biology question bank_1 (1-27)

8/12/2019 Biology Question Bank_1 (1-27)

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REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISM* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

1 MARK QUESTIONS

01. Name the type of cell division that takes place in the zygote of an

organism exhibiting haplontic life cycle.

02. How does Penicillim reprodce asexally!0". #$springs derived by asexal reprodction are called clones. %stify

giving two reasons.

0&. 'ention a characteristic featre and a fnction of zoospores in some

algae.

0(. Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reprodction.

0). *hat is the ma+or di$erence yo observe in the o$springs prodced by

asexal reprodction and in the progeny prodced by sexal

reprodction!

0,. -crbits and papaya palnts bear staminate and pistillate owers.

'ention the categories they are pt nder separately on the basis of

the type of owers they bear.

0/. list of three owering plants is given below. *hich ones ot of them

are a 'onoecios b 3earing

pistilalte owers

4ist56atepalm7 ccrbits and pea2 MARK QUESTIONS

08. moss plant prodces a large nmber of antherozoids bt relatively

only a few egg cells. *hy!

10. *hy are papaya and date palm plants said to be dioecios7 whereas

ccrbits and cocnt palms monoecios7 inspite of all of them bearing

nisexal owers.

11. Name the type of cell division that takes place in the zygote of an

organism exhibiting haplontic life cycle.

12. 6e9ne +venile phase

1". 6e9ne clone.

1&. 6i$erentiate between monoecios and dioecios plants. :ive one

example of each.

1(. 6raw the sketches of a zoospore and conidim.

1). 'eiocyte of an onion plant contains "2 chromosomes. *ork ot the

nmber of chromosomes fond in its endosperm.

1,. *hat do yo nderstand by internal fertilization! :ive example.

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

1 MARK QUESTIONS;01. bilobed7 dithecos anther has 100 microspore mother cells per

microsporangim. How many male gametophytes this anther canprodce!

02. n anther with malfnctioning tapetm often fails to prodce viablemale gametophytes. :ive one reason.

0". *hy do the pollen grains of


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grains. b*hy is exine of the pollen grain is not a continos layer!

1). ?tate one advantage and one disadvantage of cleistogamy.

1,. 6i$erentiate between albminos and non5albminos seeds7 givingone example of each.

1/. *hy shold a bisexal ower be emasclated and bagged prior to

arti9cial pollination!

18. =he ower of brin+al is referred to as chasmogamos. How are theydi$erent from each other!

20. *hat is geitonogamy! :ive its one similarity to a togamy and b@enogamy.

21. 6i$erentiate between albminos and non5albminos seeds7 givingone example of each.

22. 'ention the reasons for di$erence in ploidy of zygote and primary

endosperm ncles in an angiosperm.2". 3anana is parthenocarpic frit7 whereas oranges show polyembryony.

How are they di$erent from each other with respect to seeds.

2&. Name the cell from which the endosperm of cocont develops. :ive thecharacteristic featres of endosperm of cocont.

2(. Name the blank spaces a 7 b 7 c and d from the table given below.

>tem *hat it represents in the

plantPesicarp

AbB

Cmbryonal axis

AaB

AaB

-otyledon in seeds of grassfamily

AcB

Demains of ncells in aseed

3MARK QUESTIONS

2). 6raw a diagram of a male gametophyte of an angiosplerm. 4abel anyfor parts. *hy is sporopollenin considered the most resistant organicmaterial!

2,. 6i$erentiate between geitonogamy and xenogamy in plants. *hicihone between the two will led to inbreeding depression and why!

2/. 6raw a longitdinal section of a post pollinated pistil showing entry ofpollen tbe into a matre embryo sac. 4abel 9liform apparats7 chalazalend7 hilm7 antipodals7 male gametes and secondary ncles.

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28. a *rite the characteristic featres of anther7 pollen and stigma ofwind5pollinated owers.b How do owers reward their insect pollination! Cxplain.

"0. a 'ention any for strategies adopted by owering plants to preventself5pollination.b *hy is geitonogamy also referred to as genetical atogamy!

"1. ?tate the signi9cance of pollination. 4ist any for di$erences betweenwind5pollinated and animal5pollinated owers.

"2. Cnmerate any six adaptive oral characteristics of a wind5pollinatedplant.

"". 6i$erentiate between perisperm and endosperm giving one example ofeach.

"&. Eertilization is essential for the prodction of seed7 bt in some

angiospersm seeds develop withot fertilization. a :ive an example of anangiosperm that prodces seeds withot fertilization. Name theprocess.b Cxplain the two ways by which seeds develop withot fertilization.

5MARK QUESTIONS

"(. How does the megaspore mother cell develop into ,5celled7 /5ncleateembryo sac in an angiosperm! 6raw a labeled diagram of a matreembryo sac.

"). a 6raw a diagram of an enlarged view of =.? of one microsporangimof an angiosperm and label the following parts;i =apetm ii 'iddle layer iii Cndothecimiv 'icrospore mother cellb 'ention the characteristic featres and fnction of tapetm

cCxplain the following giving reasons;

i Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils ii

Pollen tablets are in se of people these days.

",. a =race the development of megaspore mother cell pto the formationof a matre embryo sac in a owering plant.b 6raw a labeled diagram of the strctre of matre dicot embryo.

"/. Cxplain with the help of a diagram the development of a matreembryo sac from a megaspore mother cell in angiosperm.

"8. a 6raw a labeled diagram of a matre embryo sac.b *hy does a pollen grain possess two male gametes! Cxplain.

&0. 6raw a labeled diagram of an anther lobe at microspore mother cell

stage. 'ention the roles of di$erent wall layers of anther.&1. 6raw a labeled diagram of the sectional view of a matre pollen grain

in angiosperm. Cxplain fnctions of its two di$erent parts.

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&2. a 6raw a labeled schematic representation of a matre embryo sac ofan angiosperm.b 6escribe the stages in embryo development in a dicot plant.

