biogas engr. baral
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOGAS:GENERATION,UTILIZATION
AND PIPING SYSTEMEDWIN B. BARAL rmp/ce
Chair, University Technical Working GroupPhysical Plant and Site Development Services
Nueva Vizcaya State University
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
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Introduction:
Biogas is a major by product of anaerobicprocesses. All decaying organic matters
produced biogas when it undergoes
decomposition. The process of decompositioneven without the presence of oxygen isanaerobic decomposition. Anaerobic digestion
is a process of allowing bacteria to allowbacteria to grow through metabolic process offermentation where organic materials is brokendown.
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Biogas is produced when bacteria digestbiomass in condition when air is lacking. Garbage
buried deep in the land fill produces biogas andany biodegradable materials place in air tight tanksor Anaerobic digesters
Biogas A mixture of gases, about two thirds
methane & other one third is made up of carbondioxide, water vapor and small proportion ofother gases.
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Biomass Method to change plants andanimal materials into high quality fuel.
- It can be use directly as fuel
- It can be carbonized first and then used as
fuel.
- To produced ethanol yeast is added for a
biomass placed inside a container to changesugar into ethyl alcohol.
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Methane, the simplest HydrocarbonA carbon atom has four valence electrons
and forms for covalent bonds. Therefore, thesimplest hydrocarbon consists of one carbonatom to which four hydrogen atoms are bonded.
The C-H bonds in this simplest hydrocarbon,
called methane, are formed from tetrahedrallydirected sp3 hybrid orbitals on the carbon atom.
You can represent the structure of methane by its
molecular formula, CH4, which gives the numberand kind of atoms in the molecule, or by itsstructural formula, which shows how the atoms
are bonded to one another: (Ebbing and Gamon, General Chemistry,6th edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999)
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Adapted from Robert D. Whitaker et al., Concepts of General, Organic and Biological, p.231 as
cited byEbbing and Gammon, General Chemistry, Sixth Edition p.1038, published by: HoughftonMifflin Com an 1999
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Why is it necessary to tap biogas as
an alternative source of energy?
It is a renewable energy
It is better to burn the methane than let it
escape in the atmosphere because its heattrapping effect is 21 times than that of CO2(Methane is 21 times harmful than CO2)
It is a contributory factor in global warming astwo thirds of biogas is methane
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Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases in
the Atmosphere
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Anthropogenic - referring to the pollutantsand other forms of impact on natural
environments that can be trace to humanactivities
Greenhouse gasses- Gases in the atmospherethat absorb infrared energy and contribute to
the air temperature. These gases are like a heat
blanket and are important in insulating Earths
surface. They include CO2, water vapor, CH4,
N2O, and CFCs and other halocarbons.
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Why we have to tap biogas from land fill
and sewage treatment facilities
To control methane gas emission into
the atmosphere As a source of alternative energy
Ratification of Kyoto Protocol
Proper waste management & sewage
effluent treatment
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Energy Flow Diagram
(Biogas from Landfill)
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Energy Flow Diagram
(Biogas from Anaerobic Digester)
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How much biogas can recover from
garbage on landfill
Landfill biogas recovery = landfill biogas
generation x collection efficiency
Methane generation potential of garbage:
depends on the quantity of volatile solid
present , type of waste, acidity/alkalinity
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Energy Flow Diagram
(Household Application)
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Estimated Biogas per kilogram of
waste/manure
1. Swine (pig)manure - 3.75 kg/head per day
estimated quantity biogas in cubic meters:
0.0403 m3/kg - 0.0504 m3/kg
2. Cow/Bufallomanure 8 -12 kg/head per day
estimated quantity biogas in cubic meters:
0.023 m3/kg - 0.04 m3/kg
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Required Diameter of Gas Pipe from
Processed Biogas
By Darcy-Weisbach Equation
D = f L V2 / 2 hL gwhere: f = frictional factor
hL= head loss
L = length of processed biogaspipe
V= flow velocity of processedbiogas
g = acceleration due to gravity
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Gas Requirements for Some AppliancesSource: Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard, 2002
Appliances (Type) Gas Requirements(m3/h
1. Gas Burner (non-continuous)
5 cm, 10 cm, 14 cm - 0.2267; 0.2800; 0.42002. Mantle Lamp (non-continuous)
ordinary lamp - 0.0710
25-watt equivalent - 0.100060-watt equivalent - 0.1950
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Cont.
3. Gas Refrigerator (continuous)
0.01 m3 - 0.0530
0.17 m3 - 0.0670
0.225 m3
- 0.0780
4. Engine (per KW output)
gasoline (non-continuous) - 0.5690diesel (non-continuous) - 0.7000
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List of Companies
SCS ENGINEERS (Environmental Consultants andContractor, http//www.scsengineers.com/)
FIRST BALFOUR (A Lopez group of company,
www.firstbalfour.com) BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY (INDIA) PVT.LTD
(http://www.biogasindia.com/services.html)
CHENGDU ENERGY- ENVIRONMENT
INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (CEEIC) China APPLIED FILTER TECHNOLOGY INC.- company that
design construct and built LFG processing system thatremoved CO2 and contaminants from gas stream.
http://www.biogasindia.com/services.htmlhttp://www.biogasindia.com/services.html -
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