biol 2010 human anatomy & physiology i -- exam 1 -form …people.nnu.edu/jocossel/biol2010/biol...

BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I -- Exam 1 -Form A- Name:

1. Vesicles are formed from

A. lysosomal membrane.

B. nuclear membrane.

C. cell membrane.

D. endoplasmic reticulum.

E. none of the above.

2. Skeletal muscle cells need large numbers of _______ to make the many proteins they contain.

A. liposomes

B. peroxisomes

C. lysosomes

D. centrosomes

E. ribosomes

3. Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of

A. metabolism.

B. phagocytosis.

C. philiosis

D. pinocytosis.

E. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

4. The plantar surface is the

A. area in front of the elbow.

B. chest area.

C. forearm.

D. bottom of foot.

E. lower back.

5. The molecular formula H2O means

A. None of these choices is correct.

B. 1 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen atom.

C. 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms.

D. 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

E. 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms.

6. A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the

principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when

A. blood calcium levels are stable.

B. blood calcium levels decrease.

C. blood calcium levels increase.

D. blood calcium levels are elevated.

E. None of these choices are correct.

7. Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because

A. we eat chemicals.

B. body functions reflect cellular functions that reflect chemical changes.

C. drugs are chemicals.

D. chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients.

E. all of the above.

8. Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex.

(1) cell A. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5

(2) tissue B. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5

(3) chemical C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

(4) organ system D. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5

(5) organ E. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4

9. The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the _____ cavity.

A. inguinal

B. abdominal

C. pelvic

D. pleural

E. thoracic

10. A cell is

A. a group of organs with a common set of functions.

B. a small structure within a molecule.

C. the basic structural unit of living organisms.

D. a structure composed of several tissue types.

E. a group of atoms with similar structure and function.

11. A particular membrane transport process exhibits saturation, uses carrier molecules, but does

NOT require ATP. The process is probably

A. phagocytosis.

B. facilitated diffusion.

C. pinocytosis.

D. osmosis.

E. active transport.

12. In a covalent bond

A. one atom shares and another atom gains electrons.

B. atoms share pairs of electrons.

C. oppositely charged atoms attract.

D. oppositely charged atoms repel.


13. Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which

level encompasses the other four?

A. tissue

B. organ

C. chemical

D. organ system

E. cell

14. A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.

A. coronal

B. horizontal

C. transverse

D. sagittal

E. frontal

15. The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

A. molecules.

B. nuclei.

C. neutrons.

D. protons.

E. electrons.

16. Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients

throughout the body?

A. respiratory

B. lymphatic

C. cardiovascular

D. nervous

E. urinary

17. Anatomy is

A. the study of living organisms.

B. the study of structure.

C. the study of function.

D. a branch of physiology.

E. the study of homeostasis.

18. Water causes ionically-bonded molecules to

A. explode.

B. denature.

C. degrade.

D. dissociate.

E. bond more strongly.

19. Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the

A. number of hydrogen ions has increased.

B. solution will now accept more protons.

C. solution is closer to neutrality.

D. number of hydrogen ions has decreased.

E. pH of the solution has increased.

20. The antecubital region is the

A. forearm.

B. bottom of foot.

C. chest area.

D. lower back.

E. area in front of the elbow.

21. Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?

A. A car runs out of gas and stops.

B. A toilet tank stops refilling once its full after a flush.

C. An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it.

D. A clock ticks on a shelf.

E. A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students' exam papers.

22. A hypotonic solution

A. has a lower concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution.

B. causes gaps to form in the cell membrane.

C. would cause cells in the solution to lose water.

D. has a higher osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution.

E. kills the cell.

23. An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Chlorine has 35 electrons.

B. Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons.

C. Chlorine has an atomic number of 35.

D. Chlorine has a mass number of 35.

E. Chlorine has an atomic number of 18.

24. Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP?

A. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy

B. ATP + energy → ADP + H2O

C. ADP + ADP + ADP → ATP

D. ATP + ADP → ATP

E. ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O

25. A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of

A. There is no feedback involved.

B. negative feedback.

C. metabolism.

D. positive feedback.

E. neutral feedback.

26. An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function

of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

A. neurologist.

B. engineer.

C. physiologist.

D. histologist.

E. anatomist.

27. The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a

A. peroxisome.

B. nucleus.

C. mitochondrion.

D. ribosome.

E. Golgi apparatus.

28. In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

A. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

B. has no effect on the original stimulus.

C. enhances the original stimulus.

D. is usually damaging to the body.

E. reverses the original stimulus.

29. Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane?

