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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017, pp.
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976
© IAEME Publication
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN I
ARCHITECTURE
(ETHOS OF PAST,
CT Institute of
ABSTRACT
Bioclimatic design of a building is the design which govern the climate of each
region, aims to ensure the necessary conditions with minimal energy consumption,
utilizing the available environmen
is to help save energy for lighting as well as heating and cooling of buildings. Various
techniques used for bioclimatic design are thermal protection shell, passive solar
systems techniques and natural c
of bioclimatic design is to adapt the buildings with the local climate of the
environment and to ensure that thermal comfort conditions are maintained inside.
Traditional settlements are sustainable with
well as available resources. This paper aims at investigating the environmental
behaviour of vernacular architecture and identification of different along with the
study of the factors that majorly contribute in ach
with thermal comfort within traditional buildings and their surroundings. Based on
the principles of traditional architecture known for centuries identify strategies that
provide human comfort condition in buildings.
Key words: Bioclimatic architecture,
System.
Cite this Article: Shruti H Kapur Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For
Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
Engineering and Technology
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5
1. INTRODUCTION
The word bio climatic deals with living organism and climate. Energy conservation keystone
is architecture. Building, as they're designed and used nowadays, c
environmental issues because of excessive consumption of energy and different natural
resources. Typical design typically fails to take advantage of passive style ways like building
orientation, shading, insulation, day lighting, and
IJCIET/index.asp 1401 [email protected]
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 2017, pp. 1401–1410, Article ID: IJCIET_08_05_151
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5
6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
Scopus Indexed
IOCLIMATIC DESIGN IN TRADITIONAL
ECTURE FOR HOT DRY CLIMATE
(ETHOS OF PAST, VIABILITY IN PRESENT)
Shruti H Kapur
Assistant Professor,
CT Institute of Architecture and Planning, Jalandhar, India
Bioclimatic design of a building is the design which govern the climate of each
region, aims to ensure the necessary conditions with minimal energy consumption,
utilizing the available environmental sources .The main aim of the bioclimatic design
is to help save energy for lighting as well as heating and cooling of buildings. Various
techniques used for bioclimatic design are thermal protection shell, passive solar
systems techniques and natural cooling and natural lighting techniques .The main aim
of bioclimatic design is to adapt the buildings with the local climate of the
environment and to ensure that thermal comfort conditions are maintained inside.
Traditional settlements are sustainable with regard to their environmental context as
well as available resources. This paper aims at investigating the environmental
behaviour of vernacular architecture and identification of different along with the
study of the factors that majorly contribute in achieving a pleasant environment along
with thermal comfort within traditional buildings and their surroundings. Based on
the principles of traditional architecture known for centuries identify strategies that
provide human comfort condition in buildings.
Bioclimatic architecture, Passive Design ,Orientation, Ventilation
Shruti H Kapur Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For
Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past, Viability In Present). International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 1401–1410.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5
The word bio climatic deals with living organism and climate. Energy conservation keystone
is architecture. Building, as they're designed and used nowadays, contributes to serious
environmental issues because of excessive consumption of energy and different natural
resources. Typical design typically fails to take advantage of passive style ways like building
orientation, shading, insulation, day lighting, and natural ventilation.
asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5
N TRADITIONAL
FOR HOT DRY CLIMATE
ILITY IN PRESENT)
India.
Bioclimatic design of a building is the design which govern the climate of each
region, aims to ensure the necessary conditions with minimal energy consumption,
tal sources .The main aim of the bioclimatic design
is to help save energy for lighting as well as heating and cooling of buildings. Various
techniques used for bioclimatic design are thermal protection shell, passive solar
ooling and natural lighting techniques .The main aim
of bioclimatic design is to adapt the buildings with the local climate of the
environment and to ensure that thermal comfort conditions are maintained inside.
regard to their environmental context as
well as available resources. This paper aims at investigating the environmental
behaviour of vernacular architecture and identification of different along with the
ieving a pleasant environment along
with thermal comfort within traditional buildings and their surroundings. Based on
the principles of traditional architecture known for centuries identify strategies that
Ventilation
Shruti H Kapur Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For
International Journal of Civil
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5
The word bio climatic deals with living organism and climate. Energy conservation keystone
ontributes to serious
environmental issues because of excessive consumption of energy and different natural
resources. Typical design typically fails to take advantage of passive style ways like building
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
2. BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN A
Bio climatical design, it means the design that contains a connection to nature. Thus
bioclimatic design is that the style of building taking into consideration of the precise climatic
condition of the place, mistreatment natural resources to cut back the environmental impact,
and check out to resolve energy consumption. Renewable energy is the clean energy, which
might be perpetually updated and frequently used. It's harmless or harm minimum
natural surroundings. Moreover, its resources are widely distributed, so is fit for using in
native. The renewable energy principally includes solar, wind, water, biomass, geothermal
and ocean energy, and different non
temperature change issue or brooding about the long run energy that is essentially due to use
of fossil fuel(A, summer thermal and daylighting conditions in 19th century traditional
buildings of morocco, 2006). The prevailing
energy for lightening, heating, cooling and varied energy run equipment’s largely utilized by
fossil fuels. Because of that we are loosening energy fuels more and more, and that we aren't
giving care on this issue. Today’s intention ought to be to switch this fuel by alternative
energy that is free and out there in abundance at the instant. However, alternative energy has
not been utilized in such an outsized issue or that expectation specially in the buil
to switch the utilization of fossil fuels. The intention here is to focus on style prospects
relating to the utilization of solar technology
3. CASE STUDY
Demonstrated that thermal mass and building envelope affect the indoor microclimate:
passive features of the heritage building: the case of the
The heritage buildings use solar passive techniques to portray a sensitive approach to
energy consciousness needed for indoor comfort conditions. The study case of Gohar M
a Heritage building of Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) is taken into account. Gohar Begum, the
first women ruler of Bhopal, built the building in 1820.
