biochemistry
DESCRIPTION
Biochemistry. Lecture 10. Only a Small Amount of Energy Available in Glucose is Captured in Glycolysis. Glycolysis. 2. G’° = -146 kJ/mol. GLUCOSE. Full oxidation (+ 6 O 2 ). 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O. G’° = -2,840 kJ/mol. Cellular Respiration: the big picture. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biochemistry
Lecture 10
![Page 2: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Only a Small Amount of Energy Available in Glucose
is Captured in Glycolysis
2G’° = -146 kJ/mol
Glycolysis
Full oxidation (+ 6 O2)
G’° = -2,840 kJ/mol6 CO2 + 6 H2O
GLUCOSE
![Page 3: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cellular Respiration: the big picture
• process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2
• provides more energy (ATP) from glucose than glycolysis
• also captures energy stored in lipids and amino acids
• evolutionary origin: developed about 2.5 billion years ago
• used by animals, plants, and many microorganisms
• occurs in three major stages:
- acetyl CoA production
- acetyl CoA oxidation
- electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation
![Page 4: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Stage 1. Acetyl-CoA production
![Page 5: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Stage 2. Acetyl-CoA Oxidation
![Page 6: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Stage 3. Electron Transfer and oxidative
Phosphorylation
![Page 7: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Where does this all happen?
![Page 8: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stage 1. Acetyl-CoA production
![Page 9: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pyruvate Decarboxylation
![Page 10: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The PDC
![Page 11: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sequence of Events in Pyruvate
Decarboxylation• Step 1: Decarboxylation of pyruvate to an aldehyde
• Step 2: Oxidation of aldehyde to a carboxylic acid
• Step 3: Formation of acetyl CoA
• Step 4: Reoxidation of the lipoamide cofactor
• Step 5: Regeneration of the oxidized FAD cofactor
![Page 13: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Structure of CoA
![Page 15: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stage 2. Acetyl-CoA Oxidation
![Page 17: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Step 1
![Page 19: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Step 2
![Page 21: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sterospecificity
![Page 22: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Step 3
![Page 23: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Step 4
![Page 24: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Step 5.
![Page 25: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Succinyl-CoA
Succinate
Succinyl-CoA Synthetase
Succinate dehydrogenase
*
*
Carbons are scrambled at succinate
*
1/2
1/2
![Page 26: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Step 6.
![Page 27: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Step 7.
![Page 28: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Products from one turn of the cycle
![Page 30: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Net Effect of the Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O
2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+
• carbons of acetyl groups in acetyl-CoA are
oxidized to CO2
• electrons from this process reduce NAD+ and FAD
• one GTP is formed per cycle, this can be
converted to ATP
• intermediates in the cycle are not depleted
![Page 31: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Energy Yield
![Page 32: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Biochemistry](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/5681339d550346895d9ab1fd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)