A. A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move

B. A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules

C. A protein bilayer with lipids embedded in a different pattern in different cell types.

D. Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and

polysaccharides) on the outside

E. Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended

30. An organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; the molecule is

probably

A. a triglyceride (fat).

B. a monosaccharide.

C. a phospholipid.

D. carbon dioxide.

E. an amino acid.

31. Which of the following best describes a proton?

A. subatomic particle with no electric charge

B. None of these choices is correct.

C. one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals

D. no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus

E. one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus

32. In phagocytosis

A. a cell membrane engulfs droplets.

B. a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.

C. a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient.

D. a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP.

E. a cell membrane temporarily comes apart.

33. In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

A. a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

B. x-rays.

C. a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

D. flashlights.

E. tissue cultures.

34. Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?

A. osmosis

B. facilitated diffusion

C. simple diffusion

D. active transport

E. filtration

35. Homeostasis is defined as

A. the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release.

B. the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

C. a condition in the body that does not involve fluctuation.

D. the production of energy by cells.

E. an amplification of deviation from the normal range.

36. Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values:

Which of the choices includes all acids?

A. Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee

B. Tomatoes, egg whites, and baking soda

C. White bread, butter, and bleach

D. Beer, butter, and baking soda

E. Egg whites, baking soda, milk of magnesia, and

bleach

37. Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the _____ plane.

A. coronal

B. transverse

C. lateral

D. median

E. frontal

38. Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an

example of

A. responsiveness.

B. filtration.

C. digestion.

D. respiration.

E. movement.

39. The cell membrane

A. maintains the integrity of the cell.

B. contains cholesterol.

C. provides a barrier to water-soluble substances.

D. controls the entry and exit of various substances.

E. all answer choices are correct

40. Here is a figure showing major trunk

cavities and other structures. What does

"C" represent?

A. abdominal cavity

B. mediastinum

C. thoracic cavity

D. pelvic cavity

E. Diaphragm

41. If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

A. the cell will swell and may eventually burst.

B. the cell will disappear.

C. nothing; the cell will remain the same size and shape.

D. the cell will shrink.

E. only permeable substances leave; otherwise concentrations in the cell do not change.

42. Which of the following is NOT consistent with active transport?

A. uses cell energy

B. movement is against a concentration gradient

C. movement is with a concentration gradient

D. involves a carrier

E. exhibits competition and saturation

43. What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion

balance, and water balance?

A. lymphatic

B. urinary

C. immune

D. respiratory

E. cardiovascular

44. Organic molecules ___________.

A. are never found in living things.

B. do not contain carbon.

C. always dissolve in water.

D. contain carbon.

E. are chemically not different from inorganic molecules.

45. An enzyme is a ____.

A. protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted

B. protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

C. fibrous protein that is part of certain tissues in the body

D. fat that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

E. protein that functions as a hormone

46. Fatty acid A has 10 double covalent bonds scattered throughout its carbon chain while fatty acid

B has only single covalent bonds between the carbons in its chain.

A. Both fatty acids are saturated.

B. Fatty acid B is saturated.

C. Both fatty acids are unsaturated.

D. Fatty acid A is saturated.

E. Fatty acid B is unsaturated.

47. The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the

A. elbow to the fingers.

B. shoulder to the elbow.

C. shoulder to the fingers.

D. shoulder to the wrist.

E. elbow to the wrist.

48. The popliteal region is the

A. calf.

B. armpit.

C. hollow behind the knee.

D. neck.

E. thigh.

49. Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) _______ reaction.

A. exchange reaction

B. metabolic

C. hydrolysis

D. synthesis

E. decomposition

50. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

A. ATP is converted to ADP.

B. Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.

C. Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.

D. Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.

E. Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of

fructose.

51. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration

inside,

A. glucose will enter the cell by osmosis.

B. water will enter the cell by osmosis.

C. water will leave the cell by osmosis.

D. glucose will leave the cell by osmosis.

E. glucose will polymerize to form glycogen.

52. Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose?

