bioenergetika 1
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOENERGETIC
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• ENERGY IS DEFINED AS THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK
• DIFFERENT KINDS OR STATES OF ENERGY : POTENSIAL, KINETIC, THERMAL, ELECTRICAL AND RADIANT ENERGY
• DIFFERENT KINDS OF WORK: MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND OSMOTIC WORK.
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BIOENERGETICS IS THE TERM TO DESIGNATE THE STUDY OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS.
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sun
PhotoSyntheticcells
Heterotrophyc cells
Chemical energy
WorkDone In theEnvir.
entrophy
Radiant energy
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respiration
FuelMol AndO2
ATP
Biosynthesis
Mechanical work
TRANSPORT WORK
ADP + PiCO2
H2O
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THE SYSTEM FREE ENERGY
ALWAYS DECREASESENTROPY MAY INCREASE,
STAY CONSTANT OR DECREASE
THE SURROUNDINGSENTROPY MAY INCREASE,STAY CONSTANT OR DECREASE
HEAT MAY PASS BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AND THE SURROUNDINGS
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ENTROPY : DISORDER/ RANDOMNESS (S)FREE ENERGY (G). G IS THE CHANGES IN FREE ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM ALONE E IS THE CHANGE IN TOTAL ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM G = E –T S
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G NEGATIVE = EXERGONIC/ SPONTANT
G POSITIVE = ENDERGONIC
H = ENTHALPY HEAT CONTENT
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FREEENERGY
C
A
D
B
HEAT
A+C B+D
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• THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS : ENERGY CAN BE NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED THE TOTAL ENERGY OF THE UNIVERSE IS CONSTANT
• THE SECOND LAW :
THE ENTROPY OF THE UNIVERSE ALWAYS INCREASES
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Adenosine 5' triphosphate
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Phosphoric Acid Anhydride Linkages
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Adenosine 5' diphosphate
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Hidrolysis ATP
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Pyrophosphate
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Adenosine 5' monophosphate
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Phosphoenol pyruvate
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Hydrolysis phosphoenol pyruvate
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Creatine phosphate
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Acetyl phosphate
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COMPOUNDS G
Kcal/mole
Direction of phosphate group transfer
PEP -14.8
1,3-DIPHOSPHO
GLYCERATE
-11.8
PHOSPHO
CREATINE
-10.3
ACETYL PHOSPHATE
-10.1
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ATP -7.3G-1-P -5.0
F-6-P -3.8
G-6-P -3.3
3-PHOSPHO
GLYCERATE
-2.4
GLYCEROL-3-P -2.2
ATP-ADP : DONOR AND ACCEPTOR PHOSPHATE INTERMEDIATE
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PHOSPHORYLATED COMPOUNDS IN THE CELL
• HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATE AND LOW ENERGY PHOSPHATE
• THERE IS NO SUCH SHARP DIVISION
• ATP- ADP SYSTEMACT AS AN INTERMEDIATE LINKING SYSTEM BETWEEN PHOSPHATE COMPOUNDS HAVING A HIGH PHOSPHATE GROUP TRANSFER POTENTIAL AND A LOW ONE.
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 5 10 15
DE
LT
A G
(K
CA
L)
PEP1,3-DPGPCACPATPG-1-PF-6-PG-6-P3-PGGLY-3-P
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• X-P + ADP X + ATP
• ATP + Y ADP + Y-P
• X-P DENOTES A HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATE DONOR MOLECULE
• Y IS A PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR
• ATP IS THE COMMON INTERMEDIATE
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3',5'-cyclic Adenosine monophosphate