by our ancestors to this Gohar Mahal, a palace besides Bhopal upper lak
taking all the solar passive elements
and building envelope of this structure has a major impact on stabilizing inside temperatures,
affecting indoor mechanisms and thus providing therm
Figure
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
IJCIET/index.asp 1402 [email protected]
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN AS CONNECTION TO NATURE
Bio climatical design, it means the design that contains a connection to nature. Thus
bioclimatic design is that the style of building taking into consideration of the precise climatic
ion of the place, mistreatment natural resources to cut back the environmental impact,
and check out to resolve energy consumption. Renewable energy is the clean energy, which
might be perpetually updated and frequently used. It's harmless or harm minimum
natural surroundings. Moreover, its resources are widely distributed, so is fit for using in
native. The renewable energy principally includes solar, wind, water, biomass, geothermal
and ocean energy, and different non-fossil energy. It’s the time, the world is debating on the
temperature change issue or brooding about the long run energy that is essentially due to use
(A, summer thermal and daylighting conditions in 19th century traditional
. The prevailing building that is liable for use of huge quantity of
energy for lightening, heating, cooling and varied energy run equipment’s largely utilized by
fossil fuels. Because of that we are loosening energy fuels more and more, and that we aren't
his issue. Today’s intention ought to be to switch this fuel by alternative
energy that is free and out there in abundance at the instant. However, alternative energy has
not been utilized in such an outsized issue or that expectation specially in the buil
to switch the utilization of fossil fuels. The intention here is to focus on style prospects
relating to the utilization of solar technology.
emonstrated that thermal mass and building envelope affect the indoor microclimate:
passive features of the heritage building: the case of the Gohar Mahal,
The heritage buildings use solar passive techniques to portray a sensitive approach to
energy consciousness needed for indoor comfort conditions. The study case of Gohar M
a Heritage building of Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) is taken into account. Gohar Begum, the
first women ruler of Bhopal, built the building in 1820. The inbuilt passive concepts applied
by our ancestors to this Gohar Mahal, a palace besides Bhopal upper lak
taking all the solar passive elements(Fig.1). This study demonstrated that the thermal mass
and building envelope of this structure has a major impact on stabilizing inside temperatures,
affecting indoor mechanisms and thus providing thermal comfort.
Figure 1 Verandahs All Around The Courtyards
Figure 2 Rear View of Gohar Mahal
Viability In Present)
RE
Bio climatical design, it means the design that contains a connection to nature. Thus
bioclimatic design is that the style of building taking into consideration of the precise climatic
ion of the place, mistreatment natural resources to cut back the environmental impact,
and check out to resolve energy consumption. Renewable energy is the clean energy, which
might be perpetually updated and frequently used. It's harmless or harm minimum for the
natural surroundings. Moreover, its resources are widely distributed, so is fit for using in
native. The renewable energy principally includes solar, wind, water, biomass, geothermal
the world is debating on the
temperature change issue or brooding about the long run energy that is essentially due to use
(A, summer thermal and daylighting conditions in 19th century traditional
building that is liable for use of huge quantity of
energy for lightening, heating, cooling and varied energy run equipment’s largely utilized by
fossil fuels. Because of that we are loosening energy fuels more and more, and that we aren't
his issue. Today’s intention ought to be to switch this fuel by alternative
energy that is free and out there in abundance at the instant. However, alternative energy has
not been utilized in such an outsized issue or that expectation specially in the building sector
to switch the utilization of fossil fuels. The intention here is to focus on style prospects
emonstrated that thermal mass and building envelope affect the indoor microclimate: solar
ahal, Bhopal
The heritage buildings use solar passive techniques to portray a sensitive approach to
energy consciousness needed for indoor comfort conditions. The study case of Gohar Mahal-
a Heritage building of Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) is taken into account. Gohar Begum, the
The inbuilt passive concepts applied
by our ancestors to this Gohar Mahal, a palace besides Bhopal upper lake are analyze by
. This study demonstrated that the thermal mass
and building envelope of this structure has a major impact on stabilizing inside temperatures,
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
3.1. Passive solar design of buildings
3.1.1: Landscaping:
Trees, plants and water body near by help the
cooling. Water bodies like ponds, lake or founta
air temperature around the buildings. Ground cooling by earth berming keep the inside
temperature much down in summer and moderate
towards the lakeside i.e. in southwest direction, to get the cool air in and let the hot air out.
This makes building much cool in summer
3.1.2. Orientation
The long wall is at south side and maximum openings are given at wall that is lake side to
capture the prevailing summer wind. The main rooms are facing North with small openings
and attached with huge courtyards and verandahs.
