Biodiesel Production, Usage and Government Policy in Thailand

By Mr. Sanin Triyanond Chairman, Thai Biodiesel Producer Association

Director, Patum Vegetable Oil Co.,Ltd

Biodiesel History in Thailand

Government Policy

Technical Background

Biodiesel Production & Usage

Conclusion

Contents

Biodiesel History in Thailand

2005 2007 2010 2011 2014 Conventional Diesel

+ B5

B2 , B5

B3, B5

B5

B7

- In 1985, royal initiative project related biodiesel has been firstly established.

- In 2005, biodiesel has been officially implemented across the country.

- In 2008, Thai government has initially established Renewable Energy Development Plan to promote the use of alternative energy

Government Policy

Biodiesel Mandate Worldwide

Thailand : B7

Taiwan : B2

South Korea : B2

Australia : B2

Indonesia : B10

Malaysia : B5

Philippines : B2

Brazil : B5

Canada : B2

Argentina : B10

Peru : B2

Ecuador : B5

Costa Rica : B20

Paraguay : B1

EU : 10% of Renewable Energy in all transport

fuel in 2020

Source : Biofuel Mandate Around the World: 2014, http://globalrfa.org Note: Information on this slide may not be up-to-date

Goal : Committed to the development of low-carbon society

AE

Solar &

Wind

Hydro Power Plant

Bio

energy New

Energy

Biofuel

Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2012-2021

Source: Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficient

Target : 25% of AE in total energy consumption by 2021

AEDP 2012-2021

Biofuel

Ethanol

Biodiesel New Fuel for Diesel Substitute

9 ML/D

3 ML/D

Source: Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficient

7.2 ML/D

Supply

• Support palm plantation area of 5.5 million rai & get a total palm yielding of 5.3 million rai • Increase CPO production capacity to > 3.05 mt/yr. • Increase oil palm yielding to > 3.2 T/Rai/Y & oil content 18%

Demand • Manage blending ratio according to domestic CPO production • Pilot project of using B10 or B20 in fleet trucks or proper fishery boats • Develop FAME standard to 7% blending ratio in diesel

Biodiesel 7.2 ML/D

AEDP 2012-2021

Biofuel

Ethanol

Biodiesel New Fuel for Diesel Substitute

9 ML/D

3 ML/D

Source: Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficient

7.2 ML/D

New Energy Feedstock Development (Jatropha, Algae)

Use of ethanol for blending to substitute diesel (FAEE, ED95, Diesohol)

Development of oil conversion technology (BHD, BTL)

New Fuel for Diesel Substitute

3 ML/D

algae oil palm Targeted Feedstock for FAME and BHD Targeted Feedstock for BTL

2013 2014 2017 2021

FAME 2.9 ML/D FAME ~3.4 ML/D FAME ~4.2 ML/D

BHD ~2.0 ML/D

FAME 7.2 ML/D

NFDS 3 ML/D

AEDP 2012-2021

Technical Background

World Feedstock

catalyst

CH2-O-C-R

O

CH -O-C-R

O

CH2-O-C-R

O 3R’-O-C-R

O

R’- OH

Tri-glycerol (Vegetable Oil)

Alcohol Alkyl ester (Biodiesel)

+

CH2-OH

CH -OH

CH2-OH

Glycerol

+

Transesterification reaction

Parameter Unit Spec Purity % wt. 96.5 min Density @ 15 ºC kg/m3 860-900 Kinematic Viscosity@ 40 ºC mm2/s 3.5-5.0 Flash Point, (P.M.) ºC 120 min Sulphur Content mg/kg 10.0 max Carbon Residue % wt. 0.30 max Cetane Number - 51 min Sulphated Ash % wt. 0.02 max Water Content mg/kg 500 max Total Contaminate mg/kg 24 max Copper Strip Corrosion - No.1 max Oxidation stability @ 110 ºC hr 10 min Acid Value mg KOH/g 0.5 max Iodine Value g l2/100 g 120 max

Parameter Unit Spec Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester % wt. 12.0 max Methanol % wt. 0.2 max Monoglyceride % wt. 0.70 max Diglyceride % wt. 0.20 max Triglyceride % wt. 0.20 max Free Glycerin % wt. 0.20 max Total Glycerin % wt. 0.25 max Phosphorus mg/kg 10 max Group 1 Metals (Na + K) mg/kg 5.0 max

Group 2 Metals (Ca + Mg) mg/kg 5.0 max

Cloud Point ºC Report CFPP ºC Report Additives - Approval

Thai Biodiesel Specification

Parameter Unit Spec Purity % wt. 96.5 min Density @ 15 ºC kg/m3 860-900 Kinematic Viscosity@ 40 ºC mm2/s 3.5-5.0 Flash Point, (P.M.) ºC 120 min Sulphur Content mg/kg 10.0 max Carbon Residue % wt. 0.30 max Cetane Number - 51 min Sulphated Ash % wt. 0.02 max Water Content mg/kg 500 max Total Contaminate mg/kg 24 max Copper Strip Corrosion - No.1 max Oxidation stability @ 110 ºC hr 10 min Acid Value mg KOH/g 0.5 max Iodine Value g l2/100 g 120 max

Parameter Unit Spec Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester % wt. 12.0 max Methanol % wt. 0.2 max Monoglyceride % wt. 0.70 max Diglyceride % wt. 0.20 max Triglyceride % wt. 0.20 max Free Glycerin % wt. 0.20 max Total Glycerin % wt. 0.25 max Phosphorus mg/kg 10 max Group 1 Metals (Na + K) mg/kg 5.0 max

