biogeochemical cycles
TRANSCRIPT
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The Biogeochemical Cycles
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.5 Periodic table of the elements.
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D. T. Krohne, General Ecology
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.6 Idealized diagram of the geologic cycle, which includes the tectonic, hydrologic, rock and biogeochemical cycles.
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Modified from D. T. Krohne, General Ecology
15%/year
CO2 & CH4
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.14 The Carbon Cycle.
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.15 Idealized diagram illustrating photosynthesis for a green plant (tree) and generalized reaction.
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.17 Global flux of carbon, 1850-1990.
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Modified from D. T. Krohne, General Ecology
50% fertilizer
(Bacteria)
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.19 The global nitrogen cycle.
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Critical Thinking Issue – How are Human Activities Affecting the Nitrogen Cycle?
• Increased nitric acid in soil:• Leaching of magnesium and potassium• Increased aluminum levels• Plant root damage• Changes in microbe communities• Fish kills
• Eutrophication of water bodies• Nitrates in drinking water• Global effects on plant based CO2 uptake
Effects of increased use ofnitrogen fertilizer:
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D. T. Krohne, General Ecology D. T. Krohne, General Ecology
Modified from D. T. Krohne, General Ecology
Gaseousphase
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© 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers
Fig 4.20 The global phosphorus cycle.
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Ecosystems and the Gaia Hypothesis
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Ecosystem defined: a community of organisms and it’s corresponding abiotic environment through which matter cycles and energy flows
• Wide variation in ecosystems• Boarders can be well defined or vague• Can be natural or artificial, managed or wild• Wide range in scale• Common to all ecosystems: energy flow and cycling of matter
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Gaia Hypothesis(es)
• Life has greatly affected the planetary environment
• This alteration has allowed life to persist
• The Earth is a “super-organism” - Life controls the environment in a fashion that is equivalent to the way an organism controls its various systems
• Evolution?
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