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GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE

 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Biology

556• Lectue! Tue"#$y" 6%&!'5 PM

• Po(e""o! D) *$+, V) P$l$#i+o• O((ice! SB G%56

• P-o+e! '&.%6/0' o 6/05

•CO1RSE DESCRIPTION! A co23$$ti4e "tu#yo( -o ge+eticly #i((ee+t $+# #i4e"e $+i2$l

gou3" e"3o+# $+# $#$3t t-ei (u+ctio+$l

c-$$ctei"tic" to t-e "$2e e+4io+2e+t$l "ti2uli)

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• T-e 3i+ci3le" o( 3-y"iology $+# t-ei

$33lic$tio+ to -o $+i2$l" (u+ctio+ i+

#i((ee+t e+4io+2e+t") A+ i+teg$tio+ $+#

coo#i+$tio+ o( (u+ctio+$l el$tio+"-i3"

-ic- occu i+ 2oe t-$+ o+e gou3 o(

$+i2$l")

• RE1IRED TE7TBOO8S! A+i2$l

P-y"iology 5t- E#itio+) By 8) Sc-2i#t%

Niel"e+ C$29i#ge 1 Pe"" :00:

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• I+ $##itio+ t-ee ill 9e e;uie#

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• G$#e C$lcul$tio+ (o 556!

• /06 % /'0 3oi+t" > A• :?: % /05 > B

• :/& % :?. > C

• :0' % :/? > D• Belo :0/ > *

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LECT1RE O1TLINE 1NIT .! READINGS! C-$3te" .@

:@ /@

I) Ge+e$l I+to#uctio+)

II) De(i+itio+ o( Li(e

I) All li(e 2u"t 9e c$3$9le o( e3o#uctio+ o( t-ei

u+i;ue "tuctue (u+ctio+@ 9e $9le to 2et$9olie

$+# $#$3t to t-ei "uou+#i+g e+4io+2e+t lo+ge+oug- to e3o#uce@ $+# -$4e t-e $9ility to

e4ol4e "lig-t "tuctu$l $+# (u+ctio+$l c-$+ge"

t-oug- ge+e$tio+" o( li(e Li(e o+ t-i" 3l$+et i"

9$"e# o+ ' 9$"ic c-e2ic$l"@ C$9o-y#$te"@ li3i#"@3otei+" $+# +ucleic $ci#")

II) All li(e coul# -$4e "t$te# "3o+t$+eou"ly (o2 t-e

Pi2o#i$l "ou3 $+# $t2o"3-ee o( t-e 3i2$ti4e

e$t-) O3$i+ H$l#$+e t-eoy)

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 A) I+te+$l 4" E=te+$l E+4io+2e+t"

.) Ho2eo"t$"i"

:) T-e cellul$ e+4io+2e+t

P-y"iologic$l A#$3t$tio+" (o 

.) Aei$l E+4io+2e+t"

:) A;u$tic e+4io+2e+t"

/) Tee"ti$l e+4io+2e+t"

B) Accli2$tio+ 4" Accli2$ti$tio+.) De(i+itio+"

:) A#$3t$tio+

/) Co+t$"t o( 3-y"iologic$l $33o$c-e" to

$#$3t$tio+

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$) Regul$to  

9) Co+(o2e  

D) A+i2$l *it+e""

.) Su4i4$l te"t" $+# 3-y"iologic$l li2it"

:) Po3ul$tio+ e+4io+2e+t$l li2it" e3o#uctio+

II) Re"3i$tio+@ o=yge+@ c$9o+ #io=i#e@ e=c-$+ge)

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:) E((ect" o( $ltitu#e $+# 3e""ue o+

e"3i$tio+

 A co23$i"o+ o( $ei$l $+# $;u$tic e"3i$tio+

3ocue2e+t o( O: (o2 t-e e+4io+2e+t)

 A)A+i2$l" it-out "3eci$lie# og$+"B)S3eci$lie# Re"3i$toy og$+" 9$"ic #e"ig+

$+# (u+ctio+

.) t$c-e$l "y"te2"

