biochemistry

Biochemistry

Chem-160Chem-160

04/20/2304/20/23 11Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114

04/20/2304/20/23 Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114 22

LipidsLipids

Macromolecules

LipidsLipids1. Monomer: __________1. Monomer: __________2. Polymer: ___________2. Polymer: ___________3. Structure:______________________3. Structure:______________________

________________________________________________________________4. Uses: ________________________4. Uses: ________________________5. Examples: ____________________5. Examples: ____________________

fatty acid

lipid or fat3 long chains of carbon hydrogen on a glycerol

moleculeenergy, structure, warmthfat, oil,

cholesterol04/20/2304/20/23 33Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114

Examples of Lipids


PROTEINSPROTEINS


IntroductionCondensed polymers formed Condensed polymers formed

from amino acidsfrom amino acidsComplex biological polymersComplex biological polymersHaemoglobin, responsible for Haemoglobin, responsible for

transporting oxygen around your transporting oxygen around your body has a formulabody has a formula

CC29522952 H H4664 4664 OO832 832 NN812 812 SS88 Fe Fe4 4

Mol. Mass 65000Mol. Mass 6500004/20/2304/20/23 66Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114

Collagen is the major structural Collagen is the major structural protein in our bodiesprotein in our bodies

It is made up of three chains, each It is made up of three chains, each around 1000 amino acids long, coiled around 1000 amino acids long, coiled round each other in a triple helixround each other in a triple helix

Having very ordered structuresHaving very ordered structuresThey are involved in every biological They are involved in every biological

processprocess


Antibodies , enzymes and haemoglobin Antibodies , enzymes and haemoglobin are all water soluble moleculesare all water soluble molecules

Keratin and collagen are insolubleKeratin and collagen are insoluble Proteins make up 18% of the mass of the Proteins make up 18% of the mass of the

average personaverage person Fats make up 18% of the mass of the Fats make up 18% of the mass of the

average personaverage person Carbohydrates make up 0.5% of the mass Carbohydrates make up 0.5% of the mass

of the average personof the average person Others 4.5%Others 4.5%


Functions

Myosin Actin muscle contraction Myosin Actin muscle contraction muscle tissuesmuscle tissues

Chymotrypson digestive enzymes Chymotrypson digestive enzymes

pepsin small intestine pepsin small intestine

stomachstomach Insulin Insulin hormone hormone

bloodblood


Imunoglobulins antibodiesImunoglobulins antibodies

blood blood

Collagen Collagen structural proteins structural proteins

Keratin skin, tendonKeratin skin, tendon

hair hair Haemoglobin transportHaemoglobin transport

blood blood


Ferritin Ferritin storage bone marrow storage bone marrow

liver, spleenliver, spleen

Proteins are unbranched polymer Proteins are unbranched polymer chainschains

Made by linking together large Made by linking together large numbers(100-~1000s) of amino acid numbers(100-~1000s) of amino acid monomer units by peptide bonds, refer monomer units by peptide bonds, refer to as Polypeptide chainsto as Polypeptide chains


III. Macromolecules

D. ProteinD. Protein1. Monomer: _______________1. Monomer: _______________2. Polymer: _____________________2. Polymer: _____________________3. Structure:______________________3. Structure:______________________

________________________________________________________________4. Uses: ________________________4. Uses: ________________________5. Examples: ____________________5. Examples: ____________________

amino acid (20)protein or

polypeptidecentral carbon atom withhydrogen, amine, carboxyl, & R

groups structure, emergency energyskin, insulin,

enzymes04/20/2304/20/23 1212Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-114

Examples of Proteins



Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules

E. Nucleic AcidsE. Nucleic Acids1. Monomer: _______________1. Monomer: _______________2. Polymer: ___________2. Polymer: ___________3. Structure:______________________3. Structure:______________________

________________________________________________________________4. Uses: ___________________4. Uses: ___________________5. Examples: _______________5. Examples: _______________

nucleotide (5)

nucleic acid5-carbon sugar attached to nitrogen base and phosphate

group stores genetic code

DNA and RNA


Examples of Nucleic Acids


ATP


ATP

A. ATP stands for _____________________A. ATP stands for _____________________B. Cells use ATP as a __________________B. Cells use ATP as a __________________C. Made of adenine with ___ phosphatesC. Made of adenine with ___ phosphatesD. Lots of energy is stored in the bond D. Lots of energy is stored in the bond

between _____________________________between _____________________________E. When this bond is broken, E. When this bond is broken,

tremendous energy is released.tremendous energy is released.F. The pieces are then reassembled, F. The pieces are then reassembled,

storing more energy for another use. storing more energy for another use.

adenosine triphosphate

the second and third phosphates

3rechargeable battery


Examples of ATP


ENZYMES


EnzymesA. Special proteins that A. Special proteins that

speed chemical speed chemical reactionsreactions1. Chemical reactions 1. Chemical reactions

require a certain require a certain _______________ to get _______________ to get started.started.

2. Enzymes decrease 2. Enzymes decrease this energy, making this energy, making reactions occur faster.reactions occur faster.

activation energy


Enzymes

Lock-and-Key ModelLock-and-Key ModelEnzymes are not used up by the Enzymes are not used up by the

reaction, but each can only work on reaction, but each can only work on one reaction (________________).one reaction (________________).

This is called the lock-and-key model This is called the lock-and-key model of enzymes. An enzyme is like a of enzymes. An enzyme is like a _____ which can open exactly one _____ which can open exactly one _____. If you want to “unlock” _____. If you want to “unlock” another reaction, you need a another reaction, you need a different enzyme.different enzyme.

enzyme specificity

keylock


Enzymes


Enzymes

Factors which affect enzymesFactors which affect enzymes1. _____________--enzymes, like all 1. _____________--enzymes, like all

proteins, change shape when proteins, change shape when exposed to heat or cold. Each has exposed to heat or cold. Each has an optimal temperature range.an optimal temperature range.

2. ____--all enzymes have an 2. ____--all enzymes have an optimal range of pH Example: optimal range of pH Example: stomachstomach

3. _____________--having more 3. _____________--having more enzymes makes the reaction faster.enzymes makes the reaction faster.

Temperature

pH

Concentration


biochemistry

Documents

lipidsdr seemal jelani

examples of proteins

examples of nucleic

examples of lipids

nucleic acids1

s of amino acid monomer

nucleic acid5carbon

polypeptide chains