&". a *hy is fertilization in an angiosperm referred to as doblefertilization! 'ention the ploidy of the cells involved.

b 6raw a neat labeled sketch of 4.? of anendospermos monocot seed.

&&. a *hy is the process of fertilization in angiosperms termed as dobledfertilization! Cxplain.b 6raw a diagram of an angiospermic embryo sac where fertilizationis +st completed. 4abel the following parts;

i 'icropylar end of embryo sac ii =he

part that develops into an embryoiii =he part the develops into an endosperm.iv =he degenerating cells at the chalazal end.

c 6raw a labeled diagram of globlar embryonic stage of anangiosperm.

&(. a Cxplain the characteristic featre of wind5pollinated owers. Howare insect5pollinated owers di$erent from them!

b Cxplain the mtally rewarding relationshipbetween Fcca plant and species of moth.

&). Cxplain doble fertilization and trace the post fertilization events inseGential order leading to seed formation in a typical dicotyledonosplant.

&,. a 6escribe in seGence the process of megasporogenesis inangiosperms. b 6raw the seven5celled strctreformed and label all the di$erent cells.

&/. Cxplain the development of the zygote into an embryo and of theprimary endospermic ncles into an endosperm on a fertilized embryosac of a dicot plant.

&8. a :eitonogamy is fnctionally a cross pollination bt geneticallysimilar to atogamy. Cxplain.b *hy do owering plants need to develop otbreeding devices!

Cxplain any three sch devices developed by owering plants.

(0. a 6raw a labeled diagram of 4.? of a ower to show the growth ofpollen tbe reaching egg apparats.

b Pistil of a ower does not accept pollenfrom any plant other than from its own kind. How does it happen!Cxplain. c*hat is syngamy!

(1. How does the pollen mother cell develop into a matre pollen grain!>llstarte the stages with labeled diagram.

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(2. a 6raw a schematic labeled diagram of a fertilized embryo sac of anangiosperm. b 6escribe the stages in embryo development in adicot plant.

(". a Cxplain the process of doble fertilization in angiosperms. b 4ist the changes each part of the

fertilized ovle ndergoes to develop into a seed.

(&. :ive reasons why!a 'ost zygotes in angiosperms divide only after certain amont ofendosperm is formed

b :rondnt seeds are exalbminos andcastor seeds are albminos c'icropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat of a seed.

d >ntegments of anovle harder and the water content is highly redced as the seedmatres.e pple and cashewnts are not called tre frits.

#Da 6raw a labeled diagram of 4.?. of an embryo of grass any sixlabels b :ive reason for eachof the following;i nthers of angiosperm owers are described as dithecos

ii Hybrid seeds have to be prodcedyear after year.

((. a 6raw a labeled longitdinal view of an albminos seed. b How are seeds advantageos to

owering plants!

(). a =race the development of embryo after syngamy in a dicot plant. b Cndosperm development

precedes embryo development. Cxplain c 6rawa diagram of a matre dicot embryo and label cotyledons7 plmle7radical and hypocytyl in it.

(,. a *ith the help of a labeled diagram depict the organization of atypical embryo sac +st after doble fertilization

b How are seeds advantageos toangiosperms!

(/. =he following statements describe the wind5pollinated plants. *hichone of these statements is incorrect!

i =he pollen grains are sticky ii ?tatements are

well exposediii Elowers often have a single ovle

(8. *hy is apple called a false frit!

)0. 6raw a labeled diagram of the longitdinal section of a maize grain toshow the strctre of matre embryo.

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)1 6raw a labeled diagram of the sectional view of a matre pollen grainin angiosperms. Cxplain the fnctions of its di$erent parts.

)2. Cxplain what do yo know abot the phenomenon of sexalincompatibility.

)". *hy are pollen grains prodced in enormos Gantity in maize!

)&. Cach pollen grain prodces two male gametes. How many grains will be

reGired to fertilise 9ve ovles present in a particlar carpel! :ivereason in spport of yor answer.

)(. 6raw a longitdinal section of matre anatropos ovle. Cxplainmegasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte.

)). :ive example of staminate and pistillate owers.

),. *hat is the location and fnction of sporopollenin!

)/. 6e9ne the following termsi pomixis ii Polyembryony iii Cmasclation

)8. Name the type of ower7 which favors cross5pollination.

,0. i =race the development of embryo after syngamy in a dictor plant. ii 6raw a diagram of

matre dicot embryo.

,1. 6i$erentiate between vegetative cell and generative cell.

,2. i 6raw a labeled diagram of 4.?. of maize5seedii :ive reason

a nthers of angiosperm owers are described as dithecos

b Hybrid seeds have to be prodced year after year.

,". 6i$erentiate between chasmogamos and cleistogamos owers.

,&. 6raw neat and labeled diagram of ,5celled7 /5ncleate femalegametophyte.

,(. i 6raw a schematic labeled diagram of a fertilized embryo sac of anangiosperm. ii 6escribe the stages in embryo development in adicot plant.

,). :ive example of parthenocarpic frit.

,,. >n an angiosperm7 the embryo sac is haploid7 zygote is diploid andendosperm is triploid. %stify giving reasons of each stage.

,/. 'ention the application of pollen banks. How are pollen stored in abank!

,8. Cven thogh each pollen grain has two male gametes. *hy atleast tenpollen grains and not 9ve pollen grains reGired to fertilise ten ovlespresent in a particlar carple!

/0. 6raw a labeled diagram of a pistil showing formation of pollen tbe.

/1. *rite the location and fnction of tapetm.

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lso provide the chromosome no.for Gestion no.55 iv7 v7 vi

1(. :ive the hormonal control of sperm5genesis

1). Eill p the blanks

H y p o t h a l a m u s

A

F S H L H

B C

P r o c e s sc a l l e d D

E

P r o d u c e

P r o d u c e

a c t i o n

1,. Cxplain the strctre of sperm with a labeled diagram.

