biological orientation linda pye, head of technical services (x7021) [email protected] ...
TRANSCRIPT
Biological Orientation
Linda Pye, Head of Technical Services (x7021)[email protected]
http://faculty.swosu.edu/linda.pye/Biological Orientation Spring 2010.htm
Information Literacy
Information Literacy
It is a set of abilities requiring individuals to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.
Information Literacy
Information literacy is common to all disciplines, to all learning environments, and to all levels of education.
Science, engineering and technology are rapidly changing and it is vital to the practicing scientist and engineer that they know how to keep up with new developments and new sources of experimental/research data.
Information Literacy
“The level of trust that has characterized science and its relationship with society has contributed to a period of unparalleled scientific productivity. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct. It is therefore incumbent on all scientists and scientific institutions to create and nurture a research environment that promotes high ethical standards, contributes to ongoing professional development, and preserves public confidence in the scientific enterprise.” –National Academy of Sciences
Information Literacy
Scientific Research Cycle
Scientific Research Cycle: An Overview
Research & Development Initial Reporting of Results Author’s Finished Report Peer-Reviewed Publication of
Research Article Studies of Previous Work News Reports
Scientific Research Cycle: Research & Development
Academia Industry Government
Experimentation Fieldwork Literature Review Library & Web
Research
Informal Communications: Email Instant Messaging Discussion Lists Blogs Social Networking Conversations
Scientific Research Cycle: Initial Reporting of Results
Patents (or patent applications) Conference Papers/Presentations
If funding runs out or the work appears to be a “dead end,” this may be the only report ever generated.
Scientific Research Cycle: Author’s Finished Report
Preprints Often posted to a preprint
server; author establishes priority and solicits comment prior to formal review
Technical Reports Reports of research
performed by gov’t agencies, private industry, or academic departments
Dissertations/Theses A student’s final report of
research performed for a graduate degree
Scientific Research Cycle: Peer-Reviewed Publication
Completed paper is submitted to a journal; the editor(s) send the paper to another researcher in the same field of work for comment and verification of the quality of work; the paper may be returned to the author for corrections, elaboration, etc. before final acceptance.
Letters Journals Also known as “rapid
communications” journals, publish shorter articles and offer authors faster publication than other research journals
Scientific Research Cycle: Studies of Previous Work
Review Articles An expert in a field reports on the “state of the
art” of the area of research. May appear in a Review Journal (“Annual Reviews in…; Reviews of…”) or in a research journal.
Monographs (books) Encyclopedias Handbooks Textbooks
Scientific Research Cycle: News Reports
May occur at any point in the research process Newspapers Magazines
News and features, usually for a general or interested-amateur audience
Trade Journals News and features
for professionals in a a particular field
Television
Timeframe for Info
Books Articles Newspapers Web Pages
Once Quarterly – Weekly Daily – Multiple Ed. Hourly – Anytime
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Internet
Databases
Periodicals
Newspapers
Books
Years Old
Differences Between Informational Resources
Expectations of Students
Information Literacy in Science and Engineering Undergraduate Education (1999), pp. 16-17.
Primary vs. Secondary Sources
Peer-Reviewed Research Articles Information is
produced by the researcher
Conference Papers
“original content”
Review Articles Information
summarized by someone other than the researcher
Handbooks, Encyclopedias, etc.
“study of the original”
Books and E-Books
You can’t judge a book by its cover
E-Books
Just because its in a different format doesn’t disqualify it as a book
resource
Periodicals
MAGAZINES Popular Info Audience:
General Public Amateur Interest
Purpose: Hobby Pleasure Curiosity
JOURNALS Scholarly Info Audience:
Researcher Professional Who
Needs to Stay Up-to-Date
Purpose: Goal-Driven
Research Paper Certification, Tenure Job Requirement
Difference Between Scholarly and Popular Literature
Popular Magazines Scholarly Journals
Overall appearance
Glossy paper, advertisements, heavily illustrated, attractive in appearance
Sober and serious, may contain graphs or charts, no glossy paper, specialized advertisements
Audience General Public Scholars, professionals and students
Authors Reporters Scholars in the field
Documentation Sources sometimes cited for news articles, but rarely
Cite sources in footnotes or bibliography
Purpose Provide general information or summarize research
Report on original research or experimentation
Article Acceptance Procedure
Articles written by hired reporters, edited by magazine editors, and published
Often undergo a "peer-reviewed" process -- reviewed by other scholars in the field before being published. Sometimes these journals are called "refereed journals"
Peer Reviewed or Refereed
Scholarly sources are concerned with academic study, especially research for individuals such as, students, teachers, professors, or any other professional who need current information to stay informed of changes to their profession or area of expertise. Many scholarly journals are peer reviewed or refereed, that is, these articles have been subjected to a rigorous approval and editing process by other scholars in that discipline. This process doesn’t apply to popular magazines.
