Upload File

biogeochemical cycles. 3 fundamental laws of nature conservation of matter 1st law of thermodynamics...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
22
Biogeochemical Cycles

Upload: steven-harper

Post on 29-Dec-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Biogeochemical Cycles

Page 2: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

3 Fundamental Laws of Nature

• Conservation of Matter

• 1st Law of Thermodynamics(Conservation of Energy)

• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics(Entropy)

Page 3: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Earth:Matter does not come and

go

Earth is aClosedSystem

to Matter

Page 4: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Biogeochemical Cycles:Reservoirs & Pathways

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Page 5: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Some Major Cycles of Matter

•Water Cycle•Rock Cycle•Chemical Cycles

•Carbon•Nitrogen•Phosphorous•Sulfur

Page 6: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Carbon Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Page 7: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Carbon Cycle: Reservoirs

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

1x(= 7.3x1017 grams

carbon)

3x

55x35,000x

Page 8: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Carbon Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Photosynthesis

Respiration& Decay

Page 9: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Carbon Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Photosynthesis

Respiration& Decay

Burial &Lithification

Weathering& Volcanism

Dissolution

PhotosynthesisBurial &Lithification

Exsolution

Page 10: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Carbon Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

HumanImpacts

Burning fossil fuels:Increased combustion

Deforestation:Decrease Photosynthesis

Increase Respiration

Net Effect:Increase in Carbonin Atmosphere

Page 11: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

northernsummer

northernwinter

Page 12: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Page 13: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Nitrogen Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Nitrogen fixation:• bacteria• lightning

Waste &Decomposition

Denitification:bacteria

Erosion

Absorption

Page 14: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Nitrogen-Fixing

Bacteria in Root

Nodules

Page 15: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Nitrogen Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Nitrogen fixation:• industrial (fertilizer)

• combustion

Increased Erosion

HumanImpacts

Net Effect:Increase in Nitrogenin water & soil

Page 16: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Phosphorous Cycle

Atmosphere

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Never enters the atmosphere

Waste &Decomposition

Weathering & Erosion

Absorption

SedimentationAbsorption

Page 17: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Phosphorous Cycle

HydrosphereLithosphere

Biosphere

Mining, use (fertilizer, detergent, etc.)& increased runoff

HumanImpacts

Net Effect:Increase in phosphorous in water &“algal blooms”; Depletion in soils

More Phos. for organisms

Page 18: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Eutrophication

Page 19: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Impact:Red Tide

Page 20: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Sulfur Cycle

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere Lithosphere

Biosphere

Volcanoes& Weathering

Waste &Decomposition

Deep Sea Vents

Absorption

Sedimentation

Absorption

Precipitation

“Evaporation” Weathering

BacteriaRelease

BacteriaAbsorption

Page 21: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Sulfur Cycle

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere Lithosphere

Biosphere

BurningFossil Fuels

Precipitation”Acid Rain

HumanImpacts

Net Effect:Increase in atmosphere (health effects) and acid rain

Page 22: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

What is the ultimate interface of all 4 reservoirs

for these cycles?

Soil


THE FIRST LAW of THERMODYNAMICS: Conservation of energychem.atmos.colostate.edu/AT620/Sonia_uploads/ATS... · THE FIRST LAW of THERMODYNAMICS: Conservation of energy ... ... (flow

First Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy - H, HfHf Second Law of Thermodynamics Third Law of Thermodynamics Entropy S, Free Energy GG Spontaneity

First Law of Thermodynamics · Conservation of Energy The first law of thermodynamics states: Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only change forms. • energy transformation

ENGR302I Conservation of Energy First Law of Thermodynamics

Lecture 3: Convection - Columbia University€¦ · The First Law of Thermodynamics • The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy in a closed system

Chapter 2: Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Kineticsfaculty.uml.edu/lweeden/documents/Chap2S16.pdf · The First Law of Thermodynamics: (a.k.a. Conservation of Energy) Energy can neither

Thermodynamics Second Law

Engineering Thermodynamics - 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Assignment

Introduction Statistical Thermodynamics · 6 Outline Rewrite History • Atoms first! Thermodynamics last! Thermodynamics • First law: conservation of energy • Second law: in

THERMODYNAMICS FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS · PDF file03/05/2009 · FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 1 CLOSED SYSTEM THERMODYNAMICS FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS – CLOSED SYSTEM It has

The exact dimensions are not important as the purpose of ... · Newton's Second Law of Motion (conservation of momentum), and the First Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy)

Theory of turbomachinery Chapter 1 · The continuity of flow equation – mass conservation First law of thermodynamics and the steady flow energy equation – The law of conservation

Conservation of Moisture The Moisture Equation. Equation of State 1 st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) Moisture Equation (Conservation

Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering · Introduction to Thermodynamics-System, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics -First law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics,

ENERGY CONSERVATION The Fisrt Law of Thermodynamics and ...€¦ · ENERGY CONSERVATION The Fisrt Law of Thermodynamics and the Classical Work Kinetic-Energy (CWE) Theorem I. CONSERVATION

THERMODYNAMICS Objectives THERMODYNAMICS that follow. It may be skipped if a brief discussion of ... The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy applied to

THERMODYNAMICS - IPFWmueller/thermodynamics.pdf · 7 THERMODYNAMICS FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS The First Law of Thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy in a thermodynamic

Lecture 5: Second Law of Thermodynamics - …€¦ · Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics In the course of discussions on the First Law of Thermodynamics we concluded that

First Law of Thermodynamics - Atmospheric Sciences · First Law of Thermodynamics October 16, 2014 The first law of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy applied to ther-mal

Unit 7 – Energy Production Ch.17 ENERGY 1 st law of thermodynamics: (conservation) 2 nd law of thermodynamics: (efficiency) 1 st Law Efficiency: Energy

First Law of Thermodynamics - University of · PDF fileFirst Law of Thermodynamics ... • the first law leads to the principle of Conservation of Energy where we can stipulate the

ENERGY CONSERVATION The Fisrt Law of ... A. La Rosa Lecture Notes PH 213 _____ ENERGY CONSERVATION The Fisrt Law of Thermodynamics and the Work/Kinetic-Energy Theorem

The First Law of Thermodynamics The Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy Conservation and 1st law of thermodynamics nasr/chapter two... · Chapter two Energy Conservation and 1st law of thermodynamics Energy (E) Energy is a fundamental concept of

Laws of Thermodynamics - Semantic Scholar...• The first law of thermodynamics is an extension of the law of conservation of energy • The change in internal energy of a system is

04 Law Thermodynamics

The first law of Thermodynamics. Conservation of energy 2

First Law of ThermodynamicsFirst Law of Thermodynamics September 11, 2013 The first law of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy applied to ther-mal systems. Here, we develop

Lecture 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics (Ch.1) · Lecture 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics (Ch.1) Outline: 1. Internal Energy, Work, Heating 2. Energy Conservation – the First

First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is often called the Law of Conservation of Energy

Chemical thermodynamics . The first law of thermodynamics

Energy Conservation and 1st law of thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics...The first law of thermodynamics is commonly called the conservation of energy. In elementary physics courses, the study of the conservation of energy

Second Law of Thermodynamics - University College Dublin · Second Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy

The First Law of Thermodynamics COPYRIGHTED …...capsulated in the First Law of Thermodynamics, which, in Max Planck’s words, ‘‘is nothing more than the principle of the conservation