biologi kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013
TRANSCRIPT
-
NUM
1(a)
Kb) (i)
1(b) (ii)
1(c)
Kd)
Marking Scheme
Paper 2 (Section A)
SCORING CRITERIA
Able to match correctly,Answer:
1 B
2A
3-D
4C
Able to name system and two organsAnswer:
System: reproductive systemOrgan : testis/penis
Able to explain the adaptationSuggested answer:Fl: numerous of mitochondriaEl :provide energy to move the tailF2: have a long tailE2: easy to swim reach an ovum
Able to explain without mitochondriaSuggestedanswer:F: sperm cannot get energyEl: cannot swim to reach ovumE2:fertilisation cannot occur
Any F and E
Able to explainnecessity of cell specialisationSuggested answer:El: multicellular organisms are consist of many cells butunicellular made up the body one cell onlyE2multicellularneed specialised cells to carry out differentfunctions to body but unicellular can do any life function its ownone cellE3: thecellof multicellular very far from environment and itshardfor diffusion, but unicellur cell nearest to environment anddiffusion very easy/fast.
MARKS
All
/
3/
2/
Fl/El/
Or
F2/
E2/
F
and
any
El/E2
3m
2m
lm
2m
2m
lm
lm
3m
TOTAL 12 marks
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
NO.
2.(a)(i)
2.(a)(ii)
2(b)(1)
2(b)(ii)
MARKING CRITERIA
Able to name P, O and RSample answer:P : Lactose
Q: LactaseR: Lactase-Lactose-complex
Able to drawthe diagram in the spaces S andT provided inDiagram 2.1 to complete the mechanism of theenzymereaction.
Sample answer:
Able to explain one characteristic ofthe enzyme based ondiagram 2.1Sample answer:PI : Enzyme ishighly specific, can only catalyse one kind of
substrate // Enzyme has specific sitecalled active site tobind to specific substrate (Actspecifically)
P2 : Enzyme is not destroyed by the reactions they catalyse //Can be reused // Remain unchanged at the end of thereaction
Able describe the enzyme action based on this hypothesisSample answer:PI : The substratemolecule represents the 'key ' and the
enzyme molecule represents the Tock'P2 : The substrate molecule binds to the active siteP3 : to form an enzyme-substrate complexP4 : The enzyme catalyses the substrate to form products, (then
the product leaves the active site)P5 : The enzyme molecule isnow free to bind to more substrate
molecules(Any 3)
MARKS
Note:
3 V1-2 V
1+1
2m
lm
2m
2m
jm
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
2(c) Able to explain the enzymes action at O.Sample answer:P1: AtQ, the enzyme reaction is at a maximum rate //the rate of
reaction will not increase further (and become constant)P2: At Q, the concentration of substrate is high//access of
substrate molecules.P3: The active site of enzyme molecules are filled/fully
occupied bythesubstrate molecules//The enzyme moleculesis said to be saturated.