3 MARK QUESTIONS

1/. ccont the natre of sperm in the semen.

18. *ho reglate fnctions of male sex accessory dcts and glands! *hoprodce it!

20. *hich organ prodces semen! =he sperm motility is de toIIIIIIIIIIIII

21. Cxplain the gradal development of the follicles in the female ovaryfrom foetal stage to ovlation.

22. *hat is folliclar atresia! *hen it takes place!

2". :ive a schematic representation of spermatogenesis and oogenesis

2&. *hat is the fate and advantage of polar body!

2(. How many chromosomes are present in J primary oocyte5

?econdary oocyte5 1stpolar body5 2ndpolar body5 #otidKovm

2). *hat is menarche and menopase!. *hen does this occr! *hat ispberty!

2,. Cxplain hormone in menstral cycle.

2/. terine proliferation is a common phenomenon dring menstral cycle.How does it happens! *hat is 'enses!



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28. *ith the help of menstral cycle explain development of 9lled.

"0. *hat is 4H srge! *hat is ovlation! *hich hormone case and indcethe process! *hen does it happen!

"1. *hat is corps ltem! *hat is its fnction! >f fertilization doesnBtoccr. *hat is its fate!

"2. 6ring pregnancy7 menstral cycle stop. *hy!

"". *hat is coits! >s there a time period in hmans.

"&. *here fertilization takes place!

"(. *hat is the life span of sperm and secondary oocyte!

"). 6istingish between fertilization and amphimixis.

",. 'onospermic fertilization only takes place in hman. *hy!

"/. *hen does ootid reslt!

"8. 4ist ot the secretions the case entry of sperm into the ovm.

&0. How zygote is formed! Cxplain the early cleavage patterns to form amorla and thin into a blastocyst!

&1. 6oes woman determine sex of the child! >f so or >f notL How!

&2. / to 1) celled embryo is called . >t is formed in 3 and transforms into -which get implanted at 6. Eill p 7 3 7 - 7 6 blanks

&".

A

B

C

a >n 9gre label 7 3 7 -

b *hat is the stage c :ive signi9cance of A3B.

&&. *hat is implantation! How is hman placenta formed!

&(. 4ist ot the placental hormones and give one fnction of each.

&). *hich hormones are prodced in excess dring pregnancy! *hat is its

advantage.

&,. *hat is pregnancy test!

&/. *hat is rape test!

&8. *hat are stem cells!

(0. *hat is gestation period! :ive gestation periods of 'an7 dog7 cat andelephant.

(1. :ive the development of the foets dring gestation months.

(2. 'ention the time when these changes happen.a 1stheart sond in IIIIIIIIIb 6evelop limbs and digits in IIIIII



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c 'a+or organs formed in IIIIIIIIId Cxternal genitals in IIIIIIIIIe 1stmovement in IIIIIIIIIIf Head hair appearance in IIIIIIIIIg 3ody hair7 eyelids in IIIIIIIIh Elly formed foets by IIIIIIIIIIIi Cye lashes develop in IIIIIIIIII

+ 4egal limit for '=P is IIIIIIIII

(". *hat is partrition! *hat cases it!

(&. *hat are neroendocrine mechanism that case delivery!

((. *hat is foetal e+ection reex! *ho cases it!

(). *hich hormones are fond more in blood dring labor pains! *hy!

(,. *hich hormone is in+ected fora >ndcing partrition b >ndcing lactation

(/. *hat is lactation!(8. *hat is colostrms! *hy is it good for neo5natals!

)0. M3reast feeding is best for babies. -omment.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

1 MARKS QUESTIONS

01. *hat is health and reprodctive health!

02. *rite the importance of reprodctive health to the society.

0". *hat are rral developmental programme! *hen and by whom theywere 9rst started!

0&. Cxpand *H#7 D-H7 -6D>7 >'D7 ''D7 ?=6 7 >6 7 D= 7 :>E= 7 O>E= 7 C= 7>7 >-?>7 '=P7 D=>7 >.

0(. 'ention the ways how D-H reach the common man!

0). :ive the ob+ectives of D-H.

0,. *hat are prenatal and postnatal care provided!0/. *hat is amniocentosis! *hy is it banned!

08. How and what are the indicative measres of reprodctively healthysociety!

10. MCvery sixth person in the world is an >ndian. Cxplain with reference to a Poplation of world and

>ndiab :rowth rate and reason for increase in growth rate

11. *hat can be the possible problems if poplation explodes!

12. Name the family planning prog. employed by the government!

1". 'ention the level limit of marriage in >ndia.



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1&. *hat is an >deal contraceptive!

2 MARKS QUESTIONS

1(. 6escribe the natral contraception methods.

1). *hat is fertile period! *hat is its importance!

1,. re natral method e$ective! *hy!1/. Physical barrier method is very ideal. >llstrate! :ive an example of a

condom.

18. 4ist ot the physical barriers sed by females.

20. *hat are most poplar and safe contraceptive sed in >ndia. *hy!

21. 4ist ot the di$erent types of >6.

22. *hat are pills! How are they sed! :ive its advantage.

2". *hat is once a week pill! How are they sed! *ho prepared them!

2&. >mplants and in+ections are very e$ective contraceptives. Claboratetheir sage.

2(. *hat shold be done if nwanted coits occr! >s the method acontraceptive! *hy.

2). *hat are srgical methods! *hat is its advantage!

2,. sage of contraceptives is against natre and its methods. >t is notsafe. dd a note to the above statement giving the side e$ects of thesemethods.

2/. *hat is indced abortion! *hy is it not safe! *hen it is legalized!*hy!

28. 'ention few ?=6K.

"0. *hich E= and C= are done.

"/. *hy D= is not poplar in common people!

"8. :ive another soltion to have child for infertile coples.

PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION



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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

1 MARK QUESTIONS;

01. garden pea plant prodced inated yellow pod and another plant3 same species are prodced constricted green pods. >dentify thedominant traits.