A. It is medial to the eyes.

B. It is inferior to the forehead.

C. It is superior to the mouth.

D. It is on the dorsal aspect of the face.

53. The three major parts of a cell are

A. the mitochondria, microtubules, and microfilaments.

B. the ER, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.

C. the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

D. microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes.

E. the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.

54. The major components of the cell membrane are

A. proteins and peptides.

B. carbohydrates and polysaccharides.

C. lipids and proteins.

D. lipids and nucleic acids.

E. proteins and carbohydrates.

55. Lipids

A. are insoluble in water.

B. include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats.

C. contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates.

D. are organic.

E. all of the above

56. Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because

A. muscle cells have contractile proteins and bone cells do not.

B. bone cells secrete bone matrix and muscle cells do not.

C. each has different chromosomes.

D. each expresses a different subset of genes.

E. each has different genes.

57. The study of tissues is

A. surface anatomy.

B. molecular biology.

C. cytology.

D. microbiology.

E. histology.

58. The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).

A. superficial

B. lateral

C. medial

D. distal

E. proximal

59. Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

A. by active transport.

B. by transport with carrier molecules.

C. through vitamin membrane channels.

D. in vesicles.

E. by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.

60. The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

A. 8.

B. 24.

C. 16.

D. 64.

E. 32.

61. Proteins

A. are structural materials

B. are chemical messengers.

C. contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes sulfur.

D. can function as enzymes.

E. all of the above

62. The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are

A. tumor suppressors and oncogenes.

B. kinases and cyclins.

C. oncosuppressors and tumor kinetics

D. metastatic activators and apoptosis stimulators.

E. oncosuppressors and tumor activators.

63. The ______ uses the element iodide.

A. thymus

B. spinal cord

C. thyroid

D. liver

E. spleen

64. The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is the

A. lower the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

B. greater the number of solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure.

C. greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of solute particles.

D. greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.


65. Which of the following describes a lysosome?

A. A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris.

B. A complex network of interconnected membranes that is a communication system in the cell.

C. A double-membraned organelle that is the "powerhouse" of the cell.

D. A bilayer of lipid in which proteins are embedded.

E. A nonmembranous structure that is essential for mitosis.

66. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?

A. They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.

B. They provide much of the energy that the cell requires.

C. They often are stored as reserve energy supplies.

D. They include sugars and starches.

E. all of the above

67. The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

A. distal.

B. superficial.

C. lateral.

D. proximal.

E. medial.

68. Which of the following events occurs during anaphase?

A. The nuclear envelope degenerates.

B. Chromatin strands condense to form chromosomes.

C. Cytokinesis completes.

D. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell.

E. Spindle fibers are formed.

69. Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?

A. Carbohydrate

B. Bone

C. Water

D. Lipid

E. Protein

70. For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to

A. decrease.

B. increase.

C. remain unchanged.

71. A selectively permeable membrane

A. allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.

B. falls apart locally so that any nearby molecules can get through.

C. forms a bubble that engulfs incoming molecules.

D. allows all substances to pass through.

E. allows all organic substances to pass through but excludes all inorganic substances.

72. Stages of the cell cycle occur in the following order:

A. differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase

B. interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis

C. interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation

D. geophase, nucleophase, ciliophase, mitosis

E. none of the above

73. DNA

A. provides cellular energy.

B. is important in building carbohydrates.

C. helps synthesize nucleic acids.

D. is important in building fats.

E. stores genetic information.

74. Which of the following substances is an element?

A. Water

B. Fat

C. Glucose

D. Salt

E. Iron

75. What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share?

A. Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.

B. Both require ATP.

C. Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.

D. Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

without cellular energy.

E. Both move water across a semipermeable membrane.

Exam 1 v 2.0 Key

Version #1

1. Vesicles are formed from

A. lysosomal membrane.

B. nuclear membrane.

C. cell membrane.

D. endoplasmic reticulum.


Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand

Learning Outcome: 03.02

Shier - Chapter 03 #11

Topic: Cells

2. Skeletal muscle cells need large numbers of _______ to make the many proteins they

contain.

A. liposomes

B. peroxisomes

C. lysosomes

D. centrosomes

E. ribosomes

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

HAPS Objective: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.

HAPS Objective: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.

Learning Outcome: 03.08C. Explain the structure and function of ribosomes.

Section: 03.08

Topic: Cells

VanPutte - Chapter 03 #99

3. Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of

A. metabolism.

B. phagocytosis.

C. philiosis

D. pinocytosis.

E. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create



Topic: Cells

4. The plantar surface is the

A. area in front of the elbow.

B. chest area.

C. forearm.

D. bottom of foot.

E. lower back.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

HAPS Objective: A03.02 List and describe the location of the major anatomical regions of the body.

Learning Outcome: 01.06C. Know the terms for the parts and regions of the body.

Section: 01.06

Topic: Body Orientation


5. The molecular formula H2O means

A. None of these choices is correct.

B. 1 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen atom.

C. 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms.

D. 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

E. 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms.


HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water.

Learning Outcome: 02.03B. Describe how the properties of water contribute to its physiological functions.

