sity

Dis

cuss

ing

cons

erva

tion

mea

sure

s

Parti

cipa

ting

in tr

ee

plan

ting

activ

ities

IC

T to

ols



38

8.20

TO

PIC

9

ECO

SYST

EMS

52

8.20

TO

PIC

9

ECO

SYST

EMS

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.20

.1

Man

agem

ent o

f Ec

osys

tem

s

des

crib

e ad

vant

ages

of

grou

nd c

over

de

scrib

e th

e ha

rmfu

l hu

man

act

iviti

es o

n th

e ec

osys

tem

s

Ad

vant

ages

-

Top

soil

pres

erva

tion

-

wat

er re

tent

ion

-

redu

ced

evap

orat

ion

Hum

an a

ctiv

ities

: Ag

ricul

tura

l -

Min

ing

- in

dust

rial

- so

cial

act

iviti

es

In

vest

igat

ing

effe

cts

of

soil

cove

r.

Car

ryin

g ou

t cas

e st

udie

s of

env

ironm

enta

l pro

blem

s in

the

loca

l com

mun

ities

Ag

ricul

tura

l plo

ts

su

gges

t cor

rect

ive

mea

sure

s to

har

mfu

l hu

man

act

ivity

C

orre

ctiv

e m

easu

res

di

scus

sing

and

im

plem

entin

g co

rrect

ive

mea

sure

s

Pr

int m

edia

Loca

l eco

syst

ems

ex

plai

n th

e co

ncep

t of

carr

ying

cap

acity

Lim

iting

fact

ors:

-

Wat

er

- Fo

od

- Oxygen

- Sp

ace

and

shel

ter

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e co

ncep

t of

carr

ying

cap

acity

Fiel

d tri

p

desc

ribe

the

effe

cts

of

exce

edin

g th

e ca

rryi

ng

capa

city

E

ffect

s:

- D

egra

datio

n of

-

ecos

yste

m

- ov

ergrazing

- di

seas

es

- po

llutio

n

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ef

fect

s of

ex

ceed

ing

the

carr

ying

ca

paci

ty


39

8.21

TO

PIC

10

HEA

LTH

AN

D D

ISEA

SE

53

8.21

TO

PIC

10

HEA

LTH

AN

D D

ISEA

SE

K

EY C

ON

CEP

T O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

LEA

RN

ING

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.21

.1

Dru

g us

e an

d ab

use

de

fine

drug

Dru

g as

any

sub

stan

ce

adm

inis

tere

d in

to th

e bo

dy

and

mod

ifies

or a

ffect

s ch

emic

al re

actio

ns

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e m

eani

ng

of d

rug

IC

T to

ols


de

scrib

e m

edic

al u

ses

of

drug

s

Antib

iotic

s –

peni

cillin

Anal

gesi

cs –

par

acet

amol

, as

prin

Anti-

mal

aria

– c

hlor

oqui

ne

and

palu

drin

e

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e im

porta

nce

of p

rope

r ad

min

istra

tion

and

use

of m

edic

inal

dru

gs.

D

iscu

ssin

g al

lerg

ic

reac

tions

to d

rugs

in

som

e in

divi

dual

s

de

scrib

e th

e ab

use

of

alco

hol,

toba

cco,

ca

nnab

is a

nd s

olve

nts

Ph

ysic

al, m

enta

l and

soc

ial i

ll-ef

fect

s -

Alco

hol

- To

bacc

o -

Can

nabi

s

- So

lven

ts

D

iscu

ssin

g th

e ef

fect

s of

dru

g ab

use

C

arry

ing

out c

ampa

igns

ag

ains

t dru

g ab

use

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

Sp

ecim

ens


40

9.0 ASSESSMENT

9.1 Scheme of Assessment

Forms 3 to 4 Biology assessment will be based on 40% continuous assessment and 60% summative assessment.The syllabus’ scheme of assessment is grounded in the principle of equalisation of opportunities hence does not con-donedirectorindirectdiscriminationoflearners.Arrangements,accommodationsandmodificationsmustbevisibleinboth continuous and summative assessments to enable candidates with special needs to access assessments and re-ceive accurate performance measurement of their abilities. Access arrangements must neither give these candidates an undue advantage over others nor compromise the standards being assessed.