02. Name the respective pattern of inheritance where 1f phenotype.

a6oes not resemble either of the two parents and is in between thetwo. bDesembles only one of the two parents.

0". Name the event dring cell division cycle that reslts in the gain or lossof chromosome.

0&. Pea owers prodce assred seeds sets. :ive a reason.

0(. *rite the percentage of 2F homozygos and heterozygos poplations

in a typical monohybrid cross.

0). How wold yo 9nd the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominantphenotype trait!

0,. *hen a tall pea plant was self5pollinated7 one5forth of the progenywere dwarf progenies.

0/. Name one atosomal dominant and one atosomal recessive'endelian disorder in hmans.

08. *rite the genotypic of a an individals who is carrier of sickle cellanaemia gene bt apparently na$ected b anindividal a$ected with disease.

10. hman being s$ering from 6ownBs syndrome shows trisomy of 21st

chromosome. 'ention the case of thischromosomal abnormality.

11. =he son of haemophilic man may not get this genetic disorder. 'entionthe reason.

12. *rite the case of 6ownBs syndrome in hmans.

1". haemophilic son was born to normal parents. :ive the genotypes ofthe parents.

2 MARKS QUESTIONS:

1&. >n a dihybrid cross white eyed7 yellow bodied female 6rosophila crossed

with eyed7 brown bodied male 6rosophila prodced in 2F generation

1." recombinants and 8/., progeny with parental type

combinations. =his observation of 'organ deviated from 'endelian 2F

phenotypic dihybrid ratio. Cxplain7 giving reasons7 'organ isobservation.

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1(.

T T

t t

T t T t

A

B C

D

t a l l p l a n t t a l l p l a n t

4ook at theabove diagram and answer the following Gestions; a *rite

the genotypes of 737-76.b*rite the phenotypes of 737-76.

c*rite the phenotypic ratio of progeny. d*rite the genotypic ratio

of progeny.

1). man with blood grop married a woman with 3 grop. =hey have ason with 3 blood grop and daghter with blood grop #. *ork otthe cross and show the possibility of sch inheritance.

1,. plant of ntirrhinm ma+s with red owers was crossed with the

another of the same species with white owers. =he plants of the 1F

generation born pink owers. Cxplain the pattern of inheritance withthe help of across.

1/. women with blood grop A#B married a man with 3 blood grop.?how the possible blood grops of the progeny. 4ist the alleles

involved in this inheritance.18. >n a particlar plant species7 ma+ority of the plant bears prple owers.

No intermediate colors are observed. >f yo are given a plant withprple7 owers7 how wold yo con9rm that it is a pre breed for thattrait! Cxplain.

20. woman with A3B blood grop married a blood grop. =hey had 2 sonsboth has 2 sons both has A#B grop. ?how the possibility of sch aninheritance. 4ist the alles involved in determining the blood grop.

21. How are dominance7 co5dominance and incomplete dominance patterns

of inheritance di$erent from each other!22. pea plant with prple owers was crossed with white owers

prodcing (0 plants with only prple owers. #n sel9ng7 these plantsprodced &/2 plants with prple owers and 1)2 with white owers.*hat genetic mechanism acconts for these reslts! Cxplain.

2". 6ring his stdies on genes in 6rosophila that were ?ex5linked7 =H

'organ fond 2F 5poplation phenotypic ratio deviated from expected

8;";";1. Cxplain the conclsion he arrived it.

2&. *ork ot a cross between tre breeding red and white owered dog5

ower plants snapdragon p to 2F progeny. Cxplain the reslts of

1 2F and F generations.

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2(. >nheritance pattern of 3# blood grops in hmans shown domaince7codominance and mltiple allelism. Cxplain each concept with the helpof blood grop genotypes.

2). >n one family each of the for children has a di$erent blood grop.=heir mother is grop and the father is grop 3. Cxplain this patternof inheritance with the help of a cross along with genotypes.

2,. *ho proposed chromosomal theory of inheritance! Point ot any twosimilarities in the behavior of chromosomes and genes.

2/. *hen tall pea plants were selfed7 some of the o$springs were dwarf!Cxplain with the help of a Pnnett sGare.

28. i =allness of pea plant is a dominant traitL dwarfness is the alternaterecessive trait. pre tall pea plant is crossed to a dwarf one. *ork

ot the cross to show that what fraction on the tall plants in 2F

generator is heterozygos! ii?tate any one law of 'endel which can be derived from this cross.

"0. *hat is the inheritance pattern observed in the size of starch grainsand seed shape of Pism sativm. *ork ot the monohybrid crossshowing the above traits. How does this pattern of inheritance deviatefrom that of 'endelian law of dominance!

"1. a 4ist three di$erent allelic forms of gene A>B in hman explain thedi$erent phenotype expressions7 controlled by these three form.

b womanwith blood grop AB marries a man with blood grop A#B. 6iscss thepossibilities of the inheritance of the blood grop in the following

starting with AyesB or AnoB for each.i =hey prodce children with blood grop AB onlyii =hey prodce children with A#B blood grop and some with AB bloodgrop.

"2. a Cxplain monohybrid cross taking seed coast color as a trait in

Pism sativm. *ork ot the cross p to 2F generation.

b?tate the laws ofinheritance that can be derived from sch a cross.

cHow is the phenotypic ratio of 2F generation di$erent in a dihybrid

cross!"". a tre breeding homozgos pea plant with green pods and axial

owers as dominant characters7 is crossed with a recessivehomozygos pea plant with yellow pods and terminal owers. *ork ot

the cross p to 2F generation giving the phenotypic ratios of 1F and 2F

generation respectively.b ?tate the 'endelian principle which can be derived from sch across and not from monohybrid cross.

"&. a ?tate the law of independent assortment.

b sing Pnnett sGare demonstrate law of independent assortmentin a dihybrid cross involving two heteroxygos parents.