3.1.3. Site location and site conditions
Water evaporation has a cooling effect in the surroundings. It takes up heat from the air
through evaporation and causes significant cooling especially in hot & dry climate zone. This
is observed in at the site also.
3.1.4. Openings, Semi Openings and Built Form
There are four courtyards; two of them divide the building longitudinally in three parts and
transversely in two parts (Fig.5)
very common passive solar device and was often
Figure 3 Air Funnel Figure
In Gohar Mahal more space is around the building, this provide prevalent and effected
cross- ventilation through a series of openings from the
central courtyards and out of an opening at the entrance/rear. This was the 'air funnel' of the
house (Fig.5). The entrance lobby acted as a wind funnel focusing the incident wind into the
courtyard that lay on this air funn
it.
3.2. Building envelope
Building envelope components are the key determinants of the amount of heat gain or loss
and wind that enters inside the building.
3.2.1. Walls
Most of the walls are made of adobe bricks. Walls are of varying thickness i.e. from 5’3” to
2’2”. All the walls are thick massive walls as to increase the time lag. The plaster provided is
lime plaster with surkhi (Fig.6)
Shruti H Kapur
IJCIET/index.asp 1403 [email protected]
ssive solar design of buildings
Trees, plants and water body near by help the building to keep cool in summer by evaporation
cooling. Water bodies like ponds, lake or fountains in the landscape help reduce microclimate
air temperature around the buildings. Ground cooling by earth berming keep the inside
temperature much down in summer and moderate in winter (Fig.2). Maximum openings are
towards the lakeside i.e. in southwest direction, to get the cool air in and let the hot air out.
This makes building much cool in summer.
south side and maximum openings are given at wall that is lake side to
capture the prevailing summer wind. The main rooms are facing North with small openings
and attached with huge courtyards and verandahs.
te location and site conditions
tion has a cooling effect in the surroundings. It takes up heat from the air
through evaporation and causes significant cooling especially in hot & dry climate zone. This
Openings, Semi Openings and Built Form
four courtyards; two of them divide the building longitudinally in three parts and
(Fig.5). The central courtyard of a typical traditional house was a
very common passive solar device and was often considered the lung of the hous
igure 4 Low Ht. Parapets Figure 5 Courtyard Effect
In Gohar Mahal more space is around the building, this provide prevalent and effected
ventilation through a series of openings from the rear/entrance door, through the
central courtyards and out of an opening at the entrance/rear. This was the 'air funnel' of the
. The entrance lobby acted as a wind funnel focusing the incident wind into the
courtyard that lay on this air funnel, which in turn ventilated the living areas grouped around
Building envelope components are the key determinants of the amount of heat gain or loss
and wind that enters inside the building.
f adobe bricks. Walls are of varying thickness i.e. from 5’3” to
All the walls are thick massive walls as to increase the time lag. The plaster provided is
(Fig.6).
building to keep cool in summer by evaporation
landscape help reduce microclimate
air temperature around the buildings. Ground cooling by earth berming keep the inside
. Maximum openings are
towards the lakeside i.e. in southwest direction, to get the cool air in and let the hot air out.
south side and maximum openings are given at wall that is lake side to
capture the prevailing summer wind. The main rooms are facing North with small openings
tion has a cooling effect in the surroundings. It takes up heat from the air
through evaporation and causes significant cooling especially in hot & dry climate zone. This
four courtyards; two of them divide the building longitudinally in three parts and
. The central courtyard of a typical traditional house was a
considered the lung of the house(Fig.4).
Courtyard Effect
In Gohar Mahal more space is around the building, this provide prevalent and effected
rear/entrance door, through the
central courtyards and out of an opening at the entrance/rear. This was the 'air funnel' of the
. The entrance lobby acted as a wind funnel focusing the incident wind into the
el, which in turn ventilated the living areas grouped around
Building envelope components are the key determinants of the amount of heat gain or loss
f adobe bricks. Walls are of varying thickness i.e. from 5’3” to
All the walls are thick massive walls as to increase the time lag. The plaster provided is
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure
3.2.2. Roof
Few rooms (lake side) have double roof (false ceiling). Building that has few roof /ceilings
with a air gap in between is a good concept of passive cooling. Two types of construction are
used for roofs and floors. The traditional method is to lay closely space
cover them with flagstones and then layers of lime, jute and surkhi.
3.2.3. Windows, Doors, Ventilators and other openings
All the window shutters and frames are of timber. Windows at the windward side are mostly
placed at floor level; their sizes are 4’2”x2’8”. Wind catchers are provided in the form of
hexagonal shaped. In verandahs also windows are provided which aerated th
keep the temperature down even in hot summer afternoons
3.2.4. Doors
Timber doors are usually rectangular in shape and the dimensions of the doors are varied
place to place. The entrance doors are quite huge. But most of the intern
about 5’3”-5’6’’ only. Tapered walls are here for easy movement of air from low pressure to
high pressure.
Figure
3.2.5. Ventilation and other openings
For natural ventilation, the flow of air is
or by the buoyancy effect of temperature differences between inside and outside (Stack
effect). Almost all the ventilators are inclined i.e. highly elevated at outside and low at inside.