Candidates who are unable to access the assessments of any component or part of component due to disability (tran-sitory or permanent) may be eligible to receive an award based on the assessment they would have taken.NBForfurtherdetailsonarrangements,accommodationsandmodificationsrefertotheassessmentprocedurebook-let.

9.1.1 Continuous assessment

Continuous assessment for Forms 3-4 will consist of practical tests, theory tests and end of term examinations:

9.2.1 Practical tests

These are practical tests that teachers give to learners twice a term. These may be individual or group activities. The tests should cover manipulation of apparatus, following procedures, results collection, presentation, analysis and evaluation.

9.2.2 Theory Tests

These are tests set by the teacher to assess the concepts covered during the term. The tests should consist of multi-ple choice, structured and free response questions. Two tests shall be given in a term

9.2.3 End of term examinations

Thesearecomprehensivetestsofthewholetermwork.Thesecanbesetatschool/district/provinciallevel.Summary of Continuous Assessment TasksIn 5 terms (Form 3 to 4) candidates are expected to have done at least the following recorded tasks per term:

• 2Practicaltests• 2theorytests• 1Endoftermtest

Detailed Continuous Assessment Tasks Table

Term Practical tests Theory Tests EndOfTermTest Total1 2 2 12 2 2 13 2 2 14 2 2 15 2 2 16 National ExaminationsWeighting 20% 10% 10% 405


41

9.3 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES

Thefollowingobjectivesreflectthoseaspectsoftheaimsthatwillbeassessed.Specificbehaviourallearningobjec-tives are stated in each section of the syllabus.

9.3.1 KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION

Learners should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:

1.1scientificinstrumentsandapparatus,techniquesandaspectsofsafety;1.2scientificunits,terminology,symbolsandconventions;1.3scientificquantitiesandhowtheyaredetermined;1.4scientificphenomena,factsandlaws,definitions,concepts,theoriesandmodels;1.5 personal, social, economic and environmental implications of science applications.

9.3.2 HANDLING INFORMATION AND SOLVING PROBLEMS

Learners should be able to demonstrate, in familiar and unfamiliar situations, their ability to:

2.1 extract information relevant to a particular context from data presented in diagrammatic, symbolic, graphical, numericalorverbalform;

2.2usedatatorecognizepatterns,formulatehypothesesanddrawconclusions;2.3translateinformationfromoneformtoanother;2.4communicatelogicallyandconcisely;2.5explainfacts,observationsandphenomenaintermsofscientificlaws,theoriesandmodels;2.6 explain technological applications of science and evaluate their associated personal, social, economic, and

environmentalimplications;2.7makelogicaldecisionsbasedontheexaminationofevidenceandarguments;2.8applyscientificprinciples,formulaeandmethodstosolvequalitativeandquantitativeproblems;2.9suggestexplanationsofunfamiliarfacts,observationsandphenomena;

9.3.3 EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS

Learners should be able to:

3.1followinstructionsforpracticalwork;3.2plan,organiseandcarryoutexperimentalinvestigations;3.3selectappropriateapparatusandmaterialsforexperimentalwork;3.4useapparatusandmaterialseffectivelyandsafely;3.5 make accurate, systematic observations and measurements, recognising the variability of experimental mea-

surements;3.6observe,measureandrecordresultsofexperimentalprocedures;3.7identifypossiblesourcesoferrorinexperimentalprocedures;3.8drawconclusionsandmakegeneralisationsfromexperiments;3.9 extract information from data presented in diagrammatic, graphical or numerical form.