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"(. 3# blood groping in hman poplation exhibits for possiblephenotypes from six di$erent genotypes. Cxplain di$erent mechanismof inheritance involved in exhibiting the possibility of for phenotypesand six genotypes.

"). a *hen a garden pea plant with violet owers was crossed withanother plant with white owers7 (0 of the progeny bone violetowers.b *ork ot the cross.c Name the type of cross and mention its signi9cance.

d How does theinheritance pattern of ower color in snapdragon di$er from theabove!

",. *hen a garden pea plant with green pods was cross5pollinated withanother plant with yellow pods7 (0 of the progeny born green pods;

a*ork ot the cross to illstrate this

b How do yo refer to this type ofcross! *hy is sch a cross done!

"/. >nheritance pattern of ower color in garden pea plant andsnapdragon di$ers. *hy is this di$erence observed. Cxplain showing

the crosses p to 2F generation.

"8. Fo are given a red ower5bearing pea plant and a red ower bearingsnapdragon plant. How wold yo de9ne the genotypes of these twoplants with respect of the color of the ower! Cxplain with the help ofcrosses. -omment pon the pattern of inheritance seen in these two

plants.

&0. particlar garden pea plant prodces only violet owers.a >t is homozygos

dominant for the trait and heterozygos!b How wold yo ensre its genotype! Cxplain with the help ofcrosses.

&1. a Fo are given tall pea plants with yellow seeds genotype arenknown. How wold yo 9nd these plants! Cxplain with the help ofcross.

b >dentify a7 b and c in the table given below.

Pattern of inheritance 'onohybrid 1F Phenotypic

expression

-odominance

AbB

>ncomplete dominance

AdB

=he progeny resembled onlyone of the parents.

AcB

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&2. >nheritance pattern of ower color garden pea plant and snapdragondi$ers. *hy is this di$erence observed! Cxplain showing the crosses.

&". particlar garden pea plant prodced only violet owers. >t may ormay not be homozygos dominant for the trait. How wold yo ensreits genotype. Cxplain with crosses.

&&. *ith the help of one example each7 provide genetic explanation for the

following observations; a 1F generation resembles both the

parents. b

1F generation does not resemble either one of the parents.

&(. Provide genetic explanation for the observation in which the ower

color in 1F generation of snapdragon did not resemble either of the

two parents. However7 the parental characters reappeared when 1F

progenies were selfed.b ?tate the three principles of 'endelBs law of inheritance.

&). a tre breeding pea plant7 homozygos for inated green pods iscrossed with another pea plant with constricted yellow pods $gg

*hat wold be the phenotype and genotype of 1F and 2F generations!

:ive the phenotype ratio of 1F generations!

b ?tate thegeneralization proposed by 'endel on the basis of the abovementioned cross.

&,. tre breeding pea plant homozygos for axial violet owers iscrossed with another pea plant with terminal white owers aavv

a

*hat wold be the phenotype and genotype of 1F and 2F generation.

b :ive the phenotypic ration of 2F

generation.c 4ist the 'endelBs generalization that can be derived from the abovecross.

&/. homozygos tall pea plant with green seeds is crossed with a dwarfpea plant with yellow seeds is

a *hat wold be the phenotype and

genotype of 1F !

b *ork ot the phenotypic ratio of 2F generation with the help of a

Pnnett sGare.

&8. tall pea plant with yellow seeds herozygos for both the traits iscrossed with a dwarf pea plant with green seeds. sing a PnnettsGare work ot the cross to show the phenotypes and the genotypes.

#f 1F generation.

(0. snapdragon plant homozygos for red ower when crossed with a

dwarf pea plant with green seeds. sing a Pnnet sGare work ot thecross to show the phenotypes and the genotypes of 1F generation.

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a *hat is the phenotypic expression called!

b *ork ot the cross to show the 2F generation when 1F was self5

pollinated. :ive the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of 2F generation.

c

How do yo compare the 2F phenotypic and genotypic ratios with

those of 'endelian monohybrid2Fratios.

(1. a tre breeding pea plant homozygos for axial violet owers iscrossed with another pea plant with terminal white owers aavv.

*ork ot the cross to show the phenotypes and genotypes of 1F and

2F generation along with the ratios. b

?tate the law that 'endel proposed on the basis of sch a cross.

(2. tre breeding pea plant7 homozygos for inated and green pods iscrossed with another pea plant with constricted and yellow pods $gg.

a *ork

ot the cross to show the phenotypes and genotypes 1F and 2Fgenerations. :ive the phenotype ratio of 2F generation.

b 4ist the laws of'endel which can be derived from sch a cross.

(". 4et BFB be the genotypic symbol for dominant yellow seed color7symbol AFB for recessive green seed color7 symbol ADB for dominantrond shape of seed and symbol ArB for recessive wrinkled seed shapein garden pea. sing these symbols7 explain the 'endelBs law ofindependent assortment.

(&. :iven below is a table showing the genotypes and the phenotypes ofblood grops in the hman poplation;

:enotype Phenotype

A*B

0BI I

A BI I

A@B

AFB

AOB

0

a >dentify the genotypes * and @ and the phenotypes F and O. b How is codominance di$er

from incomplete dominance!c Name the pattern of inheritance exhibited by the phenotypes Fand O.

((. Haemophilia is a sex5linked inheritance condition in hmans where a

simple ct cases non5stop bleeding. ?tdy the pedigree chartshowing the inheritance of haemophilia in a family. nswer theGestions that follow.

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1 2

3 ! " # $ %

1 & 1 1 1 2 1 3 1

:ive reasons which explain that haemophilia is a ?ex5linked b-ased by @5linked gene.

(). =he male frit y and female fowl are heterogametic7 while the femalefrit y and the male fowl are homogametic. *hy are they called so!

3MARKS QUESTIONS

(,. a ?ickle cell anaemia in hmans is a reslt of point mtation. Cxplain.b *rite the genotypes of both the

parents who have prodced a sickle celled amanmico$springBs.

