BiogeographyBiogeography

Introduction Introduction January 11January 11thth, 2005, 2005

Air CirculationAir Circulation

Profile of the AtmosphereProfile of the Atmosphere

Cross section of the United StatesCross section of the United StatesCross section of the United StatesCross section of the United States

Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle

The Biotic Components of a The Biotic Components of a Terrestrial EcosystemsTerrestrial Ecosystems

Sun

Producer

PrecipitationFalling leaves

and twigs

Producers

Primary consumer(rabbit)

Secondary consumer(fox)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Oxygen (O2)

Water

Soil decomposers

Soluble mineral nutrients

Deciduous Forest AnimalsDeciduous Forest AnimalsProducer to primaryconsumer

Primaryto secondaryconsumer

Secondary tohigher-levelconsumer

All producers andconsumers todecomposers

Bacteria

Fungi

Wood frog

Racer

Shagbark hickory

White-taileddeer

White-footedmouse

White oak

Graysquirrel

Hairywoodpecker

Broad-wingedhawk

Long-tailedweaselLong-tailedweasel

May beetleMay beetle

MountainwinterberryMountainwinterberry

Metallic wood-boringbeetle and

Metallic wood- boring beetle and larvae

Detritivores and DecomposersDetritivores and Decomposers

MushroomWoodreduced

to powder

Long-hornedbeetle holes

Bark beetleengraving

Carpenterant

galleries

Termite andcarpenter

antwork

Dry rot fungus

Detritus feeders Decomposers

Time progression Powder broken down by decomposersinto plant nutrients in soil

Gross Primary ProductivityGross Primary Productivity

Levels of GPPRed (highest), Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue (lowest)

Secondary SuccessionSecondary Succession

1500

1850

1870

1880

1906

The Demise of BisonThe Demise of Bison

Animals Driven to ExtinctionAnimals Driven to Extinction

Passenger pigeon

Great auk Dodo Dusky seaside sparrow

Aepyornis(Madagascar)

Endangered and Threatened SpeciesEndangered and Threatened Species

Florida manatee

Northern spotted owl (threatened)

Gray wolf Florida panther Bannerman's turaco (Africa)

Devil's hole pupfish

Snow leopard(Central Asia)

Black-footed ferret

Symphonia(Madagascar)

Utah prairie dog(threatened)

Ghost bat(Australia)

California condor

Black lace cactus

Black rhinoceros(Africa)

Oahu tree snail

Accidentally Introduced SpeciesAccidentally Introduced Species

Sea lamprey(attached to lake trout)

Argentina fire ant Eurasian muffleBrown tree snake Common pigeon(Rock dove)

Formosan termite Zebra mussel Asian long-hornedbeetle

Asian tiger mosquito Gypsy moth larvae

Fig. 1-1 p. 2

World PopulationWorld Population

Human DisturbanceHuman Disturbance

Tropic of Capricorn

Equator

Predominantly naturalPartially disturbed

Human dominated

AntarcticCircle

Tropic ofCancer

ArcticCircle

North America by NightNorth America by Night

Public LandsPublic LandsPublic LandsPublic Lands

Biosphere ReservesBiosphere Reserves

Biosphere Reserve

Core area

Buffer zone 1

Buffer zone 2

Human settlements

Tourism andeducation center

Research station