The arch shaped ventilators are highly tapered these are for spot light i.e. lightning the whole
room naturally. Highly elevated small openings keep the room cool. Numbers of jharokhas
are also given for free flow of wind.
3.2.6. Sun Shades and chajjas
Shades play important role for protecting the building from direct sunlight. In Gohar Mahal
shades of flagstone are provided all the four sides of the building. Generally they are slightly
inclined and 900mm wide. They are supported on stone cornice. They are perfect to gain
direct solar radiation in winter and shades in summer
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
IJCIET/index.asp 1404 [email protected]
ure 6 Doors and windows/Tapered walls
rooms (lake side) have double roof (false ceiling). Building that has few roof /ceilings
with a air gap in between is a good concept of passive cooling. Two types of construction are
used for roofs and floors. The traditional method is to lay closely spaced timber beams and
cover them with flagstones and then layers of lime, jute and surkhi.
Ventilators and other openings
All the window shutters and frames are of timber. Windows at the windward side are mostly
placed at floor level; their sizes are 4’2”x2’8”. Wind catchers are provided in the form of
hexagonal shaped. In verandahs also windows are provided which aerated th
keep the temperature down even in hot summer afternoons (Fig 7).
Timber doors are usually rectangular in shape and the dimensions of the doors are varied
place to place. The entrance doors are quite huge. But most of the intern
only. Tapered walls are here for easy movement of air from low pressure to
ure 7 Windows and ventilators in Gohar Mahal
and other openings
For natural ventilation, the flow of air is caused by the pressure of the wind (cross ventilation)
or by the buoyancy effect of temperature differences between inside and outside (Stack
effect). Almost all the ventilators are inclined i.e. highly elevated at outside and low at inside.
d ventilators are highly tapered these are for spot light i.e. lightning the whole
room naturally. Highly elevated small openings keep the room cool. Numbers of jharokhas
are also given for free flow of wind.
Sun Shades and chajjas
Shades play important role for protecting the building from direct sunlight. In Gohar Mahal
are provided all the four sides of the building. Generally they are slightly
inclined and 900mm wide. They are supported on stone cornice. They are perfect to gain
direct solar radiation in winter and shades in summer (Fig.8).
Viability In Present)
rooms (lake side) have double roof (false ceiling). Building that has few roof /ceilings
with a air gap in between is a good concept of passive cooling. Two types of construction are
d timber beams and
All the window shutters and frames are of timber. Windows at the windward side are mostly
placed at floor level; their sizes are 4’2”x2’8”. Wind catchers are provided in the form of
hexagonal shaped. In verandahs also windows are provided which aerated the verandah and
Timber doors are usually rectangular in shape and the dimensions of the doors are varied
place to place. The entrance doors are quite huge. But most of the internal door height is
only. Tapered walls are here for easy movement of air from low pressure to
caused by the pressure of the wind (cross ventilation)
or by the buoyancy effect of temperature differences between inside and outside (Stack
effect). Almost all the ventilators are inclined i.e. highly elevated at outside and low at inside.
d ventilators are highly tapered these are for spot light i.e. lightning the whole
room naturally. Highly elevated small openings keep the room cool. Numbers of jharokhas
Shades play important role for protecting the building from direct sunlight. In Gohar Mahal
are provided all the four sides of the building. Generally they are slightly
inclined and 900mm wide. They are supported on stone cornice. They are perfect to gain
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
3.3. Building Material
Choice of building material for the envelope is important to reduce the energy content of the
building, this means selection of building materials which use low energy in their
manufacturing. The choice of building mat
The natural building materials available for construction in Bhopal are stones, timber, and
clay and lime stone. Choice along with positioning of suitable building materials is used in
Gohar Mahal particularly within internal and external fabric where thermal mass effects are
used. In Gohar Mahal the building materials used are; bricks stone,
jute fabric
3.3.1. Key Findings :GLOBAL CONTEXT
Global warming refers to the increase in the ave
atmosphere during the last 100 years, with two
the last few decades. The building sectors are the major source of demand for energy and
materials that manufacture green
or arrangement of the building ought to be in the following
A. Shelter or Form
C. Building Envelope
3.3. Shelter or Form
Process of architectural design may be a complicated exercise, involving interactive
relationship between natures and ranging magnitude. Numerous concepts have dominated
architectural thought during this century. Nevertheless the elemental issue of energy as the
associate degree embodiment of the sun, wind and light
been a basic paradigm of design
3.3.1. Land form
Topography and slope orientation. The landform or topography of the site and surrounding
could either be flat, sloping or undulating. Landform orientation has very little meaning once
the land is flat. In northern latitude (away from the equator) south slope receive the foremost
while North Slope receive the smallest amount direction radiation. In southern latitude
simply the reverse happens. East and west oriented slopes receive direct radiation mostly
during the morning and evening respectively
Shruti H Kapur
IJCIET/index.asp 1405 [email protected]
Figure 8 Effect of slanting slope
Choice of building material for the envelope is important to reduce the energy content of the
building, this means selection of building materials which use low energy in their
manufacturing. The choice of building material is also important to achieve indoor comfort.