Section: 02.03

Topic: Chemistry


6. A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the

principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when

A. blood calcium levels are stable.

B. blood calcium levels decrease.

C. blood calcium levels increase.

D. blood calcium levels are elevated.

E. None of these choices are correct.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

HAPS Objective: B03.02 Provide an example of a negative feedback loop that utilizes the endocrine system to relay information. Describe the specific

cells or molecules (production cells, hormones, target cells) included in the feedback loop.

Learning Outcome: 01.05B. Describe a negative-feedback mechanism and give an example.

Section: 01.05

Topic: General


7. Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because

A. we eat chemicals.

B. body functions reflect cellular functions that reflect chemical changes.

C. drugs are chemicals.

D. chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients.





Topic: Chemistry

8. Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex.

(1) cell

(2) tissue

(3) chemical

(4) organ system

(5) organ

A. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5

B. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5

C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

D. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5

E. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4


HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.

Learning Outcome: 01.02A. Name the six levels of organization of the body, and describe the major characteristics of each level.

Section: 01.02

Topic: General


9. The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the _____ cavity.

A. inguinal

B. abdominal

C. pelvic

D. pleural

E. thoracic


HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.

Learning Outcome: 01.06F. Describe the major trunk cavities and their divisions.

Section: 01.06



10. A cell is

A. a group of organs with a common set of functions.

B. a small structure within a molecule.

C. the basic structural unit of living organisms.

D. a structure composed of several tissue types.

E. a group of atoms with similar structure and function.




Section: 01.02

Topic: General


11. A particular membrane transport process exhibits saturation, uses carrier molecules, but does

NOT require ATP. The process is probably

A. phagocytosis.

B. facilitated diffusion.

C. pinocytosis.

D. osmosis.

E. active transport.


HAPS Objective: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport process – simple diffusion,

facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.

Learning Outcome: 03.06F. Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion, active transport, and secondary active transport.

Section: 03.06

Topic: Cells


12. In a covalent bond

A. one atom shares and another atom gains electrons.

B. atoms share pairs of electrons.

C. oppositely charged atoms attract.

D. oppositely charged atoms repel.





Topic: Chemistry

13. Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which

level encompasses the other four?

A. tissue

B. organ

C. chemical

D. organ system

E. cell

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze



Section: 01.02

Topic: General


14. A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.

A. coronal

B. horizontal

C. transverse

D. sagittal

E. frontal


HAPS Objective: A02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected.

Learning Outcome: 01.06D. Name and describe the three major planes of the body.

Section: 01.06



15. The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

A. molecules.

B. nuclei.

C. neutrons.

D. protons.

E. electrons.




Topic: Chemistry

16. Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients

throughout the body?

A. respiratory

B. lymphatic

C. cardiovascular

D. nervous

E. urinary


HAPS Objective: A07.01 List the organ systems of the human body and their major components.

Learning Outcome: 01.02B. List the 11 organ systems, identify their components, and describe the major functions of each system.

Section: 01.02

Topic: General


17. Anatomy is

A. the study of living organisms.

B. the study of structure.

C. the study of function.

D. a branch of physiology.

E. the study of homeostasis.


HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology.

Learning Outcome: 01.01A. Define anatomy and describe the levels at which anatomy can be studied.

Section: 01.01

Topic: General


18. Water causes ionically-bonded molecules to

A. explode.

B. denature.

C. degrade.

D. dissociate.

E. bond more strongly.




Topic: Chemistry

19. Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the

A. number of hydrogen ions has increased.

B. solution will now accept more protons.

C. solution is closer to neutrality.

D. number of hydrogen ions has decreased.

E. pH of the solution has increased.


HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance.

Learning Outcome: 02.03C. Describe the pH scale and its relationship to acidic, basic and neutral solutions.

Section: 02.03

Topic: Chemistry


20. The antecubital region is the

A. forearm.

B. bottom of foot.

C. chest area.

D. lower back.

E. area in front of the elbow.




Section: 01.06



21. Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human

physiology?

A. A car runs out of gas and stops.

B. A toilet tank stops refilling once its full after a flush.

C. An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it.

D. A clock ticks on a shelf.

E. A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students' exam papers.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.


Section: 01.05

Topic: General


22. A hypotonic solution

A. has a lower concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution.

B. causes gaps to form in the cell membrane.

C. would cause cells in the solution to lose water.

D. has a higher osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution.

E. kills the cell.




Topic: Cells

23. An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is

true?

A. Chlorine has 35 electrons.

B. Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons.

C. Chlorine has an atomic number of 35.

D. Chlorine has a mass number of 35.

E. Chlorine has an atomic number of 18.


HAPS Objective: C01.01d Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom.

