biology lesson8.3
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The Brain – Lesson 8.3
Three Major Parts of the Brain
1. Cerebrum2. Cerebellum3. Brain stem
Brain stem
1. CerebrumoDivided into two hemispheresoRight – creative, big pictureoLeft – logical, mathematical
oRight side of brain controls the left side of the body
oLeft side of the brain controls the right side of the body
Longitudinal fissuredivides two halves of cerebrum
oTwo sides connected by the corpus callosum a nerve bundle
oCerebrum consist of both gray matter and white matter
oGray matter on the outside called cerebral cortex
o and white matter on the insideoPage 171 in text
Note: Brain is convoluted or folded to get more in a tight space.
So well designed equivalent all phone cable of world into a thimble – WOW!
Four division or pairs of lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal lobes (right and left)Parietal lobes (right and left)Occipital lobes (right and left)Temporal lobe (right and left)
Frontal lobe: location of personality, judgment
and self control
Motor area of frontal lobe – part of frontal lobe in the rear portion controls the voluntary movement
of the skeletal muscles.
Parietal lobes: analyzes the senses
Specific areas in lobe for specificareas of the body.
Occipital lobe: sense of vision
Temporal lobes: sense of hearing, smell and taste
Three Major Parts of the Brain1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellumsecond largest brain region
right and left hemispheres
white and gray matter
tightly packed, convoluted
2. Cerebellum
Function:To take over the skeletal muscle control from the cerebrum so it is free to think about biology!
Cerebrum slowly gives up as practice (ex. Basketball layup)
Three Major Parts of the Brain1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem
located between cerebrum and spinal cord
3 parts to brain stem:
a. medulla oblongata • lowest section of brain stem
•regulates breathing, blood pressure, and other vital functions
•crossover occurs in medulla oblongate
3 parts to brain stem:a. medulla oblongata
b. Pons links cerebrum and
cerebellum assist medulla in regulating
breathing coordinates eye movement
3 parts to brain stem:a. medulla oblongata b. Pons
c. Midbrainlocated above the ponscoordinates eye movements and
pupil dilationcontains reticular formation
Reticular Formation:
On/off switch of cerebrum
Switches cerebral cortex on you wake and are conscious/off you go to sleep, adjust level of alertness
Damage = coma
Reticular formation nuclei are located throughout the brain stem.
Limbic System
a number of complex brain structures
around the brain stem.
Limbic system includes:
thalamus – switch board – sends pulses to right place in brainhypothalamus – control unit for autonomic and endocrine systems (adrenaline)