The natural building materials available for construction in Bhopal are stones, timber, and
clay and lime stone. Choice along with positioning of suitable building materials is used in
arly within internal and external fabric where thermal mass effects are
used. In Gohar Mahal the building materials used are; bricks stone, timber,
Key Findings :GLOBAL CONTEXT
Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the earth’s oceans and
atmosphere during the last 100 years, with two-thirds of that increase occurring throughout
the last few decades. The building sectors are the major source of demand for energy and
materials that manufacture greenhouse emission. By taking view of global warming the plan
or arrangement of the building ought to be in the following:
Shelter or Form B. Climate and Thermal Comfort
Building Envelope D. Opening and Day lightning
architectural design may be a complicated exercise, involving interactive
relationship between natures and ranging magnitude. Numerous concepts have dominated
architectural thought during this century. Nevertheless the elemental issue of energy as the
ciate degree embodiment of the sun, wind and light – the natural environment has not
been a basic paradigm of design(group, 1993).
opography and slope orientation. The landform or topography of the site and surrounding
sloping or undulating. Landform orientation has very little meaning once
the land is flat. In northern latitude (away from the equator) south slope receive the foremost
while North Slope receive the smallest amount direction radiation. In southern latitude
simply the reverse happens. East and west oriented slopes receive direct radiation mostly
during the morning and evening respectively (Fig.9).
Choice of building material for the envelope is important to reduce the energy content of the
building, this means selection of building materials which use low energy in their
erial is also important to achieve indoor comfort.
The natural building materials available for construction in Bhopal are stones, timber, and
clay and lime stone. Choice along with positioning of suitable building materials is used in
arly within internal and external fabric where thermal mass effects are
timber, lime, sandstone,
rage temperature of the earth’s oceans and
thirds of that increase occurring throughout
the last few decades. The building sectors are the major source of demand for energy and
. By taking view of global warming the plan
architectural design may be a complicated exercise, involving interactive
relationship between natures and ranging magnitude. Numerous concepts have dominated
architectural thought during this century. Nevertheless the elemental issue of energy as the
the natural environment has not
opography and slope orientation. The landform or topography of the site and surrounding
sloping or undulating. Landform orientation has very little meaning once
the land is flat. In northern latitude (away from the equator) south slope receive the foremost
while North Slope receive the smallest amount direction radiation. In southern latitudes
simply the reverse happens. East and west oriented slopes receive direct radiation mostly
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
3.3.2. Vegetation Pattern
Radiation is absorbed by shrubs, trees and plants during Photosynthesis; this in turn cools the
environment. Trees and hedge also affect airflow. On the other hand, careful placement of
trees and hedges can direct and increase air speed. Trees and vegetat
humidity levels. This needs to be considered when employing trees in hot dry and warm
humid regions (Fig.10).
3.3.3. Water Bodies
Water absorbs a relatively large amount of radiation. They also allow ev
a result, during day time areas around water bodies are generally cooler and at night, water
bodies release large amount of heat to the surroundings. This heat can be used for warming
purposes.
3.3.4. Street Width and Orientation
The amount of direct radiation received on the street is determined by the street width,
modulating the street width and orientation can very effectively control solar radiation.
hot dry climate the prime need it’s minimized heat gain. It can be achie
sunlight .In cold climate wide streets especially the east west streets allow building to receive
the south sun. The primary need for warm and humid climates is air movement. So the streets
need to be oriented to utilize the natural
3.4. Open space and built form
An open area, especially large one allows more of the natural climate of the place to prevail.
So large open spaces allow for free air movement. The built pattern is also important; it can
increase, decrease and modify air speeds.Open space gains heat during the day. If the ground
is hard and building is hard and building surface are dark in color then much of this
radiation is reflected and absorbed by the building. If the ground is soft and gree
heat is reflected (Fig.11).
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
IJCIET/index.asp 1406 [email protected]
Figure 9 Land form
Radiation is absorbed by shrubs, trees and plants during Photosynthesis; this in turn cools the
environment. Trees and hedge also affect airflow. On the other hand, careful placement of
trees and hedges can direct and increase air speed. Trees and vegetation would also increase
humidity levels. This needs to be considered when employing trees in hot dry and warm
Figure 10 Vegetation pattern
Water absorbs a relatively large amount of radiation. They also allow evaporative cooling. As
a result, during day time areas around water bodies are generally cooler and at night, water
bodies release large amount of heat to the surroundings. This heat can be used for warming
Street Width and Orientation
The amount of direct radiation received on the street is determined by the street width,
modulating the street width and orientation can very effectively control solar radiation.
hot dry climate the prime need it’s minimized heat gain. It can be achieved
sunlight .In cold climate wide streets especially the east west streets allow building to receive
The primary need for warm and humid climates is air movement. So the streets
to utilize the natural wind patterns(Abro, 1994).
Open space and built form
An open area, especially large one allows more of the natural climate of the place to prevail.
