biol 11 lesson 1 feb 1 - ch. 26 checklist of body systems - 7 systems
DESCRIPTION
Biology 11 Animal Biology unit - Invertebrates Miller, K.R. & Levine, J. (2000). Biology (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Ch. 26: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Unsegmented Worms pp. 554-560.TRANSCRIPT
Checklist of Body Systems Feeding (digestive system)
Respiration (respiratory system)
Internal transport (circulatory system)
Excretion (excretory system)
Response (nervous system)
Movement (musculoskeletal system)
Reproduction (reproductive system)*See “Unit Outline –Animalia/Organized Systems” handout for
more detail and body systems colour coding
These are often the
same
Feeding – Digestive System•Herbivores – animals that eat plants (e.g.
roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, or fluids in plants)
•Carnivores – organisms that eat animals or any part of their prey (e.g. fat, muscle, bone marrow, or blood)
• Parasites – live an feed either inside or attached to outer surfaces of other organisms; usually harm their host(s)
• Filter feeders – aquatic animals that strain tiny plants and animals from the water
•Detritus feeders – feed on small bits of decaying plants and animals (called detritus)
Respiration – Respiratory System•Living cells consume oxygen and release
carbon dioxide in the process of cellular respiration▫Animals must respire, or breathe, to take in and
release these gases•Small animals living in water or moist soil
respire through skin•Large active animals respiratory systems
have evolved to take many different forms in adaptations depending on the animal’s habitat▫ Respiration through the skin is not efficient enough for large
animals
Internal Transport – Circulatory System
•Some aquatic animals (e.g. small worms) can function without an internal transport system
•Most animals must transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from the cells within its body▫Many multicellular animals have evolved a
circulatory system with a pumping organ (heart) that forces blood through blood vessels
▫Circulatory systems can be simple or complex
E.g. Clam circulatory system
Response – Nervous System•Animals must survey their surroundings to find food, spot predators, and identify other members of their species•Animals use specialized cells called nerve
cells which together compose a nervous system
•Sense organs (e.g. eyes, ears) gather info from the environment by responding to light, sound, temperature, and other stimuli▫ Brain (nervous system control centre) processes this info and
regulates how the animal responds
Movement – Musculoskeletal System•Some animals are sessile live their adult
lives attached to one spot•Most animals are motile they move around• In order to move, most animals use tissues
called muscles that generate force by contracting
•Muscles often work together with a skeleton (system of solid support in the body)▫ Exoskeleton - skeleton on the outside of the body (e.g.
insects)▫ Endoskeleton – skeleton on the inside of the body (e.g.
reptiles, birds, and mammals)muscles + skeleton = musculoskeletal system
Reproduction – Reproductive System•Animal species must reproduce to survive•Different methods of reproduction:
asexual
sexual
live young
lay eggs
direct developme
nt
indirect developme
nt
Reproduction – Reproductive System
lay eggs
direct developme
nt
indirect developme
ntBabies look like miniature adults. They increase in size as they grow older, but do not change overall form.
Eggs hatch into larvae (immature stages that do not look like adults).As larvae grow, they undergo metamorphosis where they change shape dramatically.e.g.
grasshopper
e.g. butterfly
continued…
Checklist of Body Systems Feeding (digestive system)
Respiration (respiratory system)
Internal transport (circulatory system)
Excretion (excretory system)
Response (nervous system)
Movement (musculoskeletal system)
Reproduction (reproductive system)*See “Unit Outline –Animalia/Organized Systems” handout for
more detail and body systems colour coding
These are often the
same