:) gill" % $ e"3i$toy e4$gi+$tio+/) lu+g" % $ e"3i$toy i+4$gi+$tio+

') ",i+

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 A) B$"ic 3-y"ic$l g$" l$"

.) I#e$l g$" l$ P = V > + = R = T

:) D$lto+" l$ o( 3$ti$l 3e""ue" Pt > P. P:

P=/) Solu9ility o( g$"e" i+ $te He+yF" l$ V > $

=P

') Di((u"io+ o( g$"e" i+ $te $+# $i)

B) Co23o"itio+ o( t-e $t2o"3-ee

.) E((ect" o( $te 4$3o o+ g$" 2i=tue $+#

e"3i$tio+

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• C) A;u$tic e"3i$tio+ $+# gill"

  .) iig$tio+ 4" 4e+til$tio+• $) co23$i"o+ o( 2e#iu2 4i"co"ity

$+# 2o4e2e+t o( 2e#iu2 o4e t-e gill o

2o4e2e+t o( gill o4e t-e

2e#iu2)• 9) A co23$i"o+ o( t-e e+egy co"t@ 2ec-$+ic$l

#$2$ge@ e((ect o( 2e#iu2 i+(lue+ce o+ g$"

e=c-$+ge@ #y 4" et e+4io+2e+t@

• c) E((ect" o( te23e$tue@ "$li+ity@ io+ co+te+tot-e c-e2ic$l" o+ g$" e=c-$+ge

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9) ot-e gill (u+ctio+"

. o"2otic $+# io+ic egul$tio+

: $"te e2o4$l

:) B$"ic "tuctue $+# (u+ctio+ o( gill"$) e+clo"e# i+ c-$29e (o 3otectio+

$+# (lo 3$tte+

9) cou+te cue+t e((ect

c) $c-e"@ (il$2e+t"@ l$2ell$

#) c$9 gill"

D) Re"3i$tio+ i+ Ai@ Lu+g"@ ",i+@ t$c-e$l "y"te2")

.) gill" $+# $i e"3i$tio+

:) e=ce3tio+":) 1"e o( ",i+

/) Ot-e e"3i$toy og$+

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Dui+g t-e

"u22e

*og lu+g"

9eco2e $2oe

i23ot$+t

"ouce o(

O: 9ec$u"ei+ t-e -ig-e

"u22e

te23" t-e

MR i"

i+ce$"e#)

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To$# ",i+ $+# lu+g c$+ 4$y

it- e"3ect to t-e u3t$,e

$+# ele$"e o( O: $+# CO:

#e3e+#i+g o+ t-ete23e$tue

 At 5 C t-e ",i+ i" 2oe

i23ot$+t t-$+ lu+g (o O:)

T-e "$2e i" tue (o CO:

ele$"e

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Bi#" c$+ (ly $t -ig- $ltitu#e" 9ec$u"e t-ei o+e $y (lot-oug- lu+g i" 2oe e((icie+t $t e=t$cti+g O: (o2 t-e $i)

Ti#$l (lo i+ 2$22$li$+ lu+g i" +ot $" e((icie+t)

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*o $i to 2o4e co23letely t-oug- t-e

$4i$+ e"3i$toy "y"te2 o( $i "$c" $+#

igi# o+e $y (lo lu+g" t-ee 2u"t 9e

: co23lete e"3i$toy cycle")

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Se$ Cucu29e" $e t-e o+ly

2$i+e i+4ete9$te it- $

tue ti#$l lu+g t-$t "uctio+"

$te i+ $+# t-e+ 3u"-e" it9$c, out t-e "$2e $3e$tue

A+u"

-$t oul# you 3e#ict

$9out t-e 2et$9olic $te $+#

$cti4ity le4el o( t-e"e $+i2$l"

(o2 t-ei lu+g "tuctue $+#

(u+ctio+

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I+4ete9$te" -$4e

co23le=

e"3i$toy

"y"te2" i+clu#i+g@gill" $+# #i((u"io+

lu+g")