(/. Name a disorder7 give the karyotype and write the symptoms where ahman male s$ers as a reslt of an additional@5chromosome.

(8. a *hy are grasshopper and 6rosophilia said to show maleheterogamety! Cxplain. b Cxplainfemale heterogamety with the help of an example.

)0. Cxplain the sex determination mechanism in hmans. How is it di$erent

in birds!)1. ?tdy the given pedigree chart showing the pattern of blood gropinheritance in a family.

A B

A

A'

(

) A B

a :iven the genotype of the following; i Parents ii =he individal A@B insecond generation.b ?tate the possible blood grops of the individal AFB

in third generation. c Now does theinheritance of this blood grop explain codominance.

)2. Haemophilia is a sex5linked recessive disorder of hman. =he pedigreechart given below shows the inheritance ofhaemophilia in one family. ?tdy the pattern of inheritance and

answer the Gestion given;



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1 2

3 ! " # $ %

1 & 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 !

a :iven all the possible genotypes of the members od &7( and ) in thepedigree chart.

b blood test shows that theindividals 1& is a carrier of haemophilia. =he membernmbered 1( has recently married the member nmbered 1&. *hat is the probability that their 9rst child will be a haemophilia male!

)". Decently a girl baby has been reported to s$er from haemophilia. Howis it possible! Cxplain with the help of a

cross.

)&.

B A

B

BB

BA A A

A B

A B

A BO

1 2

3 4 5 ! "

# 1 $

?tdy the pedigree chart given above7 showing the inheritance patternof blood grops ion a family and answer the following Gestions;

a :ive the possible genotypes of the individal 1 and 2.b *hich antigen or

antigens will be present on the plasma membranes of D3-s ofindividals ( and 8!c :ive the genotype of the individals " and &.

)(. Cxplain the pattern of inheritance of haemophilia in hmans. *hy is the

possibility of a hman female becoming a haemophilic extremely rare!Cxplain.

)). non5Haemophilic cople was informed by their doctor that there ispossibility of a haemophilic child be born to them. Cxplain the basis onwhich the doctor conveyed this information. :ive the genotypes andthe phenotypes of all the possible children who cold be born to them!

),. ?tdy the given pedigree chart and answer the Gestion that follow;



21/31

I

I I

II I

a >s the trait recessive or dominant. b >s the trait sex5linked or atosomal!

c :ive the genotype of the parents in generation > and of their thirdand forth child shown. >n generation >> and the 9rst grand child shownin generation >>>.

)/. ?tdy the pedigree chart given below showing the inheritance patternof hman trait and answer the Gestions that follow;

I

II

II I

a :ive the genotype of the parents shown in generation > and of theson and daghter shown in generation >>.

b :ive the genotype of thedaghter shown in 9gre >>>.c >s the trait sex5linked or atosomal! %stify yor answer.

)8. a normal cople gave birth to one haemophilic son and two normaldaghters. *ork ot the cross to show the genotypes of the parentsand their progeny. b :ive the possiblegenotypes of the parents who can give birth to haemophilic daghters.

,0. How is that hman females are rarely haemophilic! Cxplain.

5 MARK QUESTIONS:

,1. a *hy is haemophilia generally observed in hman males! Cxplainthe conditions nder which a hman female can be haemophilic.

b pregnant hman female was advised to ndergo '=P. >t wasdiagnosed by her doctor that the foets she is carrying has developedfrom a zygote formed by an @@5egg fertilized by F5 carrying sperm. *hywas she advised to ndergo '=P!

,2. a How does a chromosomal disorder di$er from a'endelian disorders. b Name any two chromosomal aberration J

associated disorders. c 4istthe characteristics of the disorders mentioned above that help in theirdiagnosis.



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,". Cxplain the cases7 inheritance pattern and symptoms of any two'endelian genetic disorders.

,&. *rite the symptoms of haemophilia and sickle5cell anaemia in hman.Cxplain how the inheritance pattern of the two diseases di$er fromeach other.

MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

1 MARK QUESTIONS;01. *hy hnDN is reGired to ndergo splicing!

02. 'ention the two additional processing which hnDN needs to ndergoafter splicing so as to become fnctional.

0". *hen and at what end does the AtailingB of hnDN take place!

0&. t which ends do AcappingB and AtailingB of hnDN occr take place!

0(. How is the length of 6N sally calclated!

0). a 6raw a neat labeled diagram of a ncleoson.

0,. 'ention the role of the codons : and : dring protein synthesis.

0/. 'ention two fnctions of the codon :.

08. How are two short polypeptide chains of inslin linked together!

10. Name the techniGe sed for separating 6N fragments in thelaboratory.

11. *hat is the signi9cance of the process of DN interference DN inekaryotic organisms!

2MARK QUESTIONS12. 6raw a schematic diagram of a part of doble stranded dincleotide6N chain having all the for nitrogenosbases showing the correct polarity.

1". 6raw a neat labeled sketch of a replicating fork of 6N.

1&. a 6raw a neat labeled diagram of a ncleosome.b 'ention what enables histones to acGire a positive charge.

1(. How do histones acGire positive charges!

1). ?tate the dal role of deoxyriboncleoside triphosphates dring 6Nreplication.



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1,. 'ake a labeled diagram of an DN dincleotide showing its 3' 5 'polarity.

1/. 6i$erentiate between a template strand and a coding strand of 6N.

18. :ive one fnction each of histone protein and non5histonechromosomal protein in an ekaryotic ncles.

20. -ompare the roles of the enzymes 6N polymerase and 6N ligase in

the replication.

21. 4ist the salient featres of doble helix strctre of 6N.

22. Cxplain the process of DN interference.

2". *rite the fll form of


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c How did the scientists make it possible todistingish the heavy 6N molecle from the light 6N molecle!Cxplain.d *rite the conclsion the scientists arrived at after completing theexperiment.

