BIOLOGYBIOLOGY

Diversity of OrganismsDiversity of Organisms

Diversity of OrganismsDiversity of Organisms

Today I want to talk about Diversity of Today I want to talk about Diversity of Organisms. There are three main topics:Organisms. There are three main topics:

A)A) Five kingdoms of organismsFive kingdoms of organisms B)B) Classification of AnimalsClassification of Animals C)C) Classification of Plants Classification of Plants

Five kingdoms of organismsFive kingdoms of organisms

11 ProkaryotesProkaryotes They include bacteria & blue-green algae. They are very tiny and can seen with the high power of a light

microscope. They consist of a single cell but do not have any true

nucleus ,mitochondria or chloroplasts.

< Anthrax bacteria

A flagellate >

Five kingdoms of organismsFive kingdoms of organisms

22 ProtoctistsProtoctists They are tiny and can be seen with the low power of a microscope. They consist of the single cell with a true nucleus but some are mu

lticellular. They live mainly in water or inside other organisms.

< Amoeba

Paramecium >

Five kingdoms of organismsFive kingdoms of organisms

33 FungiFungi They are made up of a single call or thread-like structures called hyphae. They have cell wall and do not move.They have no chlorophyll and any

roots, stems or leaves. They are usually saprophytic or parasitic and live in soil ir inside other o

rganisms.

< Yeast

Mushroom >

Five kingdoms of organismsFive kingdoms of organisms

44 PlantsPlants All plant cells have cell wall and green plant cells contain

chlorophyll. They make their own food by photosynthesis. They do not move from place to place.

< Plant

Green plant>

Five kingdoms of organismsFive kingdoms of organisms

55 AnimalsAnimals They do not have any cell wall. They cannot make their own food and must take in food. Most of them can move from place to place.

Classification of animalsClassification of animals

Animals

Vertebrates(with a backbone)

Invertebrates(without a backbone)

Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

VertebratesVertebratesAA )) FishFish Their bodies are covered by silmy scales.Their bodies are covered by silmy scales. They have fins.They have fins. Their bodies are streamlined.Their bodies are streamlined. They breathe with gills.They breathe with gills. They are poikilotherms.They are poikilotherms.

VertebratesVertebrates

B)B) AmphibiansAmphibians They can live both on land and in waterThey can live both on land and in water They have wet, silmy skins but no scales.They have wet, silmy skins but no scales. They have 4 limbs when they are adult.They have 4 limbs when they are adult. They are poikilotherms.They are poikilotherms.

VertebratesVertebrates

C)C) ReptilesReptiles Many live on land.Many live on land. They have skin covered by hard, dry scales.They have skin covered by hard, dry scales. They breathe with lungs.They breathe with lungs. They are mostly poikilotherms.They are mostly poikilotherms.

VertebratesVertebrates

D)D) BirdsBirds They have feathers.They have feathers. Most can fly with wings but some cannot.Most can fly with wings but some cannot. They have beaks.They have beaks. They breathe with lungs.They breathe with lungs. They are homoiotherms.They are homoiotherms.

VertebratesVertebrates

E)E)MammalsMammals Their bodies are covered with hair.Their bodies are covered with hair. Females have well-developed mammary glands for feeding their young.Females have well-developed mammary glands for feeding their young. They breathe with lungs.They breathe with lungs. They are homoiotherms.They are homoiotherms.

InvertebratesInvertebrates

Most of them are small.Most of them are small.

Classification of plantsClassification of plants

Plants

Flowering plants(produce flowers)

Non-flowering plants(do not produce any flowers)

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms

Flowering plantsFlowering plants

A)A) Monocotyledonous plantsMonocotyledonous plants They have only one seed leaf in the seed.They have only one seed leaf in the seed.

Iris Rice

Flowering plantsFlowering plants

B)B) Dicotyledonous plantsDicotyledonous plants They have two seed leaves in the seeds.They have two seed leaves in the seeds. Their leaves have a network of veins.Their leaves have a network of veins.

Broad beanWater lily

Non-flowering plantsNon-flowering plants

A)A) MossesMosses They are small plants,but no roots.They are small plants,but no roots. They have chlorophyll but no vascular tissue.They have chlorophyll but no vascular tissue.

Polytrichum

Non-flowering plantsNon-flowering plants

B)B) FernsFerns They are small plants with true roots, stems and They are small plants with true roots, stems and

leaves.leaves. They have chlorophyll and vascular tissue.They have chlorophyll and vascular tissue.

dryopteris

Non-flowering plantsNon-flowering plants

C)C) GymnospermsGymnosperms They have large plants with roots, stems, leaves and They have large plants with roots, stems, leaves and

vascular tissue.vascular tissue. Most of them have needle-shaped leaves.Most of them have needle-shaped leaves.

Firs