bioinformatics jan taylor
DESCRIPTION
Bioinformatics Jan Taylor. A bit about me. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Microbiology. Computer Science, Computational Biology. Plant Science. Multivariate statistics. Environment. Machine learning. Animal Health. Experiment design. Ontology/database development. Human Cancer. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bioinformatics
Jan Taylor
A bit about meBiochemistry and Molecular Biology
Computer Science, Computational Biology
Multivariate statistics
Machine learning
Experiment design
MicrobiologyPlant ScienceEnvironment
Animal Health
Ontology/database development
Programming
Human CancerInherited Disease
What is bioinformatics anyway?
Definition:Application of computational and analysis tools to the capture and interpretation of biological data
What does that mean?
Mathematics
IT/Engineering
Statistics
Processor development
Network traffic improvement
Storage solutions
Artificial Intelligence
Pattern recognition
Text mining
Image processingSimulation
3D structure visualisation
Surface modellingontologies
Databases
Sequence alignment
Comparative genomics
Drug design
Protein:protein interactions
Gene finding
Protein folding
Homology searching
Evolutionary modelling
Gene expression analysisNon-coding RNA
GWAS
AnnotationEpidemiology
Personalised medicine
Biological networks
Challenges
• Databases and data resources– Because we need to store and retrieve lots of data
• Search and analysis tools– Because we need to infer function by comparison
• Interfaces and visualisation tools– Because we need to look at lots of data
Large scale biologyName Study of
Genomics entire genome of an organism
Transcriptomics expressed genes
Exomics coding sequences
Proteomics proteins within an organism
Metabolomics metabolites within an organism
Interactomics interactions between nucleotides, proteins and metabolites
Connectomics neural pathways in the brain
Pharmocogenomics
application of genomics to pharmacology
Phenomics observable phenotypes
Physiomics functional behaviour of an organism
Exposomics organism’s environment
Bibliomics literature concerning a topic
Genetics and genomics
• Genetics– Study of single genes, sequences, variation,
inheritance and roles in health and disease• Genomics
– Study of all the genes in an individual, their interactions with each other, the environment and roles in complex disease
Genomic data
• NGS technologies leading to massive growth of sequence data
• NHS and research labs moving to using NGS for testing
Analysis stages
• Primary– Obtaining raw data
• Secondary– Turning the raw data into genome sequence
• Tertiary– Biological interpretation
To ask biologically meaningful questions
• What genes are in chromosomal region X and are linked to disease?
• What genes cause the condition? • What is the normal function of gene Y? • What mutations have been linked to diseases A and B? • How does the mutation M alter gene function F? • What is the 3D structure of gene Y’s product?• Is gene Y expressed in condition C?• Are there any known variants of gene G?
Clinical bioinformatics
CLINICALBIOINFORMATICS
Personalised healthcare,Understanding of genetic,
molecular and cellular basis of disease
Clinical data
basic biology bioinformatics
Application of bioinformatics
• To clinical problems– Understanding disease– Treatment and management– Development of medicines– Tailoring treatment
Growth Area
• NGS becoming a diagnostic tool in genetics/genomics labs
• Emergence for the need for ‘data scientists’ – beyond genomics
• UK 100K Genome project – a driver for the NHS
Career Prospects
• Fantastic!• Clinical route:
– MSC STP training program in Clinical Bioinformatics
• Keen to recruit from mathematics and computer science backgrounds
• Research route:- Many departments now have interdisciplinary
research programs
Top Tips
• Teach yourself some biology – an understanding of the concepts and main principles of the application area
• Communication skills are vital