"(. 6escribe the initiation proves of transcription in bacteria.

"). 6escribe the elongation process of transcription in bacteria.",. 6escribe the termination process of transcription in bacteria.

"/. >n a series of experiments with ?treptococcs and mice7 E :riQthconclded that D5strain bacteria had been transformed. Cxplain.

"8. 6raw a schematic representation of a dincleotide. 4abel the following;

a =he component of a ncleotide b (B endc N5glycosidic linkage d Phosphodiester linakge

&0. a 6raw a schematic representation of transcription nit showing thepolarity of both the strands. 4abel the promoter gene and the templatestrand. b 'ention the conditionwhen template strand becomes coding strand. c :ivethe fnction of the promoter gene.

&1. *hy does 6N replication occr in small replication fork and not in itsentire length! a *hy is 6N replication continos anddiscontinos in a replication fork! bCxplain the importance of AoriginB of replication in a replication fork.

&2. =he length of 6N molecle in a typical mammalian cell is calclated tobe approximately 2.2 metres. How is the packaging of this longmolecle done to accommodate. >t within the ncles of the cell!

&". *hat is hnDN! Cxplain the changes hnDN ndergoes dring itsprocessing to form mDN.

&&. nambiogos7 niversal and degenerate are some of the terms sedfor the genetic code. Cxplain the salient featres of each of them.

&(. a Name the scientist who called tDN an adapter molecle b 6raw a clover leaf strctre of tDN

showing the following;i =yrosine attached to its amino acid siteii nticodon for this amino acid in its correct site codon for tyrosine is-. c *hat does the actal strctre of tDNlook like!

&). Cxplain the role of reglatory gene in a lac operon. *hy is reglation oflac operon called negative reglation!

&,. considerable amont of lactose is added to the growth medim of C.coli. How is the lac operon switched on in the bacteria! 'ention the

state of the operon when lactose is digested.&/. a How many codons code for amino acids and how many do not!

b Cxplain the following giving one

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example of each;i nambigos and speci9c codon ii 6egenerationcodoniii niversal codon iv >nitiator codon

&8. a *hy is tDN called an adapter!b 6raw a label a secondary strctre of tDN. How does the actalstrctre of tDN look live!

(0. #ne of the codons on mDN is :. 6raw the strctre of tDN adaptermolecle for this codon. Cxpalin the niGeness of this tDN.

(1. :ive below is a part of the template strand of a strctral gene.=- -= =:

:=a *rite its transcribed mDN strand with its polarityb Cxplain the mechanism involved in initiation of transcription of thisstrand.

(2. Cxplain the process of charging of tDN. *hy is it essential intranslation!

(". a 6raw the strctre of the initiator tDN adapter molecle. b

*hy is tDN called an adapter molecle!

(&. a ?tate the arrangement of di$erent genes that in bacteria is referredto as AoperonB b 6raw a schematic labeled illstration of lacoperon in a Aswitched onB state. c 6escribe the role oflactose in the lac operon.

5MARK QUESTIONS

((. ?tate the aim and describe 'eselson and ?tahlBs experiment.

(). Name the scientists7 who proved experimentally that 6N is thegenetic material. 6escribe their experiment.

(,. 6escribe Erederick :riQthBs experiment on ?treptococcs pnemonia.6iscss the conclsion he arrived at.

(/. a Cxplain the role of 6N dependent DN polymerase in initiation7elongation and termination dring transcription in bacterial cell.

bHow is transcription a more complex process in ekaryotic cells!Cxplain.

(8. a *rite the scienti9c name of the bacterim sed by Erederick :riQthin his experiment.

b How did he prove that someAtransforming principleB is responsible for transformation of the non5virlant strains of bacteria into the virlent form!c ?tate the biochemical natre of the Atransforming principleB.

d Namethe scientists proved it.

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)0. How did lfred Hershey and 'artha -hase arrive at the conclsion that6N is the genetic material!

)1. *here do transcription and translation occr in bacteria and ekaryotesrespectively! Cxplain the complexities in transcription and translationin ekaryotes that are not seen in bacteria.

)2 a 6escribe Hershey and -haseBs experiment.

b *rite the aim of experiment.)". How were the following proved experimentally! Cxplain.

a 3iochemical natreof the Atransforming principle of :riQthBs experiment b6N is the genetic material.

)&. a Cxplain the experiment performed by :riQth on ?treptococcspnemonia. *hat did he conclde form this experiment!

b Name the three scientists who followed p :riQthBs experiments.

c *hat did they concldeand how!

)(. How did Hershey and -hase proved that 6N is the hereditarymaterial! Cxplain their experiment with sitable diagram.

)). a *hat did 'eselson and ?tahl observed ! *hen

i =hey cltred C.coli ina medim containing 154NH Cl for a few

generations and centrifgal. =he content!ii =hey transferred one sch bacterim to the normal medim of

4NH Cland cltred for two generations.

b *hat did 'eseloson and ?thal conclde from his experiment!Cxplain with the help of diagrams.

c *hich is the 9rst genetic material! :ivereasons in spport of yor answer.

),. How did Hershey and -hase proved that 6N is the hereditarymaterial! Cxplain their experiment with sitable diagrams.

)/. a How did :riQth explained the transformation of D5strain non5virlent bacteria into ?5strain virlent!

b Cxplain how 'ac4eod7 'c-arty and verydetermined the biochemical natre of the molecle responsible fortransforming D5strain bacteria into ?5strain bacteria.

)8. a >n a experiment7 :riQth introdced heat5killed ?5strain bacteria?treptococcs into a mose along with live7 D5strain bacteria. =hemose died bt the scientist recovered living ?5strain bacteria from thedead mose. Cxplain the conclsion that :riQth arrived at after theexperiment.b Cxplain 'ac4eod7 'c-arty and veryBs work that followed :riQthBsexperiment. ?tate the conclsion they arrived at.

,0. Cxplain Hershey -hase experiment. *hat was proved throgh thisexperiment.