P4:The concentration of enzymes become a limiting factor.(Any 3)
TOTAL
3m
12
MARKS
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
NUM
3(a) (i)
3(a) (ii)
3(b)
3(c)
3(d)
3(e)
SCORING CRITERIA
Able to label to name the structureSuggested answer: VillusAble to state how the structure is adapted to its functionSuggested answer:PI: the epithelial lining is only one cell thickP2: epithelial cell have a lining of microscopic projection called
microvillusP3: each villus has a network of blood capillaries
Any 2
Able to state the function ofX and YSuggested answer:X: absorb fatty acid and glycerol/vitamin A,D,E,K
Y: absorbed glucose/amino acids/mineral/vitamin B.CAble to explain the function of liver in assimilationSuggested answer:PI :act as check pointP2: which control the amount of nutrients released into blood
circulatory system
Able to explain the assimilation of nutrient PAnswerF - nutrient P is glucosePI - which is converted into glycogen and stored in the liverP2 - when there is lack of blood glucose level, stored glycogen isconverted back to glucoseP3 - glucose are transported to the cells to produceenergy
Any 2
Able to explain why assimilation of lipids do notoccur in liverSuggested answer:F: Lipids are not transported to the liverPI: Fatty acids an glycerols/lipids are absorbed into lacteal notinto
blood capillariesP2: from lacteal lipids is transported through lymphatic system to
blood circulatory system
P3:excess lipid stored in adipose tissueAny 3
Total
MARKS
1.2
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
NUM
4(a)(i) Sample answer :Lymph
SCORING CRITERIA
4(a)(ii) Sample answer :
X does not haveerythrocyteprotein plasma
- haemoglobin
Any two
4(b) Suggested answer:- fatty acid and glycerol diffuse into lacteal of villi- transport by lymphatic system via lymph nodes- back to blood circulatory system via left and right subclavian vein
(and then transport to body cells)
Any two
4(c)(i) Answer:X: Artificial active immunityY : Artificial passive immunity
4(c)(ii)
4(c)(iii)
Suggested answerX : To increase the production of antibodies as a prevention againstfuture infection.Y : To supply enough antibodies up to the level of immunity andab1e to destroy pathogens quicklySuggested answer
Individual X Individual Y
Long lasting orpermanent
Short lasting ortemporary
Slow response Immediateresponse
4(d) Suggested answerbecause HIV viruses destroy the white blood cells /lymphocytes
MARKS
Total 12
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
Num Scoring CriteriaMarks
Marks Remarks
5(a) Able to name the mechanism involve to regulate bodytemperature
Answer: Negative Feedback Mechanism 1 15(a)(ii) Able to state the way organ X and gland Y response to
regulate body temperature
Answer:Organ X : PhysicalGland Y : Metabolic process
11 2
5(b) Able to explain the roles of the erector muscle, bloodcapillary and sweat gland in maintaining the bodytemperature on a hot day.
Suggested answerFl: erector muscle relaxPI: hair follicle lie down to trap thin airF2: blood capillary expand / diameter increase /vasodilationP2: more heat release through radiationF3: sweat gland active / secrete more sweatP3: evaporation of sweat release heat
6
5(c) Able to explain how gland Y helps to regulate thestudent's body temperature.
Suggested answer:PI: hypothalamus stimulate adrenal gland / gland YP2: adrenal gland / gland Y secrete adrenalineP3: to increase the metabolic rateP4: more heat produceP5: body temperature increase
Max 3
Total 12
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
NUM6(a)
6(b)
6(c)
Section B
SCORING CRITERIAAble tostate the differences between microorganisms P and Q.
N
Dl
D2
D3D4
P is BacteriaClassified into kingdom ofmonera
P is unicellular organisms(which have a basic cellstructure)Composed of DNAExist in the form ofspherical / rod-shaped /spiral
Able to name the diseasefaced by Y.Answer: Tuberculosis / TB
Able to explain howthisdisease infected Y.Sample answers:
QQ is VirusCannot be classified in anyof the kingdomIs not living cell (cannotsurvive/ reproduce on itsown outside the host)Composed of DNA or RNAExist as (chemical) crystals(outside the host cell)
FElE2E3E4
