biology review second quarter mr. pagani 2 9 weeks review ...teachers.dadeschools.net/spagani/review...

Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani

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2nd 9 Weeks

Review of major concepts of Biology

Plant structure & Function

1. Label each part of the plant diagram above.

2. What is the function of each part?

(1)_____________________________________________________________________

(2)_____________________________________________________________________

(3)_____________________________________________________________________

(4)_____________________________________________________________________

(5)_____________________________________________________________________

(6)_____________________________________________________________________

3. What is a plant?)_______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the 4 types of tissues found in plants?

______________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the function of xylem & phloem?

______________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the function of meristem tissue?

______________________________________________________________________________

7. What are the 2 types of meristem tissue & where are they found on the plant?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________


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1. Label the flower diagram above.

2. What do you call the entire male part of the flower (it is both # 2 & 3 from the diagram

above)

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Which part of the plant becomes the fruit_______________________________________

4. Which part of the plant becomes the seed?______________________________________

5. What is pollination?_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6. List 3 ways that a seed can be dispersed.________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

1. Label the above diagram with stomata, guard cells, & chloroplast

2. Using arrows show the direction of the following molecules on the diagram above; H2O,

CO2, & O2

3. On which plant organ do you find the structure above? (where do you find it on the plant?) ___________________________________________________________________________

4. Under what condition do you think the stomata would be closed? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Photosynthesis & Respiration

1. Label the above diagram with the following terms: thylakoids, stroma, inner

membrane, outer membrane

2. What is the name of the above organelle? ________________________________

3. What is the function of the above organelle?_____________________________________

4. What is the name of the molecule that captures the sunlight? _________________________________________________________________________

5. Label the above diagram wherever you see arrows with the following molecules/energy:

water, CO2, O2, light energy.

6. What is the equation for photosynthesis? ___________________________________________________________________________

7. What are the 2 parts of photosynthesis?

___________________________________________________________________________

8. Where does the 1st part occur in the chloroplast? ____________________________

9. Where does the 2nd part occur in the chloroplast?) ____________________________

10. In which plant organ does photosynthesis mainly occur? _____________________________

11. What limiting factors affect photosynthesis and HOW? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Use page 209 figure 8-7 to help you label the above diagram. Make sure to include:

H2O, light, light dependent reactions, O2, ATP, NADPH, Calvin cycle, sugars, CO2,

ADP +P, NADP+

1. What is the name of the molecule above? __________________________ 2. When is the energy released from the above molecule?

___________________________________________________________________ 3. What is then name of the above molecule when one phosphate group is removed?

___________________________________________________________________ 4. During which process is ATP made in our bodies?

___________________________________________________________________ 5. What is a calorie?

___________________________________________________________________ 6. What is cellular respiration?

___________________________________________________________________ 7. If oxygen is not present in the cell after glycolysis then how can cells make ATP?

___________________________________________________________________


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Using the words from the word bank below to complete the flowchart about cellular respiration & fermentation.

Word Bank:

Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid anaerobic pathway

Kreb’s cycle ~34-36 ATP Electron Transport Chain

Fermentation Lactic acid Alcohol aerobic pathway

8. What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? ___________________________________________________________________________

9. What happens when your body needs ATP in a hurry & you have used it up in the 1st few seconds? How can it make ATP in your cells without oxygen? ___________________________________________________________________________

10. What polysaccharide does your body use for the 1st 20 minutes of exercise? ___________________________________________________________________________

11. What does your body “burn” after 20 minutes of exercise? ____________________

12. Why do organisms need the process of cell respiration? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


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The above diagram shows how respiration & photosynthesis form a cycle.

1. Label the molecules involved in the above diagram: H2O, O2, CO2, & glucose

2. Why do they call cellular respiration & photosynthesis opposite reactions? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the table below

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Reactants

Products

Location in cell where it occurs

What energy is involved?

Is energy release or absorbed?

What organisms perform this process?

Formula


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The Cell Cycle

1. What are the 2 reasons that cells divide instead of just getting bigger? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the division of the nucleus called? ____________________________________

3. What is the division of the cytoplasm called? __________________________________

4. What is a sister chromatid? ________________________________________________

’

Label the diagram above with words from the word bank

Word Bank:

G1 phase S phase G2 phase telophase

Interphase cell division M phase anaphase

DNA replication cell growth cytokinesis metaphase

Prophase mitosis


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Fill in the diagram below & answer the questions (A,B,C,D, & E are the stages of mitosis)

11. What moves the chromatids during mitosis? ______________________________

12. How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis? __________________

13. During what phase does cytokinesis begin? _______________________________


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14. If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell? ________________________________________________________________________

15. In the cell pictured above, how many chromosomes are present during prophase? ____________________________________________________________________________

Onion Cell Mitosis

Identify the phases of the cell

1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________ 6. ___________________________________________________ 7. ___________________________________________________ 8. ___________________________________________________ 9. ___________________________________________________ 10. ___________________________________________________ 11. ___________________________________________________ 12. ___________________________________________________ 13. ___________________________________________________ 14. ___________________________________________________ 15. ___________________________________________________ 16. ___________________________________________________ 17. ___________________________________________________ 18. ___________________________________________________


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Label the correct diagram above with mitosis & meiosis.

