biodiversity influences on mangrove forest ecosystem ... · biodiversity influences on mangrove...
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Biodiversity influences on mangrove
forest ecosystem services delivery
Clare Duncan1,2, Jurgenne H. Primavera3,4,
Heather J. Koldewey3,5, Julian R. Thompson2, Nathalie Pettorelli1
1 Institute of Zoology, ZSL, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY UK
2 UCL Department of Geography, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT UK
3 ZSL Conservation Programmes, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY UK
4 ZSL-Philippines, 43-E Burgos Street, Barangay Magdalo, La Paz, 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
5 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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Current state of play…
• Mangroves are in global decline
FAO (2005).
Richards & Friess (2016).
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• Loss of climate change
mitigation & adaptation
(CCMA) ES
Martine Perret.
International Labour.
Current state of play…
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• Diversity is also declining
Polidoro et al. (2010).
DISTRIBUTION OF THREATENED SPECIES
• Mid- to upper-intertidal; selective cutting
Current state of play…
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• Rehabilitation efforts often
species-poor or monoculture
Jurgenne H. Primavera.
Current state of play…
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What does this mean for mangrove ES?
Does floristic diversity drive climate change
mitigation and adaptation ecosystem
services (ES) of mangrove forests?
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• Terrestrial forests: flora richness can increase ecosystem functioning
• Mechanism = functional
differences
(complementarity in
resource use or
facilitation)
• Species richness not
important?
Gamfeldt et al. (2013).
Biodiversity & ES
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• Terrestrial forests: saturating or mixed relationships
• Mechanism = functional
identity of the most
dominant species
• Could these mechanisms
= ES trade-offs?
Gamfeldt et al. (2013).
Biodiversity & ES
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Complementarity in Mangroves…?
1: Leitão (2016).
• Species-poor systems – complementarity/facilitation may be strong?1
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Complementarity in Mangroves…?
1: Leitão (2016).
• Species-poor systems – complementarity/facilitation may be strong?1
Lang’at et al. (2011).
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1: Leitão (2016).
Complementarity in Mangroves…?
• Species-poor systems – complementarity/facilitation may be strong?1
• Many forests monospecific & still function fine – dominant species?
Huxham et al. (2010).
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1: Leitão (2016).
Complementarity in Mangroves…?
• Species-poor systems – complementarity/facilitation may be strong?1
• Many forests monospecific & still function fine – dominant species?
• Narrow niche space & water constraints = morphological convergence
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1: Leitão (2016).
Complementarity in Mangroves…?
• Species-poor systems – complementarity/facilitation may be strong?1
• Many forests monospecific & still function fine – dominant species?
• Narrow niche space & water constraints = morphological convergence
• Species-poor mangroves: genetic diversity - plasticity?
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1: Leitão (2016).; 2: Balun (2011).
Complementarity in Mangroves…?
• Species-poor systems – complementarity/facilitation may be strong?1
• Many forests monospecific & still function fine – dominant species?
• Narrow niche space & water constraints = morphological convergence
• Species-poor mangroves: genetic diversity - plasticity?
• Hyperdiverse mangroves: functional traits vary between and within
zones2
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CCMA ES in Diverse Mangroves…
• Does species richness matter for C stocks & storm surge
attenuation?
• Does complementarity or dominant functional identity
drive these?
• Are there mechanism- or functional trait-based trade-offs
between delivery of different mangrove CCMA ES?
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Methodology - Which Traits?
RESOURCE USE STRATEGY
Specific leaf
area (SLA)
Wood density
Aerial roots Growth form
Maximum height
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Methodology - Which Traits?
Specific leaf
area (SLA)
Wood density
Aerial roots Growth form
Maximum height
STRUCTURAL
RESOURCE USE STRATEGY
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Methodology – Study Sites
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Methodology – Study Sites
19 species
75.5 ha
7 species
7.8 ha
9 species
7.7 ha
9 species
27.5 ha
6 species
3.2 ha
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Methodology – Study Sites
27 species
72 ha
19 species
75.5 ha
7 species
7.8 ha
9 species
7.7 ha
9 species
27.5 ha
6 species
3.2 ha
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1: Kauffman & Donato (2010); 2: Komiyama et al. (2005); 3: Fu & Wu (2011); 4: Mazda et al. (1997); 5: Kattge et al. (2011);
6: Zanne et al. (2009); 7: Primavera et al. (2004); 8: Laliberté & Legendre (2010); 9: Conti & Díaz (2013).
• Temporary field plots – N = 79
• C stock & veg structure1-3
• Storm surge attenuation = Le4 at 2.7 m
• Species-specific wood density, SLA,
max height, growth form, aerial roots5-7
• SR & functional trait indices8,9
• Control for site & zonation
• Model averaging – relative variable importance
Methodology – Field + Lab
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Results
• DOMINANCE of taller species = increased carbon stock
VEGETATION CWi = 1.00
R2 M = 0.21
R2 C = 0.45
SEDIMENT CWi = 0.83
R2 M = 0.07
R2 C = 0.56
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Results
Wi = 0.51
R2 M = 0.30
R2 C = 0.49
Wi = 0.49
R2 M = 0.25
R2 C = 0.41
• DIVERSITY of height & all traits = increased storm surge
attenuation potential
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Results
Wi = 0.51
R2 M = 0.30
R2 C = 0.49
Wi = 0.49
R2 M = 0.25
R2 C = 0.41
• DIVERSITY of height & all traits = increased storm surge
attenuation potential
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Results
• No correlation between
storm surge attenuation
potential & C stocks
• Real trade-off in
mechanisms driving
CCMA ES?
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
• Monoculture may be sufficient for high C stocks?
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
• Monoculture may be sufficient for high C stocks?
• Trade-off between C stocks & storm surge attenuation due to traits?
![Page 30: Biodiversity influences on mangrove forest ecosystem ... · Biodiversity influences on mangrove forest ecosystem services delivery Clare Duncan1,2, Jurgenne H. Primavera3,4, Heather](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041021/5ed1e51e41584c6011114f99/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
• Monoculture may be sufficient for high C stocks?
• Trade-off between C stocks & storm surge attenuation due to traits?
• Greenbelt rehabilitation to maintain functional diversity (MIT focus?)
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
• Monoculture may be sufficient for high C stocks?
• Trade-off between C stocks & storm surge attenuation due to traits?
• Greenbelt rehabilitation to maintain functional diversity (MIT focus?)
QUESTIONS:
• Are these the right traits?
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
• Monoculture may be sufficient for high C stocks?
• Trade-off between C stocks & storm surge attenuation due to traits?
• Greenbelt rehabilitation to maintain functional diversity (MIT focus?)
QUESTIONS:
• Are these the right traits?
• Plasticity in low diversity mangroves?
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Summary
IMPLICATIONS:
• No evidence species richness is important for mangrove CCMA ES
• Functional diversity in structural traits may be key for coastal protection
• Monoculture may be sufficient for high C stocks?
• Trade-off between C stocks & storm surge attenuation due to traits?
• Greenbelt rehabilitation to maintain functional diversity (MIT focus?)
QUESTIONS:
• Are these the right traits?
• Plasticity in low diversity mangroves?
• Wider trophic interactions?
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Thanks!
Municipalities of Dumangas, Ajuy, Panay, Ivisan, Kalibo and Ibajay
Field assistants
Bureau of Soils & Water Management, Cebu
TRY Initiative Global Database on Plant Traits – DIVERSITAS/GBP & Max Planck
ZSL-Philippines
Funding: The Rufford Foundation & The Darwin Initiative