biological effects of environmental electromagnetic energy
DESCRIPTION
Biological Effects of Environmental Electromagnetic Energy. Andrew A. Marino, Ph.D. SOME USES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM. RECOGNIZED BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY. Cooking of Tissue. Shock or Electrocution. Broadcast Frequencies. Power Frequency. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Biological Effects of Biological Effects of Environmental Electromagnetic Environmental Electromagnetic
EnergyEnergy
Andrew A. Marino, Ph.D.Andrew A. Marino, Ph.D.
SOME USES OF THESOME USES OF THEELECTROMAGNETICELECTROMAGNETICSPECTRUMSPECTRUM
300,000 MHz
Microwave relay
30,000 MHz
SatellitesRadarAir navigation
3,000 MHz
UHF TVMicrowave ovensPolice radio
300 MHz
FM radioVHF TVMilitary satellites
30 MHz
ShortwaveHam radioCB
3 MHz
Marine radioAM radio
.3 MHz
Marine navigation
.03 MHz
Navy communications
.003 MHz
Electric power
Cooking of TissueCooking of Tissue Shock or ElectrocutionShock or Electrocution
RECOGNIZEDRECOGNIZEDBIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALEFFECTS OFEFFECTS OFELECTROMAGNETICELECTROMAGNETICENERGYENERGY
Precautions To Prevent Burning & ShockPrecautions To Prevent Burning & Shock
Power Frequency
<10,000 microwatts
Broadcast Frequencies
U.S.-U.S.S.R. Split on the Safety U.S.-U.S.S.R. Split on the Safety Level for Electromagnetic BioeffectsLevel for Electromagnetic Bioeffects
ONLYONLYThermal BioeffectsThermal Bioeffects
ALSOALSONonthermal BioeffectsNonthermal Bioeffects
Broadcast Radiation at Mt. WilsonBroadcast Radiation at Mt. Wilson
CITY LOCATION MICROWATTS
New York 102nd floor, Empire State Building 32.5
Miami 38th floor, One Biscayne Tower 98.6
Chicago 50th floor, Sears Bldg. 65.9
Houston 47th floor, 1100 Milam Bldg. 67.4
Broadcast Radiation in Typical Tall BuildingsBroadcast Radiation in Typical Tall Buildings
Radar Levels Aboard the USS SaratogaRadar Levels Aboard the USS Saratoga
Radiation LevelsRadiation Levels(in microwatts) Near(in microwatts) NearRutherford, New JerseyRutherford, New Jersey
American Embassy in MoscowAmerican Embassy in MoscowIrradiated at 2-18 MicrowattsIrradiated at 2-18 Microwatts
Source: U.S. State Dept. 1975Source: U.S. State Dept. 1975
APPLIANCEELECTRIC FIELD
(volts/meter)
Electric Blanket 250
Broiler 130
Phonograph 90
Refrigerator 60
Food Mixer 50
Hairdryer 40
Color TV 30
Vacuum Cleaner 16
Electric Range 4
Light Bulb 2
Power Frequency Electric FieldPower Frequency Electric FieldOf Household AppliancesOf Household Appliances
Source: U.S. Navy 1972Source: U.S. Navy 1972
10-25 gaussSoldering GunHairdryer
5-10 gaussCan OpenerElectric Shaver
1-5 gaussFood MixerTV
0.1-1.0 gaussClothes DryerVacuum Cleaner
0.01-0.1 gaussLampElectric Iron
Power Frequency Magnetic FieldPower Frequency Magnetic FieldOf Household AppliancesOf Household Appliances
Source: U.S. Navy 1972Source: U.S. Navy 1972
BART SystemBART SystemCauses MagneticCauses MagneticFields 1000 Times Fields 1000 Times Greater than theGreater than theNatural Background Natural Background FieldsFields
Environmental Levels of Electromagnetic RadiationEnvironmental Levels of Electromagnetic RadiationIn Relation to Observed Biological EffectsIn Relation to Observed Biological Effects
Power Frequency Fields of a 765 kV Line inPower Frequency Fields of a 765 kV Line inRelation to Observed Biological EffectsRelation to Observed Biological Effects
Biological StressBiological Stress
Total U.S. Funding for ElectromagneticTotal U.S. Funding for ElectromagneticRadiation Bioeffects StudiesRadiation Bioeffects Studies
US Electromagnetic-RadiationUS Electromagnetic-RadiationBioeffects Program for 1978Bioeffects Program for 1978
TOTAL: $10,100,000TOTAL: $10,100,000
Source: U.S. Commerce Dept. 1979Source: U.S. Commerce Dept. 1979
• Artificial radiation in the environment10-6 - 104 microwatts
• About 100 studies — mostly Soviet —have shown bioeffects at more than1 microwatt
• Essentially no American studiesbelow 10,000 microwatts
• Stress
• Little funding by “public welfare”agencies
Summary: Biological Effects ofSummary: Biological Effects ofBroadcast-Frequency RadiationBroadcast-Frequency Radiation
• Artificial power-frequency electric &magnetic fields in the environment10-4 - 106 volts/meter
• About 80 studies have shownbiological effects
• Stress
• Little funding by “public welfare”agencies
Summary: Biological Effects of Power-FrequencySummary: Biological Effects of Power-FrequencyElectric and Magnetic FieldsElectric and Magnetic Fields
Health Risk at Both Power andHealth Risk at Both Power andBroadcast FrequenciesBroadcast FrequenciesBased on Laboratory StudiesBased on Laboratory Studies
Synergistic Effects UnknownSynergistic Effects Unknown
Small Research EffortSmall Research Effort