42

WEIGHTING OF ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES

ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES WEIGHTINGPaper 1 and 2Knowledge and comprehension 1.0 60%Handling information and solving problems 2.0 40%Paper 3Experimental skills 3.0 100%

PAPER TYPES OF PAPER DURATION MARKS WEIGHTING1 Multiple Choice 1 hour 40 30%2 Theory 2 hours 100 40%3 Practical 1 hour 30 minutes 40 30%

Paper 1 Theory (1 hour, 40 marks)This paper will consist of 40 compulsory multiple-choice items

Paper 2 Theory (2 hours, 100 marks)

This paper is composed of two sections, A and B

• SectionA–madeupof6compulsorystructuredquestionsof10markseachwhichaddupto60marks.• SectionB-madeupof6optionalquestionsof10markseach.Candidateswillberequiredtoanswerany4

questions to give a total of 40 marks.

Paper 3 Practical Examination (1 hour 30 minutes, 40 marks)

This is a practical test consisting of two compulsory questions of 20 marks each

NOTE:Examinationquestionsonallpapersmaybesetrequiringcandidatestoapplyknowledgetonovelsituations.


43

ASSESSMENT MODEL

Assessment of learner performance in Biology 100%

Continuous assessment (40%) Summative assessment (60%)

Practical Test

20%

Paper 1 30%

Paper 2 40%

Paper 3 30%

Theory Test 10%

End of term examina-tion 10%

Continuous assessment (40%)

FINAL MARKS 100%

Examination(60%)


44

10.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN SYLLABUS/SCIENCE PAPERS It is hoped that the glossary (which is relevant only to science subjects) will prove helpful to candidates as a guide, i.e. itisneitherexhaustivenordefinitive.Theglossaryhasbeendeliberatelykeptbriefnotonlywithrespecttothenum-ber of terms included but also to the descriptions of their meanings. Candidates should appreciate that the meaning of a term must depend in part on its context.

10.1Define(theterm(s)…)isintendedliterally.Onlyaformalstatementorequivalentparaphrasebeingrequired.

10.2Whatdoyouunderstandby/Whatismeantby(theterm(s)…)normallyimpliesthatadefinitionshouldbegiven,togetherwithsomerelevantcommentonthesignificanceorcontextoftheterm(s)concerned,especial-ly where two or more terms are included in the question. The amount of supplementary comment intended should be interpreted in the light of the indicated mark value.

10.3 State implies a concise answer, with little or no supporting argument, e.g. a numerical answer that can be obtained ‘by inspection’.

10.4 List requires a number of points, generally each of one word, with no elaboration. Where a given number of pointsisspecified,thisshouldnotbeexceeded.

10.5 Explain may imply reasoning or some reference to theory, depending on the context.

10.6 Describe requires candidates to state in words (using diagrams where appropriate) the main points of the topics. It is often used with reference either to particular phnomena or to a particular experiment. In the for-mer instance the term usually implies that the answer should include reference to (visual) observations associ-ated with the phenomena.

10.7 Calculate is used when a numerical answer is required. Working should be show

10.8 Deduce means that the candidate is expected to draw logical and valid conclusion from given information.

10.9 Determine implies that the quantity concerned cannot be measured directly but is obtained by calculation, substituting measured or known values of other quantities into a standard formula.

10.10 Estimate implies an approximate calculation of the magnitude or quantity concern

10.11 Find means that the candidate is expected to calculate measure or determine.

10.12 Measure means to establish the quantity concerned using a suitable measuring instrument.

10.13 Outlinemeanstogivetheessentialpoints.

10.14 Predict implies that the candidate is expected to state what as likely to happen by analysing given information

10.15 Sketch,whenappliedtographwork,impliesthattheshapeand/orpositionofthecurveneedonlybequalita-tively correct.

biology syllabus - revision.co.zw · the biology syllabus is designed for learners in forms 3 ......

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