Learning Outcome: 02.01D. Define atomic number, mass number, isotope, atomic mass and mole.

Section: 02.01

Topic: Chemistry


24. Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP?

A. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy

B. ATP + energy → ADP + H2O

C. ADP + ADP + ADP → ATP

D. ATP + ADP → ATP

E. ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O


HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

Learning Outcome: 02.04C. Describe the roles of nucleotides in the structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and ATP.

Section: 02.04

Topic: Chemistry


25. A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of

A. There is no feedback involved.

B. negative feedback.

C. metabolism.

D. positive feedback.

E. neutral feedback.


HAPS Objective: B03.03 Provide an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. Describe the specific structures (organs, cells or molecules)

included in the feedback loop.

HAPS Objective: B04.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how organ systems respond to maintain homeostasis.

Learning Outcome: 01.05C. Describe a positive-feedback mechanism and give an example.

Section: 01.05

Topic: General


26. An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the

function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

A. neurologist.

B. engineer.

C. physiologist.

D. histologist.

E. anatomist.




Section: 01.01

Topic: General


27. The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a

A. peroxisome.

B. nucleus.

C. mitochondrion.

D. ribosome.

E. Golgi apparatus.




Topic: Cells

28. In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

A. creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

B. has no effect on the original stimulus.

C. enhances the original stimulus.

D. is usually damaging to the body.

E. reverses the original stimulus.


HAPS Objective: B02.01 List the components of a feedback loop and explain the function of each.

HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response.


Section: 01.05

Topic: General


29. Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane?

A. A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can

move

B. A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules

C. A protein bilayer with lipids embedded in a different pattern in different cell types.

D. Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and

polysaccharides) on the outside

E. Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended




Topic: Cells

30. An organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; the molecule

is probably

A. a triglyceride (fat).

B. a monosaccharide.

C. a phospholipid.

D. carbon dioxide.

E. an amino acid.


HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Learning Outcome: 02.04A. Describe the structural organization and major functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Section: 02.04

Topic: Chemistry


31. Which of the following best describes a proton?

A. subatomic particle with no electric charge

B. None of these choices is correct.

C. one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals

D. no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus

E. one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus


HAPS Objective: C01.01a Describe the charge, mass, and relative location of electrons, protons and neutrons with respect to the structure of an atom.

Learning Outcome: 02.01C. Name the subatomic particles of an atom, and indicate their mass, charge and location in an atom.

Section: 02.01

Topic: Chemistry


32. In phagocytosis

A. a cell membrane engulfs droplets.

B. a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.

C. a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient.

D. a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP.

E. a cell membrane temporarily comes apart.




Topic: Cells

33. In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

A. a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

B. x-rays.

C. a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

D. flashlights.

E. tissue cultures.


Learning Outcome: 03.02A. Relate the kinds of microscopes used to study cells.

Section: 03.02

Topic: Cells


34. Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?

A. osmosis

B. facilitated diffusion

C. simple diffusion

D. active transport

E. filtration




HAPS Objective: C08.03 Demonstrate various cell transport processes and, given appropriate information, predict the outcomes of these

demonstrations.


Section: 03.06

Topic: Cells


35. Homeostasis is defined as

A. the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release.

B. the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

C. a condition in the body that does not involve fluctuation.

D. the production of energy by cells.

E. an amplification of deviation from the normal range.


HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis.

Learning Outcome: 01.05A. Define homeostasis, and explain why it is important for proper body function.

Section: 01.05

Topic: General


36. Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values:

Which of the choices includes all acids?

A. Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee

B. Tomatoes, egg whites, and baking soda

C. White bread, butter, and bleach

D. Beer, butter, and baking soda

E. Egg whites, baking soda, milk of magnesia, and bleach

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze



Topic: Chemistry

37. Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the _____ plane.

A. coronal

B. transverse

C. lateral

D. median

E. frontal


HAPS Objective: A02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected.

Learning Outcome: 01.06D. Name and describe the three major planes of the body.

Section: 01.06



38. Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an

example of

A. responsiveness.

B. filtration.

C. digestion.

D. respiration.

E. movement.


Learning Outcome: 01.03A. List and define six characteristics of life.

Section: 01.03

Topic: General


39. The cell membrane

A. maintains the integrity of the cell.

B. contains cholesterol.

C. provides a barrier to water-soluble substances.

D. controls the entry and exit of various substances.

E. all answer choices are correct




Topic: Cells


Figure: 01.14

Section: 01.06


VanPutte - Chapter 01

40. Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent?

A. abdominal cavity

B. mediastinum

C. thoracic cavity

D. pelvic cavity

E. diaphragm


Figure: 01.14

HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.