E5
Through droplet transmissionWhen X sneeze / cough / speak / spitthe droplets from the mouth / noseare released and float in the airThese droplets breathed in by YIf droplets contain (TB) bacteria cause Y to fall ill
Able to explain the role ofmicroorganisms R, S, T, U, Vand W inthis cycleSample answers:
R / Nitrogen fixing bacteria / Azotobacteria sp. / Nostoc sp. IClostridium sp IRhizobium sp.convertnitrogen into ammonium compoundS / Nitrifying bacteria / Nitrosomonas sp convert ammoniumcompounds into nitritesT / Nitrifying bacteria / Nitrobacter sp. convert nitrites intonitrates(Nitrate) are absorbed by plants to makeproteinWhen animalseats the plants, the protein is transferred to theanimals
Waste material / faeces / urea / excretory nitrogenous plantsWhen animals / plants dieare decomposed by U / decaying bacteria / saprophyticbacteria / fungiBreak them down to ammonium compound in the soilV / Denitrifying bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen
TOTAL
El
E2E3
E4
E5E6
E7E8E9
E10Ell
8
MARKS
Max4
Max5
Max
10
20 M
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
No
7(a)
7(b)
7(c)
Mark Scheme
Able to explain the movement oftheforelimb in humanSuggested answerFl: forelimb/arm being bentEliwhen the biceps muscle contract the triceps muscle relaxesF2: Forelimb/arm being straightE2: when the triceps muscle contract, the biceps muscle relaxesAble to explain how the structure in the earthworm involve in their movementas shown in the diagram.Suggested answerFl: hydrostatic skeletonEl: fluid in the body cavity helps the earthworm to moveF2: muscle at the body wall are longitudinal and circular muscle / antagonisticmuscleE2: contraction of circular muscles cause segment to extend while thelongitudinal muscles relaxE3: contraction of longitudinal muscles cause segment to shorten while thecircular muscles relaxF3: chaetaeE3:secure the shorted segments in the posterior to the ground while the anteriorsegments extended owing to contractions of thecircular muscles
Maximum 6
Able to state the problems that could befacedbyfishand the bird in supportand locomotionAnswer: Fish - Water resistance
Bird - Air resistance
Able to explain the similarities and differences between thefish and the bird'sonthe structural adaptationfor support system andlocomotion.Suggested answerSI: both fish and bird has antagonistic muscleEl: able the organism move in the habitatS2: both fish and bird has endoskeletonE2: able to give support to organismDl: fish has streamlined shapes/ skin covered with skin but the shape of bird /body covered with fursE3: to overcomes the problem ofwater resistant in fish and airresistant in birdD2: fish has myotome arranged in segments on both side of left and right sideof the body but thebird has pectoralis major and minor at their limbE4: for fish to swim and bird to fly (in their habitat)D3: fish has unstable problem in water while swimming / Yawing / Pitching /Rolling but bird has unstable problem while flying/ lifting forceE5: instability offish isovercome by fin but instability of bird isovercome bythe shape of an aerofoil wings
maximum
SubMark
TOTAL
TotalMark
1020
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
No
8(a)Mark Scheme
Able to explain the differences between the two human activitiesCriteria1. State the types of phenomena2. C: the causes3. E: the effects4. S: ways to overcome
Sample answersFl: (The phenomenon is) acid rain
The causes:CI: Combustion/ Burning of fossil fuels in power stations/
factories/ motor vehiclesC2: release sulphur dioxide/ S02 andoxides of nitrogen/
NO and NO?C3: Form sulphuric acid and nitricacid when combine
with water vapourC4: Fall to Earth as acid rain/ snow/ hail/ fog/ frost/ dew
The effectsAgriculture:El: Leachingof minerals// the soil become acidicAquatic ecosystem:E2: Increase acidity in the aquatic ecosystem//kill
phytoplankton// destroyed photosynthetic tissues//accumulate insoluble aluminium ions in lakes andrivers which kill aquatic organisms
Health:
E3: Acidic soil releases ions of certain heavy metals/contaminate the supply of drinking water// irritate thelungs/ make breathing difficult/ asthma/ bronchitis.
