CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

Nutrient Manageme

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Nutrient Management:

Nutrient management is a system used by farmers to manage the amount, form, placement, and timing of the application of nutrients (whether as manure, commercial fertilizer, or other form of nutrients) to plants. The purpose is to supply plant nutrients for optimum forage and crop yields, to minimize nonpoint source pollution (runoff of pollutants to surface water) and contamination of groundwater, and to maintain and/or improve the condition of soil.

Nutrient management is the practice of using nutrients wisely for optimum economic benefit, while minimizing impact on the environment.

Nutrient management is managing crop fertility inputs and other production practices for efficient crop growth and water quality protection. Nutrient management plans for site-specific situations minimize undesired environmental effects while optimizing farm profits and production.

On The Basis Of Text-Book

Just as we humans need nutrients for the development of body , for growth , for well-being , plants also need nutrients for the same reasons. Nutrients are supplied to plants by air , water and soil . There are total 16 nutrients that are needed by the plants.

Oxygen and carbon comes from air , hydrogen comes from water and other 13 nutrients are provided by soil.

Plants require both macro and micro nutrients.

Macro nutrients in plants are present in smaller amount(6) and micro nutrients in larger amounts (7).

Nutrients supplied by air,water and soilSOU

RCE:NUTRIENTS:

Air :Water :Soil :

Carbon and Oxygen.Hydrogen and Oxygen.i)Macro-nutrients:Nitrogen, Phosphorus,

Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur.

ii)Micro-nutrients:Iron, Manganese, Boron,

Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum and Chlorine.

Fertilizer

What is Fertilizers???Fertilizer  is any

organicor inorganic

material ofnatural or synthetic

origic

that is added to soil to

supply one or more plant

nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

Uses Of Fertilizers NUTRIENTS Both natural and man-made fertilisers are

measured by the three major nutrients that are in them. These are:

Nitrogen  - assists plant in leaf and stem growth.Phosphorus - assists young plants and root crops

to develop good.Potassium - assists plants to produce flowers and

fruit. They give rise to a healthy plant, ensures good

vegtative growth. Fertilizers are a factor in the higher yeild of high

cost farming.

Harms By Fertilizer Continuous and execess use of

fertilizers ,destroys soil fertility.

The use of chemical fertilizers can have adverse effects on waterways caused by chemical run off of the excess fertilizer. The result is oxygen depletion causing the fish to die.

Excess nitrogen used in crop fertilization can contribute to the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere.

continuous use of chemical fertilizers on soil depletes the soil of essential nutrients. As a result, the food produced in these soils have less vitamin and mineral content.

Proper way of spreading fertilizer Fertilizers should be applied carefully in

terms of proper time, dose, etc. Test the soil regularly and find the

nutrients needed. Fertlisers should be spread after rainfall so

to prevent washing away of nutrients. Use mulch lawn mower. This means that

the mower recycles cut grass blades and leaves back into the soil; no valuable compost is gone to waste!

MANURE

WHAT IS MANURE ??? Manure is organic matter used

as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Manures contribute to the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are trapped by bacteria in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web . It is also a product obtained after decomposition of organic matter like cow-dung which replenishes the soil with essential elements and add humus to the soil.

USES OF MANURE Animal dung has been used for

centuries as a fertilizer for farming, as it improves the soil structure (aggregation), so that it holds more nutrients and water, and becomes more fertile. Animal manure also encourages soil microbial activity, which promotes the soil's trace mineral supply, improving plant nutrition. It also contains some nitrogen and other nutrients that assist the growth of plants.

COMPOST & VERMI COMPOST

Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. At the simplest level, the process of composting simply requires making a heap of wetted organic matter (leaves, "green" food waste) and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or months.

Vermi compost is the product or process of composting using various worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast, also called worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by an earthworm .

GREEN MANURE In agriculture, a green manure is a type

of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the  soil. Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period of time, and then ploughed under and incorporated into the soil while green or shortly after flowering. Green manure crops are commonly associated with  organic agriculture, and are considered essential for annual cropping systems that wish to be sustainable. Traditionally, the practice of green manuring can be traced back to the  fallow cycle of crop rotation, which was used to allow soils to recover.

QUIZ

The seven nutrient used by plants in

small quantity is

called_______.

The seven nutrient used by plants in small

quantity is called micronutrients .

Nutrient not supplied by

soil in plant is.a)hydrogen b)potassium c)calcium

d)nitrogen

Nutrient not supplied by

soil in plant is.a)hydrogen b)potassium c)calcium

d)nitrogen

Fertilizers should be

applied carefully in terms of _____

,_____ ,and observing pre-

and post-application

precautions for their complete

utilization.

Fertilizers should be applied carefully in

terms of proper dose, time , and observing

pre-and post-application

precautions for their complete utilization

Compost is also prepared by using

earthworms to hasten the process

of decomposition of plant and animal

refuse. This is called _____ .

a)composting b) ammomnolysis

c)reduction d) vermi -compost

Compost is also prepared by using

earthworms to hasten the process

of decomposition of plant and animal

refuse. This is called _____ .

a)composting b) ammomnolysis

c)reduction d) vermi -compost

fertilizers supplies _______ ,_______ and nitrogen to plant.

a)nitrogen, zinc b)zinc, potassium

c)phosphorus, chlorine d)phosphorus,

potassium

fertilizers supplies _______ ,_______ and nitrogen to plant.

a)nitrogen, zinc b)zinc, potassium

c)phosphorus, chlorine d)phosphorus,

potassium

THANK

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ROLL NO. 13 -18