Learning Outcome: 01.06F. Describe the major trunk cavities and their divisions.

Section: 01.06



41. If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

A. the cell will swell and may eventually burst.

B. the cell will disappear.

C. nothing; the cell will remain the same size and shape.

D. the cell will shrink.

E. only permeable substances leave; otherwise concentrations in the cell do not change.




Topic: Cells

42. Which of the following is NOT consistent with active transport?

A. uses cell energy

B. movement is against a concentration gradient

C. movement is with a concentration gradient

D. involves a carrier

E. exhibits competition and saturation





Section: 03.06

Topic: Cells


43. What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion

balance, and water balance?

A. lymphatic

B. urinary

C. immune

D. respiratory

E. cardiovascular


HAPS Objective: A07.01 List the organ systems of the human body and their major components.

Learning Outcome: 01.02B. List the 11 organ systems, identify their components, and describe the major functions of each system.

Section: 01.02

Topic: General


44. Organic molecules ___________.

A. are never found in living things.

B. do not contain carbon.

C. always dissolve in water.

D. contain carbon.

E. are chemically not different from inorganic molecules.




Topic: Chemistry

45. An enzyme is a ____.

A. protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted

B. protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

C. fibrous protein that is part of certain tissues in the body

D. fat that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

E. protein that functions as a hormone




Topic: Chemistry

46. Fatty acid A has 10 double covalent bonds scattered throughout its carbon chain while fatty

acid B has only single covalent bonds between the carbons in its chain.

A. Both fatty acids are saturated.

B. Fatty acid B is saturated.

C. Both fatty acids are unsaturated.

D. Fatty acid A is saturated.

E. Fatty acid B is unsaturated.


HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Learning Outcome: 02.04A. Describe the structural organization and major functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Section: 02.04

Topic: Chemistry


47. The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the

A. elbow to the fingers.

B. shoulder to the elbow.

C. shoulder to the fingers.

D. shoulder to the wrist.

E. elbow to the wrist.




Section: 01.06



48. The popliteal region is the

A. calf.

B. armpit.

C. hollow behind the knee.

D. neck.

E. thigh.




Section: 01.06



49. Table sugar breaking down into glucose and fructose is a(n) _______ reaction.

A. exchange reaction

B. metabolic

C. hydrolysis

D. synthesis

E. decomposition




Topic: Chemistry

50. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

A. ATP is converted to ADP.

B. Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.

C. Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.

D. Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.

E. Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of

fructose.


HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.

Learning Outcome: 02.02A. Summarize the characteristics of synthesis, decomposition, reversible reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions.

Section: 02.02

Topic: Chemistry


51. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration

inside,

A. glucose will enter the cell by osmosis.

B. water will enter the cell by osmosis.

C. water will leave the cell by osmosis.

D. glucose will leave the cell by osmosis.

E. glucose will polymerize to form glycogen.




Topic: Cells

52. Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose?

A. It is medial to the eyes.

B. It is inferior to the forehead.

C. It is superior to the mouth.

D. It is on the dorsal aspect of the face.


HAPS Objective: A.01.02 Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference.

HAPS Objective: A.02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected.

HAPS Objective: A.02.02 Describe the appearance of a body presented along various planes.

HAPS Objective: A.03.02 List and describe the location of the major anatomical regions of the body.

HAPS Objective: A.04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.


Longenbaker - Chapter 01 #14

Section: 01.02


53. The three major parts of a cell are

A. the mitochondria, microtubules, and microfilaments.

B. the ER, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.

C. the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

D. microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes.

E. the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.




Topic: Cells

54. The major components of the cell membrane are

A. proteins and peptides.

B. carbohydrates and polysaccharides.

C. lipids and proteins.

D. lipids and carbohydrates.

E. proteins and carbohydrates.




Topic: Cells

55. Lipids

A. are insoluble in water.

B. include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats.

C. contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates.

D. are organic.

E. all of the above




Topic: Chemistry

56. Bone cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function because

A. muscle cells have contractile proteins and bone cells do not.

B. bone cells secrete bone matrix and muscle cells do not.

C. each has different chromosomes.

D. each expresses a different subset of genes.

E. each has different genes.




Topic: Cells

57. The study of tissues is

A. surface anatomy.

B. molecular biology.

C. cytology.

D. microbiology.

E. histology.




Section: 01.01

Topic: General


58. The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).

A. superficial

B. lateral

C. medial

D. distal

E. proximal


HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.

HAPS Objective: A05.03 Describe the location of structures of the body, using basic regional and systemic terminology.