So large open spaces allow for free air movement. The built pattern is also important; it can
, decrease and modify air speeds.Open space gains heat during the day. If the ground
is hard and building is hard and building surface are dark in color then much of this
radiation is reflected and absorbed by the building. If the ground is soft and gree
Viability In Present)
Radiation is absorbed by shrubs, trees and plants during Photosynthesis; this in turn cools the
environment. Trees and hedge also affect airflow. On the other hand, careful placement of
ion would also increase
humidity levels. This needs to be considered when employing trees in hot dry and warm
aporative cooling. As
a result, during day time areas around water bodies are generally cooler and at night, water
bodies release large amount of heat to the surroundings. This heat can be used for warming
The amount of direct radiation received on the street is determined by the street width,
modulating the street width and orientation can very effectively control solar radiation. In a
ved by cutting off the
sunlight .In cold climate wide streets especially the east west streets allow building to receive
The primary need for warm and humid climates is air movement. So the streets
An open area, especially large one allows more of the natural climate of the place to prevail.
So large open spaces allow for free air movement. The built pattern is also important; it can
, decrease and modify air speeds.Open space gains heat during the day. If the ground
is hard and building is hard and building surface are dark in color then much of this
radiation is reflected and absorbed by the building. If the ground is soft and green then unless
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
Figure 11 Open space and built form
3.5. Fenstration and pattern configuratio
The fenestration pattern and configuration involves the area, location, positioning
of the windows. This has an impact on air movement, daylight and glare indoors. Windows
location makes a difference to the quality of light obtained indoors. High windows
(ventilator) provide the best distribution of the direct and diffuse light.
ground reflected light. The light being reflected the most uniform ventilation the middle
located windows, distributes neither skylight nor ground reflected light well. Some basic rules
of thumb can be followed in the positioning of t
(Fig:12)
3.6. Climate and thermal comfort
There was no such thing as a temperature standard. Before the building was designed on the
basis of nature, well use of natural thing in building, airy courtyard complete with refreshing
fountain, in winter a sunlit room which provides
the need for the temp standards comes in.
different climatic regions can be identified in the country from the cool of the mountains in
the north through the composite climate of the
to the humid breezes of the south and east. Each of the regions has its cultural and
architectural tradition reflecting its own particular climate
3.7. Building envelope
Humans can survive only if their deep body temp is around 35
34), but people live in places where the air temp can be as high as 50 OC or as low as
each. This is only possible because of the three sets of adjustment
body itself, clothing & shelters. A Third level of protection is shelter, the building
the envelope usually consists of transparent elements (windows) and opaque (solid) elements,
such as wall roofs & floors. For the purpose of controlling heat fl
envelope, the thermal insulation properties are important. Insulation is of three kinds:
reflective, resistive and capacitive. The first two are known to have an immediate effect, but
the third one operates as a function of time, th
flow(F, 2004).
Shruti H Kapur
IJCIET/index.asp 1407 [email protected]
Open space and built form Figure 12 Fenestration and Pattern Configuration
tern configuration
The fenestration pattern and configuration involves the area, location, positioning
of the windows. This has an impact on air movement, daylight and glare indoors. Windows
location makes a difference to the quality of light obtained indoors. High windows
(ventilator) provide the best distribution of the direct and diffuse light. High windows allow
ground reflected light. The light being reflected the most uniform ventilation the middle
located windows, distributes neither skylight nor ground reflected light well. Some basic rules
of thumb can be followed in the positioning of the windows, to enhance air movement
Climate and thermal comfort
There was no such thing as a temperature standard. Before the building was designed on the
basis of nature, well use of natural thing in building, airy courtyard complete with refreshing
fountain, in winter a sunlit room which provides respite from the cold outside.
the need for the temp standards comes in. India is a country with a diverse climate. Many
different climatic regions can be identified in the country from the cool of the mountains in
the north through the composite climate of the genetic plain, the hot desert of Rajasthan down
to the humid breezes of the south and east. Each of the regions has its cultural and
architectural tradition reflecting its own particular climate(Bajpai, 1990-91)
only if their deep body temp is around 35-40 OC (with skin temp of 31
34), but people live in places where the air temp can be as high as 50 OC or as low as
This is only possible because of the three sets of adjustment –thermo regulation of the
ody itself, clothing & shelters. A Third level of protection is shelter, the building
the envelope usually consists of transparent elements (windows) and opaque (solid) elements,
such as wall roofs & floors. For the purpose of controlling heat flowing in and out of the
envelope, the thermal insulation properties are important. Insulation is of three kinds:
and capacitive. The first two are known to have an immediate effect, but
the third one operates as a function of time, thus it can provide a temporal control of heat
Fenestration and Pattern Configuration
The fenestration pattern and configuration involves the area, location, positioning and shape
of the windows. This has an impact on air movement, daylight and glare indoors. Windows
location makes a difference to the quality of light obtained indoors. High windows
High windows allow
ground reflected light. The light being reflected the most uniform ventilation the middle
located windows, distributes neither skylight nor ground reflected light well. Some basic rules
he windows, to enhance air movement
There was no such thing as a temperature standard. Before the building was designed on the
basis of nature, well use of natural thing in building, airy courtyard complete with refreshing
old outside. This is where
India is a country with a diverse climate. Many
different climatic regions can be identified in the country from the cool of the mountains in
genetic plain, the hot desert of Rajasthan down
to the humid breezes of the south and east. Each of the regions has its cultural and
91).
