BiologyBiology && BehaviorBehavior

The The NERVOUSNERVOUS SYSTEM SYSTEMWhat is its function?What is its function?

– Involved in Involved in thinkingthinking– Involved in Involved in dreamingdreaming– Involved in Involved in feelingfeeling– Involved in Involved in movingmoving– Involved in Involved in reactionsreactions– Involved in Involved in learninglearning– Involved in Involved in memorymemory

Nervous System OverviewNervous System Overview

CIPA: Feeling no pain?CIPA: Feeling no pain?– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ths2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ths2

RJRenvIRJRenvI– http://www.youtube.com/user/http://www.youtube.com/user/

HelpRobertoHelpRoberto How do neurons work?How do neurons work?

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ5dhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ5dD2TtfXwD2TtfXw

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg1Lk&feature=relatedv=Li5nMsXg1Lk&feature=related

TWO PARTS of NERVOUSTWO PARTS of NERVOUS SYSTEM SYSTEM (see transparency)(see transparency)

CENTRALCENTRAL nervous nervous systemsystem

PERIPHERALPERIPHERAL nervous systemnervous system

Made up of nerve Made up of nerve cells that send cells that send messages messages between the CNS between the CNS and parts of the and parts of the body.body.

OUCH! THAT’S

ONE HOT STOVE!!!

How do messagesHow do messages get sent from one get sent from one part of the body to part of the body to

another?another?

VIA the TelephoneVIA the Telephone

How do neurons work?How do neurons work?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysDGX6bOgAwv=ysDGX6bOgAw

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONMessages are sent Messages are sent and received through and received through NEURONSNEURONS (see transparency) (see transparency)

Messages are sent from the Messages are sent from the AXONAXON terminals of one terminals of one neuron to the neuron to the DENDRITEDENDRITE of of the other neuronthe other neuron

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Message must cross Message must cross the the SYNAPSESYNAPSE junction junction of neuron “a” to reach of neuron “a” to reach the dendrites of the dendrites of neuron “b” neuron “b” (see transparency)(see transparency)

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Messages is sent Messages is sent across the synapse across the synapse through through NEUROTRANSMITTERSNEUROTRANSMITTERS or chemical or chemical messengers who carry messengers who carry impulsesimpulses

NEURO- WHAT!?NEURO- WHAT!?Much like drops of water shooting Much like drops of water shooting

out of a spray bottle, they fire out of a spray bottle, they fire messages hundreds of times a messages hundreds of times a second.second.

Presence of too many or too little Presence of too many or too little neurotransmitters result in neurotransmitters result in disease and psychological disease and psychological disorders.disorders.

Famous Neuro- “T”sFamous Neuro- “T”sAcetylcholine:Acetylcholine: muscle control, muscle control, when low our memories are when low our memories are impaired.impaired.

Dopamine:Dopamine: motor behavior, motor behavior, when low often diagnosed when low often diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease, with Parkinson’s Disease, when high often schizophrenicwhen high often schizophrenic

Famous Neuro- “T”sFamous Neuro- “T”s

Serotonin:Serotonin: emotional emotional arousal and sleep, when arousal and sleep, when unequal level may result unequal level may result in OCD, Depression.in OCD, Depression.

Noradrenalin:Noradrenalin: prepares prepares body for actionbody for action

FAST FACTS:FAST FACTS:

DendritesDendrites always always receive receive messagesmessages

Axon Axon always always carries carries messages awaymessages away

How fast are neurons?How fast are neurons?(experiment)(experiment)

NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM

CNS PNS

Autonomic System

Somatic System

Para-sympathetic System Sympathetic

System

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemSpinal CordSpinal Cord extends from extends from the brain down the backthe brain down the back

A A column of nervescolumn of nerves as as thick as your thumb and is thick as your thumb and is protected by bones in your protected by bones in your spine.spine.

Transmits messages Transmits messages between the brain, between the brain, muscles and glands.muscles and glands.

Spinal reflexes- Spinal reflexes- automatic responseautomatic response

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous SystemLies outside the CNS Lies outside the CNS and is and is responsible for responsible for transmitting messages transmitting messages between the CNS and between the CNS and body parts.body parts.

2 parts2 parts

Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System

Activated by touch, pain, Activated by touch, pain, temperature changes, body temperature changes, body position changes (enables position changes (enables us to maintain posture and us to maintain posture and balance).balance).

Transmits Transmits sensorysensory messagesmessages

Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous SystemAutomatically or Automatically or “occurring involuntarily” “occurring involuntarily”

Regulates body’s vital Regulates body’s vital functions:functions:–Heartbeat, Breathing, Heartbeat, Breathing, Digestion, Blood PressureDigestion, Blood Pressure

Psychologists are Psychologists are interested in ANS b/c interested in ANS b/c of its involvement in of its involvement in emotionemotion

2 parts2 parts

Autonomic Autonomic SystemSystem

Parasympathetic Parasympathetic SystemSystem

Sympathetic Sympathetic SystemSystem

Sympathetic SystemSympathetic SystemPrepares the body for Prepares the body for actionaction

““Fight-or-Flight”Fight-or-Flight”Suppresses digestion, Suppresses digestion, increases heart rate, increases heart rate, elevates blood pressureelevates blood pressure

Fight or FlightFight or Flight

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6UknGo_KPUv=X6UknGo_KPU

Parasympathetic SystemParasympathetic System

Calms the body after Calms the body after emergenciesemergencies

Normalizes heart rate Normalizes heart rate and blood pressure, and blood pressure, breathingbreathing

PEACEPEACE

Hind and midbrainHind and midbrain

forebrainforebrain

Limbic systemLimbic system