biological den. 2
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Nitrate Removal
in Aquariumsby Biological Denitrification
KME 495 Bacteria,Biofilm and Biological Denitrification
0506 8044 - Merve Ayvaz
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NITRATE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
There are a number of treatment technologies available for
the reduction of nitrates in water. These include thefollowing:
1. Ion Exchange using strong base anion resins
regenerated with NaCl
2. Biological Denitrification
3. Electrodialysis or Electrodialysis Reversal
4. Reverse Osmosis
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USING AREAS OF
BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION
Ground water treatment
City service water treatment
Industrial water treatment
Seawater, aquarium, pond water treatment
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BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION
Biological denitrification is reduction of nitrate
ions by facultative anaerobe bacteria in suboxic
conditions.
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BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION
Heterotrophic bacteria needs organic carbon source.Autotrophic bacteria needs inorganic carbon source.
Autotrophic bacteria can live with higher water flowrates rather than heterotrophic bacteria.
Performance of a denitrification column depends onthe kind of the bacteria. Heterotrophic or autotrophic.
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Denitrification in Aquaria
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Main part of the biologicaldenitrification system is
biofilters.
Hearth of the biofilter is
packing material
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BIOFILTER
Biological filters serves the same purpose as mechnical
filters in that they are designed to remove unwanted
material from the water.
Biological filters, however, use bacteria and
micro-organisms to achieve this goal.
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BIOFILTER
Live rocks are excellent bio-filters because they have
thousands of holes scattered throughout the entire
structure which are perfect for the bacteria to live.
These give a huge area for micro-organisms to live and a
living conditions suitable for anaerobic bacteria needed in
the denitrification process.
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BIOFILTER
Biofilters are used as
fluidized bed
fixed bed
and some other methods
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FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILTER
The water is pumped up from the
bottom of the filter, through the
media, and then flows back into the
tank from the top of the filter.
Because of the speed at which water
is passed through the filter media, it
becomes 'fluidized' - the sand is
constantly being pushed up by the
current and then falling back throughthe water in response to gravity.
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FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILTER
Bacteria attach themselves to
the sand media in the filter
chamber.
As water is pumped throughthe filter, the sand grains and
their bacteria are constantly
bathed in a fresh supply of
organic carbon and nitrate,
creating extremely efficientbiological filtration.
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FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILTER
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FIXED BED BIOFILTERS
Sulphur NO3 Filter
1.Nitrate concentration in the tank
should be more than 25 mg/L.
2. At high nitrate concentrations flow
rate of water can be up to 15 L/h.
p
9.62H5.4(biomass)OH0.92C
11SOO2.5H1.71 H0.5CO4.1HCOO1011S
2275
-2
4242
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3
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3
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SULPHUR NITRATE NO3 FILTER
The water leaving the NO3 filter has a very low pH,approximately 6 to 6.5 or lower in fresh water.
This water can be dripped over coral sand to raise the pH
before entering the aquarium.
Coral sand is sand of particles originating in tropical and
subtropical marine environments from bioerosion of
limestone skeletal material of marine organisms.
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MEDIA FOR FIXED BEDS
Ceramic Ball Quartz Glass
Volcanic Rock
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Kaldnes Moving Bed Process
Kaldnes Moving Bed process, As the Kaldnes media
chaotically circulates within the bio tank, it causes old dead
bacteria/bio film on the outside, to be removed making
space for new younger heavier feeding bacteria/bio films to
colonize.
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Kaldnes Moving Bed process
The biofilm carrier elements made from polyethylene witha density slightly below that of water
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Kaldnes Moving Bed process
Allowing a small amount of water flow
Provides maximum surface area for the bacteria to colonize
and produce bio film
Within the wheel, is a protected surface, which enables
colonies of bacteria to naturally follow their life cycle,
maturing and dying, in turn fuelling the latter stages of the
denitrification conversion process.
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JBL Bio Nitratex
JBLBioNitratEX consists of small beads containing
nutrients for bacteria and so encourages the
settlement of denitrifying bacteria which are
present in large numbers in any aquarium.
The net bag around the material restricts the water
flow and so ensures the correct flow velocity inside
the bag. This produces an environment low in
oxygen which allows the colonisation of nitrate
removing bacteria.
Bag should be placed as the last stage in the
aquarium filter. Active for 12 months, 200 L.
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DENITRYFYING BACTERIA
Contains 2.5 X 106 ColonyFormingUnit/mLgel
Immediately establishes biological activity.
Quickly attach to and populate all kinds of
media.
This helps rapidly establish the necessarybiological activity in your filter to stabilize youraquarium's environment quickly.
It helps to restore the activity to your filter
when you clean or change the media and
when you replace your filter cartridge.
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Melbourne Aquarium Victoria, Australia
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Denitrification Unit in Melbourne
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Thank you for your attention
Merve Ayvaz