CBSE XII QUESTION BANK-BIOLOGY Page 2)


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,1. a Cxplain :riQthBs series of experiments where he witnessedtransformation in bacteria he worked with.

b Name the scientist responsible fordetermining the biochemical natre of Atransforming principleB in:riQth is experiments. *hat did they prove!

,2. *hat is Asemi5conservativeB 6N replication! How was it experimentallyproved and by whom!

,". 6raw the labeled schematic strctre of a transcription nit. Cxplainthe fnction of each component of the nit in the process oftranscription.

,&. *hat is Asemi5conservativeB replication of 6N! Cxplain how it wasexperimentally proved!

,(. a *ho explained the Atransforming principleB is an organism! How didthe scientist perform the experiment to explain this principle!

b How was the biochemical natre of the transforming materialdetermined! Cxplain.

,). How did lfred Hershey and 'artha chase neGivocally proved that6N is the genetic material!

,,. *ho proposed that 6N replication is semiconservative! How did'eselson and ?tahl prove it experimentally!

,/. a ?tate the central dogma in moleclar biology. *ho proposed it! >s itniversally applicable! Cxplain.b 4ist any for properties of a molecle to be able to act as a genetic

material.

,8. 6iagrammatically represent a portion of the doble strandedpolynclotide chain seGence in a 6N molecle involving all the fornitrogenos bases.

/0. a Cxplain the role of 6N dependent DN polymerase in initiation7elongation and termination dring transcription in bacterial cell.

b How is transcription a more complex process in ekaryotic cells!Cxplain.

/1 a 6N polymorphism is the basis of 6N 9ngerprinting techniGe.Cxplain. b 'ention the cases of 6Npolymorphism.

/2. Name and describe the techniGe that will help in solving a case of achild by two di$erent families.

/". =wo blood samples and 3 picked p from the crime scene werehanded over to the forensic department for genetic 9nger printing.6escribe how the techniGe of genetic 9ngerprinting is carried ot.How it will be con9rmed whether the samples belonged to the sameindividal or to two di$erent individals!

CBSE XII QUESTION BANK-BIOLOGY Page 2,


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/&. Cxplain the steps of 6N 9nger printing that will help in processing ofthe two blood samples and 3 picked p from the crime scene.

/(. a *ho proposed the concept of lac operon!b 6raw a labeled schematic representation of a lac operon.

c Cxplain who doesthis operon get switched AonB and Ao$B.

/). 6iagram based Gestions.>dentify the diagram and label the part asked

aA

S% &

b

3 '

3 '

3 '

3 '5 '

5 '

5 '

5 '

(A )

c

(A )

d(A )

e

*** *C T C ** ***

****G A G *****G % + %

, R N A

( A )

V - . H / 0 L % T & P & G . G .

1 2 3 4 5 !

P % / 6 %

/,. Eill in the blanksa lleles controlling hman 3# blood grop shows IIIIIIIIII

CBSE XII QUESTION BANK-BIOLOGY Page 2/


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inheritance. b >n birds R O* chromosomecomplement represents IIIIIIIIII sex.c verage rat eof polymerization shown by 6N dependent 6Npolymerase is IIIIIIIIII bp per second.

d Dho factor is involved inIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII of transcription.e =echniGe of transferring of 6N fragments from gel to

nitrocelllose membrane is called IIIIIIIIIII blotting

//. 6i$erentiate between the following.

a Primase and ligase w.r.t. fnction

b ?ex limited and sex inenced traits

w.r.t. expression

c 'onosomy and =risomy w.r.t. chromosome component

d #tcross

and =estcross

e Hemizygos and heterozygos

/8. Eill in the blanks

a >n incomplete dominance 2F IIIIIIIIIII and IIIIIIIIIIIIII ratio is

same. b >n pea the gene controlling seed shape

also controls IIIIIIIIIII this phenomena is called IIIIIIIIIII

c mino acid IIIIIIIII and IIIIIIIIIIIII are excreptions to

degeneracy d DN polymerase

IIIIIIIIIII and IIIIIIIIIIIII is involved in the formation of rDN

e Hman skin color is controlled by IIIIIIIIII and types of

phenotypes possible for it is IIIIIIIIIIII

80. 'atch the following

-olmn > -olmn >>

a ?olenoid i 10 nm

b -entral 6ogma ii 2 ; 1

c -oat

-olor in 'ice iii 8 ; ) ; 1

d Ncleosome iv "0 nm

e dditive genes v -rick



30/31

81. Sestions from the given termsKoptions in box

a *hat is the dihybrid testcross ratio if the two genes present on

same chromosome shows complete linkage!

b Name the mtation which involves

insertion or deletion of nitrogenos bases from 6N

c *hich 'endelian trait is present on

,thchromosome of pism! d *hich

term is sed when sex determination occrs after fertilization!

e *hat is the size of basic repeat seGence present in -olmn >>

a Histone i >ntrons

b ?plicing ii 6eamination

c =?6 iii 3asic protein

d Nitros acid iv Ncleosome

e PT v Dibozyme

vi C U

vii Hexosaminidase

viii

-hromosome 12

ix -hromosome 1(

x Hydroxylase

8". ?hort answer type Gestions

a 6e9ne seGence annotationb Cxplain strctre of DNP in prokaryotesc *hat s the role of 2/? rDN in ekaryotes!d *hat is dia5andric inheritance!e Cxplain chromosomal aberration associated with inversion

8&. ?hort answer type Gestions.a *hy both strands of 6N are not transcribed!b *hat is mis5sense mtation!c How many type of gametes are prodced from genotype

a3b-c6dCe! d Cxplain the role of 6H loop in tDN.

e *hat is codominance!

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8(. 4ong answer type Gestions.

a *hich featres of DN makes it a nstable genetic material!

b Cxplain experiment

performed by Hershey and -hase to prove 6N as genetic material in

2T virses.

biology question bank_1 (1-27)

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