Group 2 Metals (Ca + Mg) mg/kg 5.0 max

Cloud Point ºC Report CFPP ºC Report Additives - Approval

Thai Biodiesel Specification

Feedstock C8:0 C10:0 C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3

4.6- 10.0

5.0-8.0 45.1-53.2

16.8-21 7.5-10.2

2.0-4.0 5.0-10.0 1.0-2.5 ND-0.2

ND ND ND – 0.5

0.5 – 2.0

39.3-47.5

3.5-6.0 36.0-44.0

9.0-12.0 ND-0.5

ND ND ND ND-0.2 2.5-7.0

0.8-3.0 51.0-70.0

15.0-30.0

5.0-14.0

ND ND ND-0.1 ND-0.2 8.0-13.5

2.0-5.4 17-30 48.0-59.0

4.5-11.0

ND ND ND-0.1 ND-0.2 5.0-7.6

2.7-6.5 14.0-39.4

48.3-74.0

ND-0.3

ND- non detectable, defined as < 0.05% Fatty Acid Composition (%)

Source: Codex Stan 210-1999

Feedstock Cetane number Cloud point (°C) CFPP (°C) Iodine value Oxidation stability (hr)

61.0 (6.46) -1.2 (3.9) -4.7 (0.6) 7.8 (2.5) 11.0 (5.64)

61.2 (4.90) 13.3 (2.3) 11.4 (4.7) 52.7 (5.6) 11.4 (2.38)

54.1 (3.32) -3.3 (2.4) -11.3 (5.9) 111.7 (7.4) 7.4 (1.81)

51.8 (3.93) 0.1 (2.0) -3.6 (3.4) 126.0 (6.9) 5.0 (2.59)

51.9 (4.73) 0.9 (2.4) -3.5 (2.0) 128.6 (2.1) 1.3 (0.42)

Biodiesel Properties *(Standard deviation in parentheses)

Source: A Statistical investigation of biodiesel physical & chemical properties, and their correlation with the degree of unsaturation, published in “Renewable Energy”, Vol.50, 2013

Biodiesel Production & Usage

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Jan

-10

Mar

-10

May

-10

Jul-

10

Sep

-10

No

v-1

0

Jan

-11

Mar

-11

May

-11

Jul-

11

Sep

-11

No

v-1

1

Jan

-12

Mar

-12

May

-12

Jul-

12

Sep

-12

No

v-1

2

Jan

-13

Mar

-13

May

-13

Jul-

13

Sep

-13

No

v-1

3

Jan

-14

Mar

-14

Quantity (T/M)

CPO Production vs Demand, Jan 2010 – Mar 2014

Edible Oil & Other Industries

Export / Biodiesel

Source: Department of Internal Trade

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

60.0

Jan

-10

Mar

-10

May

-10

Jul-

10

Sep

-10

No

v-1

0

Jan

-11

Mar

-11

May

-11

Jul-

11

Sep

-11

No

v-1

1

Jan

-12

Mar

-12

May

-12

Jul-

12

Sep

-12

No

v-1

2

Jan

-13

Mar

-13

May

-13

Jul-

13

Sep

-13

No

v-1

3

Jan

-14

Mar

-14

Vol (ML/D)

HSD Consumption, Jan’10 – Mar’14

49.6 ML/D 51.4 ML/D 54.7 ML/D 55.9 ML/D

Source: Department of Energy Business

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

Jan

-10

Mar

-10

May

-10

Jul-

10

Sep

-10

No

v-1

0

Jan

-11

Mar

-11

May

-11

Jul-

11

Sep

-11

No

v-1

1

Jan

-12

Mar

-12

May

-12

Jul-

12

Sep

-12

No

v-1

2

Jan

-13

Mar

-13

May

-13

Jul-

13

Sep

-13

No

v-1

3

Jan

-14

Mar

-14

Vol. (ML/D)

B2

B5 B4 B3

B7

B100 Consumption and Blending Ratio, Jan’10 – Mar’14

1.6 ML/D 1.7 ML/D 2.4 ML/D 2.9 ML/D

1,400,000

800,000

685,800

500,000

300,000

300,000

300,000 220,000

200,000 200,000 50,000

(1) Patum Vegetable Oil

(2) Energy Absolute

(3) Thai Oleochemical

(4) AI Energy

(5) Bangchak Biofuel

(6) Absolute Power P

(7) Pure Biodiesel

(8) New Biodiesel

(9) B. Grimm Greenpower

(10) Verasuwan

(11) Bangchak Petroleum

(2) (3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Source : Department Of Energy Business , Feb 2014

20

30

40

50

60

70

2011 2012 2013 2014

(1) (8) (9) (10) (11)

Unit : ML/D

Current B100 Producers and Production Capacity

Total Cap : ~ 5 ML/D

Total Plant Utilization (%)

Conclusion

• Biodiesel has been around for years.

• Government has and will push biodiesel policy consistently.

• Solid development plan (AEDP) has been set.

• Biodiesel is globally adopted, but maximum blending ratio remains unrevealed.

• Various feedstock gives different biodiesel properties.

• Palm oil is currently major feedstock.

• CPO production and diesel/biodiesel consumption are growing.

• “Sustainability” cannot come from one party.