biological molecules carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids

Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

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Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

• Subunit = simple sugars

• Main function = short term energy storage

• Three Types– Monosaccharides

– Disaccharides

– Polysaccharides

Page 3: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Monosaccharides

• Single Sugars (simple sugar)

• Three Types

– Glucose

– Fructose

– Galactose

C6H12O6

Page 4: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Disaccharides• Two Sugars

• Three Types– Sucrose = glucose + fructose

– Maltose = glucose + glucose

– Lactose = glucose + galactose

Page 5: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Polysaccharides•Many sugars – many molecules of glucose linked together

Page 6: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Polysaccharides

• Three types:1. Cellulose – found in plant cells

Not digestible by humans

2. Starch – found in fruit, seeds, and tubers of plants Examples: Potatoes, corn, rice and

wheat Digestible by humans

3. Glycogen – found in animal muscle cells Digestible by humans

Proteins

• Many Functions• Repair

• Growth & development

• Fingernails & hair

Enzymes

•Subunit = Amino Acids

Page 8: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Lipids (fats)•Subunits = glycerol and fatty acids

1) Triglycerides = glycerol + 3 fatty acidsMost common type of lipidLong term energy storage

Nucleic Acids

• Subunit = Nucleotides

• Function = carry genetic information

• Examples = DNA & RNA

Nucleotide

Page 10: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Notes Review

1. Glucose + Galactose = ______________2. What type of carbohydrate is this?

3. This type of polysaccharide is found in plants and is digestible by humans.

Lactose

Monosaccharide

Starch

Page 11: Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Notes Review4. What is the function of a lipid?

Long term energy storage

5. What are the subunits of a protein?Amino Acids

6. What are two examples of nucleic acids?

DNA & RNA

7. Draw a diagram of a lipid.

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