E4: Corrode metal railing/ bridges/damage buildings/statues/ automobiles/ structures made of stone/ metal/historic buildings
The ways to overcome / solutionsSI: Use scrubbers (to clean up emissions from power
stations and industrial plants)S2: Use catalytic converters (to clean up emissions from
vehicle exhausts)
Must have F, C, E and S (at least one point)
10
Any 10
Mark Total
10m
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
8(b) Able to explain the importance of sustainable management of tropicalrainforest.Sample answers
F: (Sustainable development refers to) the measuresundertaken to ensure that human activity optimallyutilize Earth's natural resources such that they can be 1replenished naturally//suitable explanation
Fl: Replanting trees in areas that have been logged// 1reforestation
El: to keep the ecosystems in their natural state (whichprovides aesthetic values for humans) // preservenatural resources for outdoor/ recreational activities// 1
eco-tourism // reduce stress// promote healthy life styleE2: to maintain soil fertility 1E3: to prevent flood/ soil erosion / landslide/ (muddy) flood/ 1
(flash) floodE4: to avoid species extinction// to prevent extinction of 1
flora and fauna/ organisms/ speciesE5 : As an economic resource// source of raw materials for
construction industry / piling / furniture / boats /houses/ production of charcoal / tannin / food / other 1suitable example // provide foods to human //resources for study / education / research
F2: Selective loggingE5: to maintain a balanced ecosystem// to allow maximum 1
interaction among the living organisms/ biotic factors(in the ecosystem) and interaction between biotic andabiotic factors
E6: to maintain major sources of human food/ e.g: ulam/ 1ferns/ meats/ honey// sources of medicinal plant/ eg:herbs
E7: to sustain food web/ food chain in the ecosystem 1E8: to prevent disruption of natural cycle of water/ carbon/ 1
balance between photosynthesis and respiration//balance oxygen and CO2 in the atmosphere // provide02 // reduce C02
E9: to decrease the carbon dioxide level in the 1
atmosphere // to reduce the greenhouse effect/ globalwarming
1
11
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
Num
ElO: to maintain the biodiversity of the forest// maintaining/ increasing biodiversity / complexity / variety oforganisms / species / flora and fauna
El 1: to avoid lost of wildlife/ potential resourcesE12: to avoid loss of watershed areas // provide natural
water catchment area
El3: maintaining (normal) weather (patterns) by minimizeclimatic change / drought / harsh climate / maintaintemperature
El4 : As a site for breeding / feeding of flora and fauna /serving as valuable nursery area for organisms
Must have F and any 10TOTAL
SCORING CRITERIA9(a) Able to
(i) State the example of continuous variation and discontinuousvariation and the difference of continuous variation anddiscontinuous variation
Sample answer:Example of continuous variation: Height or weightExampleof discontinuous variation: ABO blood group
Differences
Continuous variation Discontinuous variation
Graf distribution shows a normaldistribution
Graf distribution shows adiscrete distribution
The characters are quantitative /can be measured and graded (fromone extreme to the other)
The characters are qualitative/ cannot be measured andgraded (from one extreme tothe other)
Exhibits a spectrum of phenotypeswith intermediate character
Exhibits a few distinctivephenotypes with nointermediate character
Influenced by environmentalfactors
Is not Influenced byenvironmental factors
Two or more genes control thesame character
A single genes determines thedifferences in the traits of thecharacter
The phenotype is usually controlledby many pair of alleles
The phenotype is controlledby a pair of alleles
12
Mark
10m
20M
Remark
Max 7
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
Num
(ii) Able to state the importance of variation to organism
Sample answer:PI: variation provided better adaptation for organism to survive in thechanging environmentP2: variation are essential to the survival of species / to survive moresuccessfullyP3; variationbe able to organism explore a new habitatP4: to ensure organism survival from predator
Any 3
SCORING CRITERIA9(b) Able to explain the possibilities of the blood group and the genotypes of
the offspring when the father's blood group is Aand the mother's bloodgroup is B.
Sample answer:There are four possibilities;
(a) Parent's genotype:
Gamete
Genotype Fl
Phenotype F1
jAjA X IBIB
jAjB
All offspring haveBlood group AB
(b) Parent's genotype: I I X jBjO
Gamete
Genotype Fl
Phenotype Fl
jB ,0
50% of offspring have blood group ABand 50% have blood group A
13
Total 10
Mark Remark
www.banksoalanspm.com
-
(c) Parent's genotype: IA1 X IBIB
GametejA jO TB 1
3
\x 1Genotype Fl jAjB jBjO 1
Phenotype Fl 50%) of offspring have blood group ABand 50%)have blood group B
(d) Parent's genotype: jA jO X TB JO
Gamete I[M,j 1 3Genotype Fl I \ rB tA tO tB tO tO tO
1
Phenotype Fl AB A B 025% chance that offspring has blood group
AB, A, B, 0
1
Max 10
14
www.banksoalanspm.com