Learning Outcome: 01.06B. Define the directional terms for the human body, and use them to locate specific body structures.

Section: 01.06



59. Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

A. by active transport.

B. by transport with carrier molecules.

C. through vitamin membrane channels.

D. in vesicles.

E. by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.




Learning Outcome: 03.06B. List and explain the three ways that molecules and ions can pass through the plasma membrane.

Section: 03.06

Topic: Cells


60. The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons

is

A. 8.

B. 24.

C. 16.

D. 64.

E. 32.




Topic: Chemistry

61. Proteins

A. are structural materials

B. are chemical messengers.

C. contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes sulfur.

D. can function as enzymes.

E. all of the above




Topic: Chemistry

62. The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are

A. tumor suppressors and oncogenes.

B. kinases and cyclins.

C. oncosuppressors and tumor kinetics

D. metastatic activators and apoptosis stimulators.

E. oncosuppressors and tumor activators.




Topic: Cells

63. The ______ uses the element iodide.

A. thymus

B. spinal cord

C. thyroid

D. liver

E. spleen



Topic: Chemistry

64. The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is the

A. lower the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

B. greater the number of solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure.

C. greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of solute particles.

D. greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.





Topic: Cells

65. Which of the following describes a lysosome?

A. A tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade worn cell parts and debris.

B. A complex network of interconnected membranes that is a communication system in the

cell.

C. A double-membraned organelle that is the "powerhouse" of the cell.

D. A bilayer of lipid in which proteins are embedded.

E. A nonmembranous structure that is essential for mitosis.




Topic: Cells

66. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?

A. They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.

B. They provide much of the energy that the cell requires.

C. They often are stored as reserve energy supplies.

D. They include sugars and starches.

E. all of the above




Topic: Chemistry

67. The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

A. distal.

B. superficial.

C. lateral.

D. proximal.

E. medial.


HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.

Learning Outcome: 01.06B. Define the directional terms for the human body, and use them to locate specific body structures.

Section: 01.06



68. Which of the following events occurs during anaphase?

A. The nuclear envelope degenerates.

B. Chromatin strands condense to form chromosomes.

C. Cytokinesis completes.

D. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell.

E. Spindle fibers are formed.


HAPS Objective: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.

Learning Outcome: 03.10C. Explain what occurs during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Section: 03.10

Topic: Cells


69. Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?

A. Carbohydrate

B. Bone

C. Water

D. Lipid

E. Protein




Topic: Chemistry

70. For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to

A. decrease.

B. increase.

C. remain unchanged.


Learning Outcome: 02.02F. Describe the factors that can affect the rate of chemical reactions.

Section: 02.02

Topic: Chemistry


71. A selectively permeable membrane

A. allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.

B. falls apart locally so that any nearby molecules can get through.

C. forms a bubble that engulfs incoming molecules.

D. allows all substances to pass through.

E. allows all organic substances to pass through but excludes all inorganic substances.




Topic: Cells

72. Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order:

A. differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase

B. interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis

C. interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation

D. geophase, nucleophase, ciliophase, mitosis

E. none of the above




Topic: Cells

73. DNA

A. provides cellular energy.

B. is important in building carbohydrates.

C. helps synthesize nucleic acids.

D. is important in building fats.

E. stores genetic information.




Topic: Chemistry

74. Which of the following substances is an element?

A. Water

B. Fat

C. Glucose

D. Salt

E. Iron




Topic: Chemistry

75. What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share?

A. Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.

B. Both require ATP.

C. Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.

D. Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

without cellular energy.

E. Both move water across a semipermeable membrane.




Topic: Cells

Exam 1 v 2.0 Summary

Category # of Qu

estions

Blooms Level: 1. Remember 3










Blooms Level: 2. Understand 1















Blooms Level: 3. Apply 1

Blooms Level: 3. Apply 1

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze 1

Difficulty Level: Apply/Analyze 8

Difficulty Level: Evaluate/Create 16

Difficulty Level: Remember/Understand 10

Figure: 01.14 2

HAPS Objective: A.01.02 Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference. 1

HAPS Objective: A.02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected. 1

HAPS Objective: A.02.02 Describe the appearance of a body presented along various planes. 1

HAPS Objective: A.03.02 List and describe the location of the major anatomical regions of the body. 1

HAPS Objective: A.04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy. 1

HAPS Objective: A02.01 Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected. 2

HAPS Objective: A03.01 Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity. 2

HAPS Objective: A03.02 List and describe the location of the major anatomical regions of the body. 4

HAPS Objective: A04.01 List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy. 2

HAPS Objective: A05.01 Define the terms anatomy and physiology. 3

HAPS Objective: A05.03 Describe the location of structures of the body, using basic regional and systemic terminology. 1

HAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organ

ism.

