biology 363 vascular plants fall 2020 dr. menapace**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle--...

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ATTENTION STUDENTS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE

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Page 1: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

ATTENTION STUDENTS

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

BIOLOGY 363

VASCULAR PLANTS

FALL 2020

DR. MENAPACE

Page 2: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- 2 MICROSPORANGIA/SPOROPHYLL

---MEGASTROBILUS---

-- OVULIFEROUS SCALES = OVULE BEARING BRANCHES

-- BRACT = MODIFIED LF

-- 2 OVULES/SCALE

---STROBILI POSITION---

-- MEGASTROBILI ARISE UPPER BRANCHES

-- MICROSTROBILI “ LOWER “

!!!ENSURES CROSS POLLINATION!!!

!!!ENSURES GENETIC DIVERSITY!!!

**POLLINATION**

-- ANEMOPHILOUS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

Page 3: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- 2 MICROSPORANGIA/SPOROPHYLL

---MEGASTROBILUS---

-- OVULIFEROUS SCALES = OVULE BEARING BRANCHES

-- BRACT = MODIFIED LF

-- 2 OVULES/SCALE

---STROBILI POSITION---

-- MEGASTROBILI ARISE UPPER BRANCHES

-- MICROSTROBILI “ LOWER “

!!!ENSURES CROSS POLLINATION!!!

!!!ENSURES GENETIC DIVERSITY!!!

**POLLINATION**

-- ANEMOPHILOUS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

Page 4: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 5: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 6: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 7: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 8: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 9: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 10: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 11: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 12: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 13: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

Page 14: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

##################################################################

!!!VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION!!!

##################################################################

~130 MYA

ANGIOSPERMS EVOLVE

-- P. = PLT W/ CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS

EG Aglaophyton

-- Parka --> Aglaophyton --> EMBRYOPHYTE

~420 MYA

EMBRYOPHYTES EVOLVE

Page 15: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

##################################################################

!!!VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION!!!

##################################################################

~130 MYA

ANGIOSPERMS EVOLVE

-- P. = PLT W/ CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS

EG Aglaophyton

-- Parka --> Aglaophyton --> EMBRYOPHYTE

~420 MYA

EMBRYOPHYTES EVOLVE

Page 16: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

##################################################################

!!!VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION!!!

##################################################################

~130 MYA

ANGIOSPERMS EVOLVE

-- P. = PLT W/ CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS

EG Aglaophyton

-- Parka --> Aglaophyton --> EMBRYOPHYTE

~420 MYA

EMBRYOPHYTES EVOLVE

Page 17: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 18: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 19: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 20: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 21: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 22: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 23: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 24: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 25: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 26: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

Page 27: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 28: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 29: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 30: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 31: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 32: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 33: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 34: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 35: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 36: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 37: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 38: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 39: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

Page 40: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 41: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 42: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 43: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 44: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 45: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 46: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 47: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

Page 48: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 49: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 50: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 51: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 52: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 53: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 54: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 55: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

Page 56: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 57: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 58: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 59: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 60: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 61: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 62: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 63: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 64: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 65: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 66: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 67: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

Page 68: BIOLOGY 363 VASCULAR PLANTS FALL 2020 DR. MENAPACE**seed**---anatomy----- integument-- micropyle-- pollen chamber-- megasporangium-- megagametophyte-- megaspore wall-- archegonium--

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**