biochemistry the chemical basis of life based on organic (carbon) chemistry
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Biochemistry
The chemical basis of life
Based on organic (carbon) chemistry
All living things are made of matter.
Matter: material governed by laws of inertia (resistance to change in motion)
The smallest organized unit of matter that is living is called a cell.
Atomic structure video
Click on image to play video.
Matter of the same composition is a substance.
Ex: pure sugar, pure salt, etc
Substances can change.
Living matter is made up of different substances.
Therefore life can change.
Periodic table of elements … do you need to know them all for this class?
What elements do producers need?
C HOPKNS café Managed By My Cousin Mo Cline
CHOPKNS Ca Fe Mg B Mn Cu Zn Mo Cl
Chemical reactions lead to changes in substance or matter.
Occurs when electrons are transferred between two atoms
covalent or ionic
Substance types1. Atom = electron + proton + neutron
2. Element: one atom with set number of protons(ex: nitrogen)
3. Compound: two or more atoms in fixed ratio (ex: water H2O) Q.What is in the beaker?
4. Molecule: 1 unit of a compound (ex: water H2O is 1 molecule of water) Q. How many molecules of water are in the beaker?
To maintain life the following are needed.
96% of living matter: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
4% of living matter: calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron, trace elements
Why is carbon the basis for life?
It has 4 electrons in its outer electron shell.
Octet rule: The most stable elements have 8 electrons in its outer shell, with few exceptions.
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds to fulfill the octet rule.
Covalent bond = two atoms sharing electrons
“Strong” Relatively stable Hydrogen, oxygen,
and nitrogen can readily form covalent bonds with carbon.
Covalent bonding video
Click on image to play video.
Ions = electrically charged matter Ions form when electrons are lost or gained. Ionic bonds form when a positive ion is attracted to a
negative ion.
Ionic bonding video
Click on image to play video.
Making polymers
When monomers (single units) transfer electrons between one another, they form dimers.
Adding more monomers form polymers.
Important polymers & complex molecules
Polysaccharides Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids
Methane Acetylene Butadiene Benzene Isooctane
Section 2-3
Figure 2-11 Carbon Compounds
Starch
Glucose
Section 2-3
Figure 2-13 A Starch
Lipids
General structure Alanine Serine
Section 2-3
Amino group Carboxyl group
Figure 2-16 Amino Acids
Aminoacids
Figure 2-17 A Protein
Nucleic acids