40 OC (with skin temp of 31-
34), but people live in places where the air temp can be as high as 50 OC or as low as -50
thermo regulation of the
ody itself, clothing & shelters. A Third level of protection is shelter, the building envelope;
the envelope usually consists of transparent elements (windows) and opaque (solid) elements,
owing in and out of the
envelope, the thermal insulation properties are important. Insulation is of three kinds:
and capacitive. The first two are known to have an immediate effect, but
us it can provide a temporal control of heat
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
4. PLANNING STRATEGIES
DESIGN
ASPECTS
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Landscaping Landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and
heating up building surface. It creates completely
different air flow pattern and might be wont to
divert or direct the wind by inflicting a pressure
difference.
Landscape closely linked to the planning of
environments within which humans live, as well as
each their look and performance, moreover as
environmental parts that sustain life
vegetation and variety.
Building
form
Plan the rooms so that cooler service spaces are
located in north side and habitable rooms take
advantage of the warm side in south aspect.
the exposed areas of the site and use any natural
shelter offered. Minimize wind chill from the
prevailing wind by presenting a narrow frontage in
that direction.
Location of
water bodies
Water may be a sensible modifier of microclimate.
It takes up an oversized quantity of warmth in
evaporation and cause vital cooling particularly
during a hot and dry climate. In wet climate water
ought to be avoided because it ad
Ventilation
Natural ventilation depends on moving air through
a building beneath the natural forces caused by
wind and also the buoyancy effects of temperature
variations. Natural ventilation may be used most
effectively to cool down the building at midnight
by transportation in cool dark air to depress
daytime peak temperatures on the average some of
degrees under the external.
Shading
devices
The natural cooling may be attained by cutting off
the radiations of the Sun.
The sunshades are used to protect from sun’s
radiations through the windows as well as walls.
Evaporative
cooling
Evaporative cooling is a cooling technique passive
in nature. Evaporating water, before it is
introduced in the building cools the outdo
Its physical principle lies in the fact that the heat
of air is used to evaporate water. This in turn cools
the air which, cools the living space of the
building.
Fountains were used to enhance the process of
evaporation. They help in mixing the moisture to
the air and increase the humidity.
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past,
IJCIET/index.asp 1408 [email protected]
STRATEGIES
DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS
reduces direct sun from striking and
heating up building surface. It creates completely
different air flow pattern and might be wont to
divert or direct the wind by inflicting a pressure
Landscape closely linked to the planning of
within which humans live, as well as
each their look and performance, moreover as
environmental parts that sustain life — soil, water,
vegetation and variety.
Landscape in built form
Plan the rooms so that cooler service spaces are
d in north side and habitable rooms take
advantage of the warm side in south aspect. Avoid
the exposed areas of the site and use any natural
Minimize wind chill from the
prevailing wind by presenting a narrow frontage in
Water may be a sensible modifier of microclimate.
It takes up an oversized quantity of warmth in
evaporation and cause vital cooling particularly
during a hot and dry climate. In wet climate water
ought to be avoided because it adds to humidness.
Natural ventilation depends on moving air through
a building beneath the natural forces caused by
wind and also the buoyancy effects of temperature
variations. Natural ventilation may be used most
effectively to cool down the building at midnight
ortation in cool dark air to depress
daytime peak temperatures on the average some of
degrees under the external.
The natural cooling may be attained by cutting off
the radiations of the Sun. The sunshades are used to protect from sun’s
radiations through the windows as well as walls.
Evaporative cooling is a cooling technique passive
in nature. Evaporating water, before it is
introduced in the building cools the outdoor air.
Its physical principle lies in the fact that the heat
of air is used to evaporate water. This in turn cools
the air which, cools the living space of the
Fountains were used to enhance the process of
evaporation. They help in mixing the moisture to
the air and increase the humidity.
Viability In Present)
DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS
Landscape in built form
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
DESIGN
ASPECTS
DESIGN GUIDELINES
At times, salsabil
water pressure and force the water to come out of
the fountain head.
Earth
Coupling
This technique is
as heating of buildings, which is made possible by
the earth acting as a massive heat sink.
At depths beyond 4 to 5m, both daily and seasonal
fluctuations die out. The soil temperature remains
almost constant throughout the year.
Thus, the partially sunk or underground buildings
provide cooling (in summer) and heating (in
winter) to the existing space.
A building may be coupled with the earth b
burying it underground or berming
Orientation
Building orientation could be a vital design
thought, mainly with respect to solar radiation
and wind.. The orientation of the full building
plays a crucial part in ensuring such a 'passive'
method works.
It is observed that a correctly oriented passive
solar building will reduce its energy consumption
by 30 to 40 percent.
5. CONCLUSION
Bioclimatic architecture has brought architecture to a brand new stage and has given rise to
the new philosophy of architecture. It is a process which provides rise to a stable structure
which is dynamic and strong. It additionally suggests that architecture can be understood as a
material body with its own intrinsic and extrinsic forces relating to type
Moreover, bioclimatic architecture results in a sustainable and aesthetical way. Through the
analysis of the chosen case-studies, it can be all over that the instructed theoretical and
methodological frameworks change the designer to:
as a results of the existing environmental, materialization, and special requirements, and thus
specifically suited to its conditions and locations and give birth to a much more advanced
architecture in terms of sustainability; create a variable structural image unit that is able to
adapt to a variety of advanced surfaces and whose kind springs from natural abstraction and
structural architecture, the physical limitations and benefits of the meant construction
materials, and also the desired construction methods.
