biology and you chapter 1 pages 1 - 21 nature of science chapter 1 sections 1.1- 1.4 written...
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Nature of Science
Chapter 1 Sections 1.1- 1.4Written HomeworkWritten Homework: Do Check & Challenge on Page 4
What is Science?
Science tries to understand the natural world by explaining how and why things are as they are.
Scientific Method
Scientific MethodScientific Method - the organized approach used by scientists to solve problems and acquire information.
Observation
thorough search for information
examine others work in the area of interest
collect data from experimentslook for patterns
Hypothesis
identify patternform possible explanation
for observationseducated guess to explainable to predict new patternsIf ………then……
Experiment
tests hypothesisat least two groups: Experimental GroupExperimental Group
Control GroupControl Group
Experimental Group
has the independentindependent variablevariable which will causes an observable difference (effect) in the dependent variabledependent variable
If If independent variable then dependent variable
Control Group
identical to the experimental group except:it does not contain the
independent variableis used for comparisoncomparison to
verify the affect of the variable
Conclusion
if experiment verifies hypothesis
report results
publish report so others can
repeat experiment to verify work
Conclusion
if experiment does not verify the
hypothesis:
reformulate hypothesis
or
redesign experiment
Theory
explanation for many different observations
explanation supported by repeated experimental evidence
Evolution
Slow change with timeGeological Evolution – slow
change of Earth over timeOrganic Evolution – change of
life over time
Theory of Evolution
Fossil organisms were different from living organisms
Organisms of past gave rise to current organisms
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck
French biologistProposed first hypothesis of how
evolution workedTWO (2) Laws:
Law of Use and DisuseLaw of the Inheritance of Acquired
Traits
Law of Use and Disuse
Change in environment forms barrier to survival
organism needs to change to survive
Use body part to over come barrier; part becomes bigger
Doesn’t use body part to over come barrier; part becomes smaller.
Law of Inheritance of Acquired Traits
Acquired Traits – the changes achieved during lifetime from use and disuse can be passed on to offspring
Validity?
Use and Disuse seems truePractice makes perfect
Inheritance of Acquired Traits not trueWeismann experiment with miceDoberman dogs in textbook
Charles Lyell
Geologist Forces today same as those in
pastTime forces working cause
changes on earth’s surfacesInfluences Charles Darwin
Theory of Natural Selection
Overproduction – more produced than survive
Competition – struggle for limited resource
Variations – individual differencesAdaptations – differences that favor
successNature “chooses” variations that
become adaptations – “natural selection”
Scientific Perspective
Observation & ExperimentsRepeatable & VerifiableRefutableNatural world can be
investigated and explained