biology form 5 - the human urinary system

BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

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The organs of the urinary system include the following:-(a) kidneys(b) ureters(c) bladder(d) urethra


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kidney ~ kidney ~ You have two kidneys in your body. They are located towards your back, near your waist. Your kidneys are the site of urine formation.

kidney ~ kidney ~ You have two kidneys in your body. They are located towards your back, near your waist. Your kidneys are the site of urine formation.

UretersUreters ~ These are muscular tubes which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

UretersUreters ~ These are muscular tubes which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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BladderBladder ~ ~ This is a hollow muscular structure which stores urine. It is capable of great distention and can contract with considerable force.

BladderBladder ~ ~ This is a hollow muscular structure which stores urine. It is capable of great distention and can contract with considerable force.

UrethraUrethra ~ ~ This is a muscular tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside.

UrethraUrethra ~ ~ This is a muscular tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside.

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v


Label the organs in a human urinary system

Label the organs in ahuman urinary system

4.4.

3.3.

2.2.

1.1.

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Bladder

Kidney

Ureter

Urethra4.4.

3.3.

2.2.

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Bladder

Kidney

Ureter

Urethra4.4.

3.3.

7




Bladder

Kidney

Ureter

Urethra4.4.

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Bladder

Kidney

Ureter

Urethra

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1. help to regulate the balance of water and salts in the body

by excreting more or less salt and increasing the intake or loss of water.


The functions of the kidneys are:-

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2. regulate osmotic pressure

and ionic levels in the blood.

3. excrete waste products.

4. regulate of blood pH.


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Label the structure of a kidney

Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter1.1.

4.4.

5.5.

2.2.

3.3.

6.6.

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The kidney has 2 internal layers.

a)renal cortex ~ an outer light-red region

b)renal medulla ~ an inner darker red-brown region


The structure of a kidney

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supplies oxygenated blood and nutrients to the kidney.

carries away filtered blood to the body.


renal artery

renal vein

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renal pelvis

urine formed in the kidney drains into the renal pelvis

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Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

4.4.

5.5.

2.2.

3.3.

6.6.

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Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

4.4.

5.5.

3.3.

6.6.

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Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

4.4.

5.5.6.6.

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Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

5.5.6.6.

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Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

6.6.

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Renal pelvisMedulla

Cortex

Renal artery

Renal vein

Ureter

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The functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron. Each human kidney consists of about one million nephrons. A nephron consists of three major parts-

a) the glomerulus

b) Bowman’s capsule c) the distal convoluted tubule.


The Nephron

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- within the kidney, each nephron is supplied with blood by an afferent arteriole which is a branch of the renal artery.

- each afferent arteriole divides further into a tangled capillary network called the glomerulus.

(a) The glomerulus

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The capillaries of the glomerulus reunite to from an efferent arteriole.

Each efferent arteriole divides to

from a network of blood capillaries surrounding the kidney tubules.

These blood capillaries are called peritubular capillaries which eventually reunite into the renal vein.

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Afferent arteriole

To bladder and external

environment

Efferent arteriole

Peritubular capillariesTo renal vein

Tubule

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerulus

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- The Bowman’s capsule is made up of two

layers of cells that surround the glomerulus.

- The space between the two layer of cells is

called the capsular space.

(b)Bowman’s capsule


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The cells that make up the inner wall of the

Bowman’s capsule are called podocytes.

The podocytes adhere closely to the

endothelial cells of the glomerulus.

T.

The renal tubule is made up of the a) proximal convoluted tubule

b) the loop of Henle

c) the distal convoluted tubule

The distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons join to a common collecting duct.


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.


Bowman’s capsule

Blood from renal artery Loop of Henle

Blood to renal vein

Collecting duct

Glomerulus Tubule

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Label the structure of a nephron

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerulus Renal tubule

Loop of Henle Collecting

tubule5.5.

4.4.3.3.

2.2.

1.1.

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Bowman’s capsule



tubule5.5.

4.4.3.3.

2.2.

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Bowman’s capsule



tubule5.5.

4.4.3.3.

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Bowman’s capsule



tubule5.5.

4.4.

33



Bowman’s capsule



tubule5.5.

34



Bowman’s capsule



tubule

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The kidneys excrete waste through urine. The kidney filter blood and produce urine which exits the body through the :-

a)ureters

b) urinary bladder

c) urethra.


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All these structures are found in both males and females. However, the urethra exits through the penis in males and through the vulva in females.


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Urine is a fluid which consists

of water, urea and other

dissolved wastes, and

some excess nutrients.


What is urine?

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39

The formation of urine involves 3 stages:-

a. ultrafiltrationb. reabsorpton c. secretion

The formation of urine


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Blood containing urea and other waste products are brought

into kidneys via the renal arteries. Filtration occurs across the

glomerular walls.

(a) Ultrafiltration


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Selective reabsorption takes place when substances move across the walls of the renal tubule into the capillary network.It occurs at the

proximal convoluted tubule.

(b) Reabsorption


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substances are actively secreted from the blood into the nephron

tubule. Hydrogen ion, potassium, ammonia, creatine and certain

drugs.

(c) Secretion


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is the elimination of urine from the bladder. Once a sufficient

quantity of urine has accumulated in the bladder, the stretch receptors

located in the bladder wall will become activated.

Urination


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The internal sphincter in the urethra must be relaxed by

conscious thought before the urine can pass from the body.


Clean Blood

Renal vein

Ureter

Nephron

Tubule

Renal artery

Blood with waste products

Waste products (urine) to the bladder

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1 (a) Draw and label the functional unit of the kidney. (i) In your diagram, outline the arteriole from the renal artery red to show that it carries oxygenated blood.


Exercise

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(ii) Outline the branch of the renal vein blue to show that it carries deoxygenated blood.(iii) Outline the capillaries intertwine the loop of Henle purple to show that they carry a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.


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(iv) Using red, blue and purple arrows, trace the direction of oxygenatedand deoxygenated blood flow through the unit.


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(v) Using yellow arrows, trace the direction of filtrate as it flows through the unit beginning at the glomerulus.


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The End. Thank you...

MysLkc2009@smk aminuddin baki chemor.

The End. Thank you...

MysLkc2009@smk aminuddin baki chemor.

biology form 5 - the human urinary system

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