REFERENCES
[1] Gupta Vinod. 2011. The development of the bioclimatic concept in building design.
Renewable energy, Vol.3, pp.521
[2] BajpaiUsha. 1990-1991. Buildings as Climate Modifiers. Energy and Buildi
16, pp.907-913.
[3] Energy in Architecture
Group, School of Architecture, University College Dub
Limited.
[4] Riazuddin. S. Abro. 1994. Recognition of Passive C
Energy, Vol. 5, Part II, pp. 1143
Shruti H Kapur
IJCIET/index.asp 1409 [email protected]
DESIGN GUIDELINES DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS
salsabil was were used to maintain the
water pressure and force the water to come out of
the fountain head.
This technique is used for passive cooling as well
as heating of buildings, which is made possible by
acting as a massive heat sink.
At depths beyond 4 to 5m, both daily and seasonal
fluctuations die out. The soil temperature remains
almost constant throughout the year.
Thus, the partially sunk or underground buildings
provide cooling (in summer) and heating (in
winter) to the existing space.
A building may be coupled with the earth by
burying it underground or berming.
Building orientation could be a vital design
thought, mainly with respect to solar radiation
and wind.. The orientation of the full building
plays a crucial part in ensuring such a 'passive'
It is observed that a correctly oriented passive
solar building will reduce its energy consumption
by 30 to 40 percent.
Bioclimatic architecture has brought architecture to a brand new stage and has given rise to
philosophy of architecture. It is a process which provides rise to a stable structure
which is dynamic and strong. It additionally suggests that architecture can be understood as a
material body with its own intrinsic and extrinsic forces relating to type growth and behavior.
Moreover, bioclimatic architecture results in a sustainable and aesthetical way. Through the
studies, it can be all over that the instructed theoretical and
methodological frameworks change the designer to: Develop an architecture that is produced
as a results of the existing environmental, materialization, and special requirements, and thus
specifically suited to its conditions and locations and give birth to a much more advanced
stainability; create a variable structural image unit that is able to
adapt to a variety of advanced surfaces and whose kind springs from natural abstraction and
structural architecture, the physical limitations and benefits of the meant construction
ials, and also the desired construction methods.
Vinod. 2011. The development of the bioclimatic concept in building design.
Renewable energy, Vol.3, pp.521-533.
1991. Buildings as Climate Modifiers. Energy and Buildi
Energy in Architecture – The European Passive Solar Handbook by The energy Research
Group, School of Architecture, University College Dub- lin.1993. London: B.T. Batsford
Riazuddin. S. Abro. 1994. Recognition of Passive Cooling Techniques. Renewable
Energy, Vol. 5, Part II, pp. 1143-114.
DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS
Bioclimatic architecture has brought architecture to a brand new stage and has given rise to
philosophy of architecture. It is a process which provides rise to a stable structure
which is dynamic and strong. It additionally suggests that architecture can be understood as a
growth and behavior.
Moreover, bioclimatic architecture results in a sustainable and aesthetical way. Through the
studies, it can be all over that the instructed theoretical and
Develop an architecture that is produced
as a results of the existing environmental, materialization, and special requirements, and thus
specifically suited to its conditions and locations and give birth to a much more advanced
stainability; create a variable structural image unit that is able to
adapt to a variety of advanced surfaces and whose kind springs from natural abstraction and
structural architecture, the physical limitations and benefits of the meant construction
Vinod. 2011. The development of the bioclimatic concept in building design.
1991. Buildings as Climate Modifiers. Energy and Buildings, Vol.15-
The European Passive Solar Handbook by The energy Research
London: B.T. Batsford
ooling Techniques. Renewable
Bioclimatic Design In Traditional Architecture For Hot Dry Climate (Ethos Of Past, Viability In Present)
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[5] Tzikopoulos A.F., Karatza M.C., Paravantis J.A. 2004. Modeling energy efficiency of
bioclimatic buildings. Energy and Buildings, Vol.37, pp.529-544.
[6] NicolaePetrasincu and LaurentiouFara. 2006. The future of the vernacular. Towards new
methodologies for the understanding and optimization of the performance of vernacular
buildings. pp.215-228.
[7] Manjunatha M.C, Basavarajappa H.T, Jeevan L Climate Change And Its Impact On
Groundwater Table Fluctuation In Precambrian Terrain Of Chitradurga District,
Karnataka, India Using Geomatics Application. International journal of Civil Engineering,
6(3), pp.83-96.
[8] Oikonomou A., Bougiatioti F. 2011. Architectural structure and environmental
performance of the traditional buildings in Florina, NW Greece. Building and
Environment, Vol.46, pp. 669-689.
[9] Sadineni S., Madala S., Boehm R., 2011. Passive building energy savings: A review of
building envelope components. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.15,
pp.3617-3631.
[10] Atindriya Shome 2006. Renewable building energy systems and passive human comfort
solutions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.12, pp.1562-1587.
[11] Oikonomou A. 2006. Summer Thermal and Daylighting Conditions in 19th Century
Traditional Buildings of Morocco.