Science Peer Review in a Nut Shell
Examples of Peer-Review
Journal of Economic EntomologyBiological ReviewsJournal of Parasitology
Biology Databases
http://faculty.swosu.edu/linda.pye/Biological Orientation.htm
Types of Searching: Keyword vs. Subject
Keyword Flexible Less accurate Affected by
Boolean Operators, Truncation Symbols and punctuation
Subject Rigid Very Precise Predetermined
vocabulary established by the Library of Congress, National Library of Medicine, and other groups
Indexing vs. Full-text
Indexing
Indicates the only information available about the article is the citation. Additional searching will be necessary using the Periodicals List.
Full-text
Indicates the entire article can be found within the database, no physical searching is necessary
Standard formats are: HTML & PDF
World Wide Web: Pros & Cons
Strengths: Web vs. Library
Web Current events and
news Statistics and Other
Information by Gov.’t Full-text Resources
(expired copyright) Pop Culture
TV Movies Music
Opinion Information about
Organizations & Groups
Library Research Based
Books & Articles Works Cited/
Bibliographies Full-text Resources Authoritative & Peer-
reviewed Materials Information about
People & Cultures Easier to Search
Library Catalog Databases
Why Can’t I Get this Info on the Web?
Humanities American History $29.95 / yr Journal of Teacher Education $30 / yr College English $75 / yr
Nursing & Allied Health Applied Nursing Research $224 / yr Nursing Science Quarterly $280 / yr Journal of Community Health Nursing $475 / yr
Sciences Journal of the Optical Society of America $1,760 / yr Journal of the American Chemical Society $3,589 / yr Journal of Physics $7,115 / yr
This doesn’t include pricing for electronic access or database subscriptions.
Surface Web
Ever wonder what you might be missing?
Google2.7 billion searches per month
Indexes 16% of the SWIndexes 0.03% of the WWW
Deep Web
NO SEARCH ENGINES ALLOWED
54% of DWis databases
DW is 500 timeslarger than SW
And a 1,000 times
higher in quality too
Diving into the Deep Web
There’s nothing wrong with Google.But have you tried one of these?
Entrez (Life Sciences Search Engine)SCIRUS (Science-Specific Web Portal)
Infomine (Scholarly Internet Resource Collections)BioMetaCluster (Life Sciences Metasearch Engine)
INTUTE (Educational Research Portal)NSDL (National Science Digital Library)
Echo (History of Science Directory)eNature Field Guides
DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals
What the Net is Generating
RSS Feeds (Annual Reviews) Blogs (Biology-Blog)
Top 100 Liberal Arts Professor Blogs Wikis Social Networking
Jove (Wired article) Lab Action (YouTube for Scientists) ScientificCommons (New Science Consortia) PeerClip (bookmarking for physicians) Public Library of Science (open access literature) SciLink (online network of scientists & authors) SciVee (sync tools & resources to connect science
publications to online video)
Evaluation
Evaluating Print vs. Electronic
Publication ProcessAuthorship & AffiliationsSources & Quotations
Bias & Special InterestsAuthor Qualifications
Publication Information
Remember to Evaluate!
Authority Who created it? Who is responsible? What credentials do they hold? What makes them
qualified to discuss the topic? Accuracy
Can the information be verified? Check the facts!
Objectivity How is the information being presented? Is it objective or biased? What’s the point of view?
Currency (important based on subject) When was it published? When was it last updated?
End of Session
Thank Youfor listening!