Label the phases of meiosis & fill in the table

Name of Phase Description

1. Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad

2. Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides

3. Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter cells formed

4. Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous pairs

5. Crossing-over occurs

6. Chromatids separate

7. Homologs line up alone equator

8. Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed


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Meiosis continued

1. What is independent assortment? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is crossing over? ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Below explain & draw a diagram of crossing over.

4. What are 3 differences between mitosis & meiosis ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Intro to Genetics


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1. For each genotype, indicate whether it is heterozygous (HE) or homozygous (HO) & dominant or recessive

AA__________________________ Bb___________________________________

cc__________________________ DD___________________________________

Ee__________________________ Ff____________________________________

gg__________________________ HH____________________________________

2. For each of the genotypes below, determine the phenotype.

Purple flowers are dominant to yellow flowers ___________________________PP ___________________________Pp ___________________________ pp

Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes ___________________________BB ___________________________Bb ___________________________bb

Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled

RR _________________________

Rr__________________________ rr___________________________

Square ears are recessive (round ears are dominant) EE___________________________ Ee___________________________ ee___________________________

3. For each phenotype, list the genotypes. (Remember to use the letter of dominant trait)

Straight hair is dominant to curly. straight____________ straight____________ curly______________

Pointed teeth are dominant to round teeth. pointed____________ pointed____________ round_____________

4. Set up the square for each of the crosses listed below. The trait being studied is round seeds (dominant) and wrinkled seeds (recessive)

Rr x rr

What percentage of the offspring will be round? ___________


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Rr x Rr

What percentage of the offspring will be round? ___________

RR x Rr

What percentage of the offspring will be

round? ___________

5. Pointed noses (PP or Pp) are dominant to round noses (pp). Show a cross using a punnett square between a heterozygous mother & homozygous dominant father.

6. Show a cross using a punnett square between a mother with a round nose & a father heterozygous.

7. A homozygous recessive individual is crossed with a homozygous dominant individual. What will be the genotypes of the offspring?_______________________________________________________________

Codominance & Incomplete Dominance

1. Label the genotypes & phenotypes that would go with the following problems below & then indicate if it shows incomplete or codominance

a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers.___________________________

b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red _______________________________________________

c) A Hoo can have curly hair, spiked hair, or a mix of both curly and spiked. ________________


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d) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short.__________________________________________

e) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or white. _________________________________________

2. In Smileys, eye shape can be starred, circular, or a circle with a star. Write the genotypes on the line below for the pictured phenotypes

__________________ _____________________ ___________________

3. Show the cross using a punnett square between a star-eyed and a circle eyed. What are the phenotypes of the offspring? ____________________________________________________________________________What are the genotypes? ____________________________________________________________________________

4. Show the cross using a punnett square between a circle-star eyed, and a circle eyed. How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? _________________________________________ How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? ______________________________________

5. What are multiple alleles? ____________________________________________________________________________

6. Show a cross using a Punnett square of a mother heterozygous for blood type B and a father with type O blood. What percent of the offspring with have type B blood? _________________

7.Show a cross using a Punnett square with a mom that is type AB blood with a father heterozygous for type B blood. What possible blood types can their children have? ____________________________________________________________________________

DIHYBRID CROSS

A cross (or mating)

between two

organisms where

two genes are

studied is called a

DIHYBRID cross.

The genes are

located on separate

chromosomes, so

the traits


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Phenotypic ratios - How many, out of 16 are:

Black, Short Black, Long White, Short White, Long

_____________ __ _______________ ______________ ____________

Fill out the

genotypes of

each of the

offspring to

determine how

many of each

type of

offspring are

produced.

BB = black

Bb = black

bb = white

LL = short hair

Ll = short hair

ll = long hair


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Sex-linked traits

1. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. A normal man marries a normal woman and they have a child with hemophilia. What are the genotypes of the parents? ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. In humans, colorblindness is due to the reccesive allele (c), and normal vision is due to the dominant allele (C). What is the expected offspring between a normal man and a colorblind woman? SHOW THE PUNNETT SQUARE ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Show a cross using a Punnett square between a mom that carries the hemophlila trait and a normal dad. What percent of sons will have hemophlilia? __________________________________________ 4.Show a cross using a Punnett square between a dad that is colorblind with a normal mother that is not a carrier. What percent of the sons will be colorblind? What percent of daughters will be carriers? ____________________________________________________________________________

How many of the

offspring are:

Black, Short ______

Black, Long ______

White, Short ______

White, Long ______


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The Human Genome

1. What is the name of the above diagram? ____________________________________

2. What is the sex of the person shown in the above diagram? ____________________________

3. Does this person have any type of chromosome disorder? _____________________________

4. If so, what is the disorder? ______________________________________________________________________

5. What would the above diagram look like for someone with Turner’s syndrome & Klinefelter’s syndrome? ______________________________________________________________________

6. What is nondisjunction? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The above is a pedigree tracking 3 generations on a family that carries the genes for Albinism. Complete the questions below from the above diagram.

Which 2 individuals were the original people that passed on the albinism trait? ______________________________________________________________________________

1. What are the genotype of individuals II-7 and II-8? _____________________________________

2. What is the relationship of individual II-6 to individual II-12? _____________________________


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3. What is the phenotype, genotype, and sex of individual I-3? ______________________________________________________________________________

biology review second quarter mr. pagani 2 9 weeks review ...teachers.dadeschools.net/spagani/review...

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