biological mediation of invasive plant impacts in ecosystems
DESCRIPTION
Biological mediation of invasive plant impacts in ecosystems. Duane A. Peltzer Landcare Research Lincoln, New Zealand. What is covered in this talk?. NZ weeds and ecosystem processes What are weed impacts? Field removal experiments. NZ Background. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Biological mediation of invasive plant impacts in ecosystems
Duane A. PeltzerLandcare Research
Lincoln, New Zealand
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1.NZ weeds and ecosystem processes
2.What are weed impacts?
3.Field removal experiments
What is covered in this talk?
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NZ Background
• > half of NZ’s flora is naturalised non-native plants; many are weeds
• Weeds are widely thought to reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem processes
• >340 weed species are currently managed
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IMPACT = DISTRIBUTION x ABUNDANCE x
EFFECT
Predicting weed impact
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Least well understood, include:• Gene-flow• Biogeochemical changes (C, N, P)• Disturbance regime• Ecosystem engineers• Interaction modification
Weed effects
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Understanding what controls the ecosystem-level impacts of exotic species as a basis for management
Invasion Ecology
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root feeding fauna
mycorrhiza
pathogens
direct pathway to plants indirect pathway to plants
detritus foodweb
a
c1c2
b1b2
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After Cote et al. 2005 ARES
Modest effects
Reversible threshold effects
Non-reversible threshold(different stable states)
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Kowhai River, Kaikoura, NZ
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Dominant exotic
Buddleja davidiiCoriaria arborea
Dominant native
~97% of total plant biomass
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~15 species<0.1% of biomass
~25 species~3% of biomass
Other exotics Other natives
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Peltzer et al. 2009 Oikos 118: 1001
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+C+B+N +C+B-N +C-B+N -C+B+N -C+B-N -C-B+N
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+C+B+N +C+B-N +C-B+N -C+B+N -C+B-N -C-B+N
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Dickie et al. 2010 New Phytologist
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Nematode community shifts
Dehlin et al. 2008
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Preferred Not selected Avoided
Forsyth et al. 2002, Richardson et al. unpublished
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Kurokawa, Peltzer, Wardle 2010 Functional Ecology
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Kurokawa, Peltzer, Wardle 2010 Functional Ecology
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PossumsRats
Vegetation/fruit
Inverts?
Birds
Control
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Key points
• Small species matter!
• Weeds have biological legacies + change ecosystem processes (effects)
• Containment or early control is best
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Peltzer et al. 2010 GCB 16:732.
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