3

HAPS Objective: A07.01 List the organ systems of the human body and their major components. 2

HAPS Objective: B01.01 Define homeostasis. 1

HAPS Objective: B02.01 List the components of a feedback loop and explain the function of each. 1

HAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus a

nd response.

2

HAPS Objective: B03.02 Provide an example of a negative feedback loop that utilizes the endocrine system to relay informatio

n. Describe the specific cells or molecules (production cells, hormones, target cells) included in the feedback loop.

1

HAPS Objective: B03.03 Provide an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. Describe the specific structures (organs,

cells or molecules) included in the feedback loop.

1

HAPS Objective: B04.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how organ systems respond to maintain homeostasis. 1

HAPS Objective: C01.01a Describe the charge, mass, and relative location of electrons, protons and neutrons with respect to t

he structure of an atom.

1

HAPS Objective: C01.01d Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the str

ucture of an atom.

1

HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water. 1

HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance. 1

HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. 1

HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid

s.

2

HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of A

TP in the cell.

1

HAPS Objective: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport proces

s –

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtratio

n.

4

HAPS Objective: C08.03 Demonstrate various cell transport processes and, given appropriate information, predict the outcome

s of these demonstrations.

1

HAPS Objective: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells. 1

HAPS Objective: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis. 1

HAPS Objective: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and

the stages of mitosis.

1

Learning Outcome: 01.01A. Define anatomy and describe the levels at which anatomy can be studied. 3

Learning Outcome: 01.02A. Name the six levels of organization of the body, and describe the major characteristics of each lev

el.

3

Learning Outcome: 01.02B. List the 11 organ systems, identify their components, and describe the major functions of each syst

em.

2

Learning Outcome: 01.03 1

Learning Outcome: 01.03A. List and define six characteristics of life. 1

Learning Outcome: 01.05A. Define homeostasis, and explain why it is important for proper body function. 1

Learning Outcome: 01.05B. Describe a negative-feedback mechanism and give an example. 3

Learning Outcome: 01.05C. Describe a positive-feedback mechanism and give an example. 1

Learning Outcome: 01.06B. Define the directional terms for the human body, and use them to locate specific body structures. 2

Learning Outcome: 01.06C. Know the terms for the parts and regions of the body. 4

Learning Outcome: 01.06D. Name and describe the three major planes of the body. 2

Learning Outcome: 01.06F. Describe the major trunk cavities and their divisions. 2


Learning Outcome: 02.01C. Name the subatomic particles of an atom, and indicate their mass, charge and location in an atom. 1

Learning Outcome: 02.01D. Define atomic number, mass number, isotope, atomic mass and mole. 1


Learning Outcome: 02.02A. Summarize the characteristics of synthesis, decomposition, reversible reactions, and oxidation-

reduction reactions.

1

Learning Outcome: 02.02F. Describe the factors that can affect the rate of chemical reactions. 1


Learning Outcome: 02.03B. Describe how the properties of water contribute to its physiological functions. 1

Learning Outcome: 02.03C. Describe the pH scale and its relationship to acidic, basic and neutral solutions. 1

Learning Outcome: 02.04A. Describe the structural organization and major functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nuc

leic acids.

2

Learning Outcome: 02.04C. Describe the roles of nucleotides in the structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and ATP. 1


Learning Outcome: 03.02A. Relate the kinds of microscopes used to study cells. 1





Learning Outcome: 03.06B. List and explain the three ways that molecules and ions can pass through the plasma membrane. 1

Learning Outcome: 03.06F. Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion, active transport, and secondary active transport. 3

Learning Outcome: 03.08C. Explain the structure and function of ribosomes. 1

Learning Outcome: 03.10C. Explain what occurs during mitosis and cytokinesis. 1

Longenbaker - Chapter 01 1

Section: 01.01 3

Section: 01.02 6

Section: 01.03 1

Section: 01.05 5

Section: 01.06 11

Section: 02.01 2

Section: 02.02 2

Section: 02.03 2

Section: 02.04 3

Section: 03.02 1

Section: 03.06 4

Section: 03.08 1

Section: 03.10 1

Shier - Chapter 02 16

Shier - Chapter 03 18

Topic: Body Orientation 12

Topic: Cells 25

Topic: Chemistry 25

Topic: General 14

VanPutte - Chapter 01 25



biol 2010 human anatomy & physiology i -- exam 1 -form …people.nnu.edu/jocossel/biol2010/biol...

Documents