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E=te+$l gill" c$+ 9e $

li$9ility) It i"

i+tee"ti+g to +ote t-$t

$t t-e 9$"e o( 2$+y3olyc-$ete o2" $e

3$$3o#i$ t-$t c$+ 9e

"3eci$lie# to J9ite o

cl$23 #o+K o+

$+yt-i+g t-$t tie" to

#$2$ge o Je$t t-e"e

(i+e gill (il$2e+t"

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T-e egg "-ell

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T-e egg "-ell

$+#

2e29$+e"

"e4e $" t-e

e=c-$+ge9$ie" $+#

"u($ce (o

e29yo" t-e

$e 3l$ce# i+t-e2) Poe

"ie $+#

+u29e

9eco2e

i23ot$+t

($cto" i+

e"3i$tio+

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Lu+g 4olu2e" $e

co+"t$+t el$ti4e to

9o#y "ie $+# $e

$9out 5 ? o( tot$l9o#y 2$"")

 Allo2ety i" $+

i23ot$+t tool (o

co23$i+g #i((ee+t

"ie# $+i2$l" $+# t-e

3o3otio+ o( t-ei 9o#y

#e4ote# to $+ og$+ oti""ue)

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Bloo# Pig2e+t" -el3 to

T$+"3ot e"3i$toy

g$")

T-e e4olutio+ o( t-e"e

3ig2e+t $o"e $"

og$+i"2" 9ec$2el$ge $+# 2oe co23le=

$+# $l"o $" t-ey 2o4e#

(o2 $ $;u$tic

e+4io+2e+t o+to t-e

l$+#)

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  A) Re"3i$toy 3ig2e+t"

  .)Co23$i"o+ o( ' 3i+ci3le 9loo# 3ig2e+t"

• $) He2oglo9i+ eyt-ocui+

  . Stuctue $llo"teic e((ect"

  : Di"ti9utio+

  / Bo- e((ect Re4e"e Bo-

e((ect

  ' Root e((ect  5 Te23e$tue

  6 :%/ DPG 3ig2e+t

e+-$+ce"

9) C-loocoui+ . "tuctue

 : #i"ti9utio+

 / ot-e  

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Bloo# Pig2e+t" Co+ti+ue#

• c) He2eyt-i+

 . "tuctue

 : #i"ti9utio+

 / ot-e  

• #) He2ocy$+i+

 . "tuctue

 : #i"ti9utio+

 / ot-e  

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  :) I+t$cellul$ 3ig2e+t"

• $) 2yoglo9i+

• 9) cytoc-o2e"

• c) c-loo3-yll

B Role o( e"3i$toy 3ig2e+t" i+ #i((ee+t

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B) Role o( e"3i$toy 3ig2e+t" i+ #i((ee+t

e+4io+2e+t"

.)Hig- P O: % lo $((i+ity 3ig2e+t" e=$23le! Tee"ti$l

2$22$l"! lot" o( e$"ily $cce""i9le O: i+ +o2$l $i@ +o +ee#(o t-ic- 3otecti4e #i((u"io+ 9$ie 9ec$u"e +o io+ic 3o9le2"

i+ g$" e=c-$+ge i+ $i@ lo $((i+ity 3ig2e+t $llo" (o e$"ie

ge$te u+lo$#i+g $t cell"ti""ue" $+# 3e2it" -ig- O: u"e@

e$"ie #eli4ey

 A+ot-e e=$23le i" i+ 2$i+e e+4io+2e+t" -ee 3olyc-$ete"li,e S$9ell$ -$4e c-loocoui+ $+# t-e 3ig2e+t $ct" $" $+

e2ege+cy "toe $+# i+ce$"e" t-e 9loo# O: c$yi+g c$3$city

:)Hig- P O: % Hig- $((i+ity 3ig2e+t i)e) #ec$3o#

cu"t$ce$+" li,e S3i+y lo9"te (o2 t-e 2$i+e e+4io+2e+t-$4e 9$"ic 3o9le2" it- io+ico"2otic 9$l$+ce i+ 2$i+e

e+4io+2e+t) Nee# $ -ig- $((i+ity 3ig2e+t to 3ic, u3 O:

$co"" t-ic, gill #i((u"io+ 9$ie t-$t i" #e"ig+e# to -el3 co+tol

$te lo"" $+# io+ i+(lu= (o2 "e$ $te) Hig- $((i+ity +ee#e#to ($cilit$te O: u t$,e $co"" t-ic, ill 9$ie) 1+lo$#" o+l $t

/ Lo P O: % Hig- $((i+ity 3ig2e+t (ou+# i+ i+4ete9$te"

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/)Lo P O: % Hig- $((i+ity 3ig2e+t (ou+# i+ i+4ete9$te"t-$t 2o4e (o2 -ig- O: to $e$" o( lo O: egul$ly ) I+4et"

li4i+g i+ (luctu$ti+g e+4io+2e+t" li,e loc$l l$,e" -ee O: i+

$te c$+ 9e ;uite -ig- 9ut t-e $+i2$l" t-e+ t$4el i+to

$+$eo9ic 2u#(l$t" -ee t-e 3ig2e+t t-e+ "e4e" $" $+ O:e"e4e #ui+g e2ege+cy ) 1+#e +o2$l cicu2"t$+ce" O:

9ou+# to 3ig2e+t i" +ot u"e#) A+ot-e  i)e) i" 3l$+o9i"3ul2o+$te "+$il u"e" -ig- $((i+ity 3ig2e+t to $llo (o lo+ge

#i4e" u+#e $te +ee O: i" lo $+# ill 4e+til$te lu+gc-$29e 9e(oe $+# $(te #i4e -ee $i i" "toe# $+# 3ig2e+t

c$+ 3ocue O: #ui+g #i4e) 

')Lo P O: % Lo $((i+ity 3ig2e+t i)e) Si3u+culi# o2"

3e$+ut o2" li,e Si3-o+o"o2$ i+ge+" t-$t li4e" i+ $ 2$i+e"e#i2e+t 9uo) H$" i+tee"ti+g cicul$toy "y"te2 -ee

9loo# cell" co+t$i+ -e2e%eyt-i+ i+ t-ic, $lle# te+t$cle" t-$t

e2ege (o2 9uo) H$"- $teio+ g$#ie+t" i+ 2$i+e

$te 9ut t-ey -$4e $ lo $((i+ity 3ig2e+t i+ te+t$cle") I+ 9o#yc$4it -$4e $ -i - $((i+it coelo2ic i 2e+t t-$t ($cilit$te"

Co+tol o( Re"3i$tio+ i" it O: o CO: t-$t i" 2oe

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Co+tol o( Re"3i$tio+ i" it O: o CO: t-$t i" 2oe

i23ot$+t

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Co+tol o( Re"3i$tio+

• Re"3i$toy co+tol ce+te i+ 9$i+! $e4e9e$ti+g cicuit)

• Pi2$y 3$ce2$,e" $e i+"3i$toy ce+te (ou+#

i+ t-e 3o+" 2e#ul$ o( -ig-e 4ete9$te"• Se+# i23ul"e" to Di$3-$2 o 2u"ce" o(i+"3i$tio+ 4i$ 3-e+ic +e4e

•  Al"o "e+# i23ul"e" to $3+eu"tic o e=3i$toy

ce+te $+# "ti2ul$te t-e2 to e4e+tu$lly (ie $+#tu+ o(( 3$ce2$,e cell"

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-y i" CO: 2oe i23ot$+t

• He+#e"o+ H$""le9$c- e;u$tio+

• CO: H:0 %%%%% H:CO/ % HCO/ H

• T-i" e$ctio+ i" "3e# u3 9y C$9o+ic A+-y#$"e (ou+# i+ Eyt-ocyte

2e29$+e"

•3H Bloo# > 6). = log.0 o( HCO/H:CO/

•  

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Ai Bl$##e ete (o O:

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 Ai Bl$##e ete (o O: